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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculation method for the response time to step inputs for approximate dynamic models of distillation columns (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1243-1252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A calculation method to determine the response time to be used for approximate mathematical models is developed for the dynamic behavior of distillation columns. Previous work has shown that the concept of Inventory time can be successfully used to approximate the response time, that is, the 60% point of the step response, of distillation columns operating at a high degree of separation. A modified version of the inventory time method, based on the minimum change of storage, has been developed to predict the response time for other ranges of separation within reasonable bounds of error, ± 10%. Only steady state and design data were used. A rigorous nonlinear simulation generates the steady state and transient data upon which the approximate models are based.While the modified inventory time method developed cannot handle every possible operating condition with the desired degree of accuracy, it has been shown to apply over a much wider range of operating conditions than the original inventory time method.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180623
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A semi-empirical approach to the viscosities of polyelectrolyte solutions (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 171-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The concentration dependence of the reduced viscosity of a number of polyelectrolytes was found to be adequately described by the equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm \eta }_{sp} /c = [{\rm \eta }]_\infty [1 + k/\sqrt c ] $\end{document} as long as the concentration is not too low. The parameter [η]∞ represents the intrinsic viscosity of the well-shielded polyion and corresponds to values of [η] determined in salt solutions and may possibly correspond to the theory of Harris and Rice on polyion expansion. Heuristic arguments based in part on the work of Katchalsky et al. lead to a definite expression for the parameter k in terms of molecular properties. This result shows that the above equation is valid only for strong polyelectrolytes with constant activity coefficients of counterion. The calculated values of k agree well with experiment except when specific intramolecular interactions (e.g., internal hydrogen bonding) occur. For highly charged polyions we find, surprisingly, that k depends only on the properties of the polymer backbone and not on electrical properties.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100113
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermomechanical behavior of rubberlike materials (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1681-1689 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A simple form of nonisothermal free energy function A(λ1, λ2, λ3, T) for rubberlike materials results from postulating that the entropy is a separable symmetric function of the extension ratios λi along the principal strain directions and considering the fundamental properties of rubberlike materials, i.e., that rubber elasticity is associated primarily with changes in entropy and the variation of elastic tension with changes in temperature is linear. The explicit representation of A is reduced to the Valanis-Landel strain energy function for isothermal cases.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100904
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complementary DNA base interactions: Application of recently refined electrostatic interaction theory (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 1217-1234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electrostatic interactions between the DNA bases in the Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding configuration are examined in both the molecular and the atomic multipole representation using three different methods of calculation: (a) CNDO wave functions and definitions of moments, (b) IEHT wave functions and division of two-center densities and (c) IHET wave functions with equally divided overlap densities. It is shown that the inclusion in the interaction series of terms at least as high as the quadrupole-quadrupole is required to quantitatively characterize the interactions. Convergence is more rapid with the atomic multipole representation and is unaffected by the type of assignment of formal charges. A quantitative approach to the problem of the role of electrostatic interactions in hydrogen bonding in DNA is thus provided, with obvious impact on the investigation of molecular recognition processes.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1972.360110608
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acidity Constants of the Thienyl- and Phenyl-Pyridines and Stability Constants of the Corresponding Copper (II) 1:1 Complexes (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 55 (1972), S. 610-613 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The acidity constants of the six thienyl- and the three phenyl-pyridines, and the stability constants of the corresponding Cu2+ 1:1 complexes were determined in aqueous solution (I = 0.1, NaCIO4; 25°). The basicity of the pyridyl group is increased by a shift of a thienyl or phenyl group in the order 2 〈 3 〈 4 and the influence of the 2′-thienyl group is greater than that of the 3′-thienyl group. The stability of the Cu2+ 1:1 complexes formed with 3- and 4-substituted pyridines is only dependent on their basicity, as is commonly observed for structurally related ligands and their complexes. Due to steric hindrance the complexes of the 2-substituted derivatives are less stable by about 1.5 log units. There is no evidence that the aromatic bonded sulfur of 2-(2′-thienyl)-pyridine participates in complex formation with Cu2+, in opposition to an earlier claim [1].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19720550233
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A preliminary study of thermoluminescence in polypropylene (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 10 (1972), S. 2101-2105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.180101022
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AB-based NMR systems. Choice of bounds for θ in trigonometric forms of co-factors in mixed wave-functions (1972)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Labelling problems associated with the choice of bounds for the angle θ in the trigonometric forms of the co-factor expressions for levels in AB-based NMR spectra have been investigated. It has been shown that any pair of octants within the 0 → 2π range can be specified as bounds, provided that appropriate linear combinations of wave functions are chosen. The range 0 ≤ θ ≤ π/2 is preferred for simplicity in calculation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1270040108
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of the metathetical reaction between carbon tetrachloride and toluene (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 405-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A metathetical reaction between carbon tetrachloride and toluene to give benzyl chloride and chloroform occurs at temperatures above 200°C (k = 4.8 × 1010 e-32,900/RT cc mole-1sec-1). The reaction does not involve free radicals, as is shown by the kinetic behavior of the system, by the lack of effect of added free-radical chain inhibitors, and by the absence of the expected chain termination product, hexachloroethane. The reaction is one of a general type between carbon tetrachloride and alkanes or alkylaromatics, but at the temperatures required it is often obscured by dehydrohalogenation of the product to the highly reactive olefin. At high temperatures, benzyl chloride reacts with toluene to give bibenzyl and hydrogen chloride, apparently also by a metathetical reaction. The transition state is postulated to be four-center, in which the carbon-chlorine and carbon-hydrogen bonds are broken and reformed: The experimental preexponential factor is in good agreement with that calculated from transition-state theory.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550040405
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the finite deflection of thin viscoelastic beams (1972)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 5 (1972), S. 271-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A direct numerical method is presented for the solution of a class of non-linear integro-differential equations which arise in the finite deflection of thin viscoelastic beams. The method is not iterative and thus avoids the convergence problems often associated with iterative methods. The analysis and results are given for the deflection of a uniformly loaded cantilever.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620050212
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced graft copolymerization of styrene to cellulosePart of this paper was presented at the symposium “Graft Polymerization onto Cellulose” during the 161st National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Los Angeles, March 28-April 2, 1971. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 1017-1037 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The radiation-induced graft copolymerization of styrene to cellulose has been studied in vacuo at 30°C and at dose rates from (0.37 to 8.73) × 10-2 W/kg. Dioxan was used as solvent for monomer and polystyrene homopolymer, and water (2% total volume) was incorporated as swelling agent for cellulose. The concentration of styrene in the bulk medium was varied from 0.432 to 3.46 moles/l., and the rates of both grafting and homopolymerization were shown to be proportional to [monomer] · [intensity]1/2. The value of 3.3 × 10-4 l. mole-1 sec-1 derived for kp2/kt in homopolymerization is similar to that for normal free-radical polymerization of styrene. However, reduced termination during grafting yielded a much higher value (58 l. moles-1 sec-1). Degradation of cellulose in the absence of monomer was followed viscometrically, and values of 13.5 and 24.6 were derived for G (scission) in vacuo and in air, respectively.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1972.070160420
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