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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (7)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (1)
  • 1970-1974  (8)
  • 1972  (8)
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  • 1970-1974  (8)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 162 (1972), S. 19-30 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde gezeigt, daß sich in Hochdruck-Polyäthylen in der Nähe der Schmelztemperatur und unter bestimmten Bedingungen in bezug auf Orientierung und Druck, wie sie im Instron-Extrusions-Kapillar-Rheometer vorliegen, ungewöhnliche morphologische Strukturen ausbilden. Die bemerkenswert hohe optische Transparenz und die Spannungsmoduln der in diesen Fäden vorliegenden morphologischen Gebilde waren Gegenstände der Untersuchungen. Einzelheiten des Kristallisationsverfahrens werden beschrieben. Die morphologischen Strukturen, die sich bei dem „Instron-Verfahren“ herausbilden, wurden mit Hilfe von röntgenographischen, kalorimetrischen, mikroskopischen und mechanischen Messungen untersucht. Die transparenten Fasern setzen sich aus einer großen Zahl von Mikrofibrillen, die einen hohen kristallinen Orientierungsgrad parallel zur Kapillarachse bestizen, zusammen. Elektronenbeugung und kalorimetrische Untersuchungen zeigen, daß ein Teil der Fasern einen ungewöhnlich hohen Ordnungsgrad besitzt. Es werden Strukturmodelle für die Fasern vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: Unusual morphologies have been shown to be produced in high density polyethylene near its melting point and under selective conditions of orientation and pressure existing in an Instron capillary extrusion rheometer. Points of study involve the remarkably high optical clarity and tensile moduli for the morphologies produced in these filaments. Details of the crystallization procedure are provided. The morphologies resulting from the Instron procedure have been analyzed by several different techniques. X-ray, calorimetry, microscopy and modulus data are discussed. The transparent filaments are composed of a large number of microfibers having a high degree of crystalline orientation parallel to the capillary axis. Electron diffraction and calorimetric studies indicate that a portion of the strands have an unusually high degree of order. Structural models for the strands are also proposed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 647-656 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In order to investigate the role of solid morphology on molecular relaxation in crystaline polymers, the effect of melting on the α relaxation in poly(hexamethylene sebacamide) (nylon 610) was measured dielectrically. It was found that the α loss peak was continuous into the melt with respect to location in the frequency-temperature domain and with respect to the shape of the peak. However, the strength of the process, as measured by the difference in the relaxed and unrelaxed dielectric constants, was discontinuous on melting, the process being much stronger in the melt. These observations are consistent with a two-phase model of discrete crystalline and amorphous regions. The relaxation takes place in the amorphous regions, and melting creates more of this material but does not greatly after its nature. The correlation of the amount of amorphous material as measured by dielectric relaxation with that infrared from density measurements is discussed for nylon610, polyoxymethylene, and poly(ethylene oxide).
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 877-886 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Several important aspects of the flow in polymer melts through capillaries remain unexplored. This paper examines experimentally one such effect associated with the radial shear-stress gradient in capillaries. During capillary melt flow of a polymer with a wide molecular weight distribution, migration of the large molecules away from the region of highest shear stress, i.e., at the capillary wall, has been predicted but only modestly investigated. This effect has the potential to produce a molecular weight spectrum over the cross section of extruded polymer. Studies of distribution in shear were conducted on a well-characterized wide-distribution polystyrene (M̄w = 234,000). An Instron Rheometer equipped with a long capillary (length/diameter ratio of 66.7) was used to perform the extrusion at temperatures of 160-250°C. A solvent coring procedure was used to dissolve away concentric layers of polymer from the extrudate for molecular weight analyses. The method has been shown to cut clean sections without selective extraction. Values of M̄w, M̄n and M̄w/M̄n were calculated from complete molecular weight distribution data obtained by calibrated gel permeation chromatography. For a wide range of shear rates and temperatures, no evidence for molecular fractionation was observed. Shear degradation of this polymer was found to be small. However, at high shear rates at 250°C, evidence indicating extensive shear-induced thermal degradation was found. No evidence for oxidative degradation at the extrudate surface was found at either low or high shear rates at this temperature.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1135-1143 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The Melting of various polyethylene structures is compared by using data obtained on the Perkin-Elmer differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Transparent, high-density samples crystallized under both orientation and pressure in the Instron capillary rheometer are compared with samples crystallized from dilute solution by stirring and with samples crystallized under high pressure. The latter two structures are assumed to contain extended-chain crystallites. By comparison, the melting points and the superheatability of the Instron samples are consistent with the presence of an extended-chain crystal component. The melting of irradiated samples crystallized in the rheometer is also observed to be consistent with this conclusion. In addition, DSC data are compared with the melting points defined with a polarized light microscope equipped with a hot stage.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1639-1655 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The viscoelastic (VE) response of freeze-dried blends of polystyrene (PS) and poly-(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide) (PPO) has been studied as a function of composition, frequency, and temperature to examine the degree of rheological compatibility. When blended together, the relaxation processes of both molecular species exhibit the same temperature dependence. However, the temperature dependence of the VE response is a function of composition. It is shown that this behavior can be predicted from the measured glass transition temperatures by assuming the additivity of the free volumes of the components. The properties of the blends are compared at equal free volumes. The effective segmental friction factor is found to be independent of composition while the modulus of the rubbery plateau increases with PPO concentration. This result is interpreted as a change in the entanglement molecular weight Me of the blends. When the changes in Me are considered, the relationship between the zero-shear viscosity η0 and the 3.4 power of the weight-average molecular weight, commonly found for high molecular weight homopolymers, predicts the compositional dependence of η0 for the PPO-PS blends. It is concluded that the PPO-PS system forms a rheologically compatible blend.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 217-236 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Changes in the internal morphology of lint cotton fibers during purification and swelling treatments were investigated by measurement of nitrogen adsorption at liquid nitrogen temperature. Surface areas and pore size distributions were calculated from the adsorption isotherms and compared with findings from measurements of changes in crystallinity and in fibrillar aggregation as shown by electron micrographs. The adsorption measurements were made on fibers which were either preswollen in water or taken from the rinse water after treatment and solvent exchanged through methanol and n-pentane to helium. The large changes found in surface area, pore size distribution, and fibrillar aggregation were accompanied by changes in crystal structure in fibers treated with 5.0M sodium hydroxide. Large changes following treatment with phosphoric acid occurred in pore structure and fibrillar aggregation without concomitant change in crystallinity.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 237-254 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Changes in the internal morphology of chemically modified lint cotton fibers were investigated by measurement of nitrogen adsorption at liquid nitrogen temperature. Surface areas and pore size distributions were calculated from the adsorption isotherms and compared with findings from measurements of changes in crystallinity and of fibrillar aggregation as shown by electron micrographs. Fibers were either preswollen in water or taken from the rinse water and solvent exchanged through methanol and n-pentane to helium before adsorption measurements were made. Unless reacted in the presence of water, the wrinkle resistance treatments studied caused losses in surface area of 55% or greater. Changes in surface area and porosity of cottons reacted with monofunctional reagents designed to give protective and other types of finishes were dependent on the type of reaction used.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Gust-alleviation benefits for aircraft employing an unconventional wing, free to pivot about a spanwise axis forward of its aerodynamic center and subject only to aerodynamic pitching moments imposed by lift and drag forces and a trailing-edge control surface are reviewed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-2046
    Format: application/pdf
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