ALBERT

Notes: : A river basin-wide water quality management system is considered. The river receives thermal as well as organic wastes. At-source treatment of these pollutants is imposed to control the basin-wide water quality. The related water quality standards are: the minimum DO concentration, the maximum allowable BOD concentration, the maximum allowable stream temperature, and the allowable rise in stream temperature. The general dynamic mathematical model representing water quality in streams and the thermal effects on BOD and DO concentrations is presented. The model is highly nonlinear in nature. The optimal management problem involving the model is solved by a recently developed nonlinear propgramming technique - the generalized reduced gradient (GRG) method. Comparison of results obtained by the GRG method vs. dynamic programming, and of results using a more realistic mathematical model vs. a simple model are presented. The analysis procedure can be applied to designing new and examining existing water quality programs, and to study the influence of alternate policies and constraints.

Notes: The authors describe the photogrammetric procedures involved in the production of 1 : 50 000 scale mapping within the Directorate of Overseas Surveys, making specific reference to a project in Ethiopia.

Notes: A meter using electronic capacitance to estimate weight of standing vegetation was first tested in 1949. It proved to be faster and more accurate than most indirect methods of measurement. Since then, other similar instruments have been built and several problems have become apparent. Short or dry vegetation, non-homogeneous distribution of vegetation, non-homogeneous phenology, and electronic circuit instability were the major problems. The chief steps in the development of capacitance instruments for estimating vegetation weight are discussed. The significance of each of the major problems has been greatly reduced by improvements in instrumentation. The technique of using electronic capacitance has now proved itself useful under a wide variety of range conditions.

Notes: The paper develops a model of the price determination of convertible loan stock in the UK, the parameters of which are then estimated. The methodology employed is essentially an extension of the premium adjusted approach, the convertible price being calculated by adjusting the value of the inherent equity for the various differences between the two forms of security such as arise in income entitlement, downward protection and marketability. Also the results using this model are compared with similar models developed from USA data, showing a remarkable degree of similarity.

Notes: The alluvial aquifer underlying and adjacent to the Mojave River near Barstow, California, has been subjected to degradation from percolation of industrial and municipal wastes for more than 60 years. Effluents discharged to the aquifer have contained high concentrations of both organic (detergents, oil and grease, phenols, humic compounds, and others) and inorganic (chromium, chloride, phosphates, and others) substances. The concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), as determined by a wet combustion technique, has been shown to be a definitive parameter in identifying ground water affected by waste disposal. DOC concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 0.8 milligram per liter in the nondegraded ground water and exceeded 6 milligrams per liter in the ground water affected by the waste discharge.The general distribution of DOC in the degraded ground water has been defined both areally and vertically. The vertical distribution of DOC and other constituents indicates that two plumes of degraded water occur at different depths. A comparison of the areal distribution of DOC and detergents (as MBAS) suggests that some organic compounds may have been adsorbed by the aquifer sediments.

Notes: A modified transient version of the Streeter-Phelps model along with the energy balance equation is employed to analyze the effects of waste heat discharge from power plants on stream water quality. Analysis is also made to examine the effects of the upstream water quality and stream velocity on the downstream DO concentration level. The resulting coupled nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations representing the energy, BOD and DO concentrations are solved by the method of characteristics and simulated on a digital computer. Final numerical results indicate that the allowable quantity of thermal discharge does heavily depend on the upstream quality.

Notes: Root distribution of Asclepias syriaca L. (common milkweed) was determined quantitatively in a tilled sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) field (A) and a non-tilled smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.) field (B) in 1971 and 1972. Fields also differed in soil profile, nutrient status, and pH. Roots of A. syriaca were found to depths of 210 and 373 cm in fields B and A, respectively. Average weight of roots removed from field A lo a depth of 210 cm was significantly greater than that from field B. Total root length removed from 0 to 15 cm in field A was significantly less than that or the 15 to 30 cm depth, but not in field B. As sampling depth increased, total length of rods less than 2 mm iii diameter increased. Maximum root diameter was observed ill the 0 to 15 cm depth in both fields. Root fragments 15 cm in length were capable of reproduction in the glasshouse when removed from depths down to 150 cm in both fields. Reproduction was not dependent on visible shoot buds being present. Maximum depth from which shoots emerged from roots in the field was 107 cm; however, most shoots emerged from roots in the upper 30 cm. Less than 40% of the total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) contained in roots was present at 0 to 15 cm. Répartition des racines et propagation végétaative d'Asclepias syriaca L.La repartition des racines d'Asclepias syriaca L. a été déterminée quantitativement dans une culture de sorgho sur labour (A) et dans un champ non labouré de brome inerme (Bromus inermis Leyss,) (B) on 1971 et 1972. Les deux champs différaient aussi en cc qui concerne le profil du sol, la fertilité et le pH. Des racines d'A. syriaca ont été trouvées à des profondeurs de 210 et 373 cm dans les champs B et A respectivement. Le poids moyen des racines extraites du champ A à une profondeur de 210 cm était significativement plus élevé qiie celui des racines du champ B. La longueur totale des racines extraites dans la couche 0–15 cm du champ A emit significativement inférieure à celles extraites de la coucne 15 à 30 cm. mais pas dans le champ B. La longeur totale des racines d'un diamétre inferieur à 2 millimètres crols$$ ayec la profondeur à laquelle l'échantillon avait ete prelevé, Le diamètre maximum des racines a été observé dans la couche 0–15 cm dans les deux champs. La propagation pas été en rapport avec les bourgeons présents sur les pousses visibles. La profondeur maximale à laquelle les racines ont pu donner des pousses a été de 107 cm; toutefois la plus grande partie des pousses étaient issues des racines situées dans les 30 premiers centimètres. Moins de 40% des carbohydrates non structuraux étaient contenus duns les racines situées entre 0 et 15 cm. Verteilung der Wurzoln und vegetative Vermehrung von Asclepias syriaca L.Die Verteilung der Wurzeln von Asclepias syriaca L. (Seiden-pflanze) wurde 1971 und 1972 in einem mit Hirse (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench) bestellten Feld (A)und in einem Bestand mit Unbegrannter Trespe (Bromus inermis Leyss.) (Fold B), quantitativ bestimmt. Weiterhin unterschieden sich die beiden Felder in: Bodenprofil. Nährstoffversorgung und pH, Wurzeln von A, syriaca wurden im Feld A bis zu einer Tiefe von 373 cm und im Feld B bis m 210 cm tief gefunden. Das durchschnittliche Wurzelgewicht bis zu einer Tiefe von 210 cm war im Feld A gesichert höher als das im Feld B. Die gesamte Wurzellänge, bezogen auf 0–15 cm Tiefe, war im Feld A gesichert grower als aus 15–30 cm Tiefe. Dies war jedoch im Feld B nicht der rail, Mit zunehmender Probentiefe nahm der Anteil der Wurzeln mit weniger als 2 mm Durch-messer zu. Die gröβten Wurzeldurchmesser kamen in beiden Feldern in der Tiefe von 0 bis 15 cm vor. Wurzelteile mit einer Länge von 15 cm aus 150 cm Tiefe beider Felder waren unter Gewächshaushedingungen in der Lage sich zu vermehren. Die Vermehrune war nicht von sichtbaren Sproβknospen abhängig. Die gröβte Tiefe aus der Sprosse im Feld aus Wurzeln austrieben, war 107 cm. Die meisten Sprosse trieben aber aus Wurzeln der oberen 30 cm aus. Weniger als 40% des Gesamt-Nicht-Slrukturkohlenhydrats der Wurzeln, war in der Zone 0 bis 15 cm.