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  • Chemical Engineering  (85)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (82)
  • 1970-1974  (107)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1950-1954
  • 1977  (82)
  • 1972  (107)
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  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (82)
  • 1970-1974  (107)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1950-1954
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of time-delay systems (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 380-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A direct method is presented for determining both local and regional stability of systems described by nonlinear differential-difference equations. Prediction of stability is with respect to a general class of initial curves. The practical as well as the conservative nature of the procedure is demonstrated by a numerical example.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180221
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleation kinetics of the potassium sulfate-water system (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 798-807 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Secondary nucleation in the potassium sulfate-water system occurs by micro-attrition processes over the entire 1.3-26 μ size range of this study. Experimental nucleation rates were correlated with power-law kinetics expressions in terms of supersaturation, the fourth moment of the parent seed-crystal distribution, and stirring rate. Such kinetics expressions are similar to those used to correlate MSMPR data; however, the secondary nucleation rates of this paper are two orders of magnitude greater than those reported in previous MSMPR studies of the same system. An upper bound on growth rate of these nuclei was calculated based on a population balance analysis; maximum growth rates of these nuclei was markedly size-dependent in the 1.3-26 micron size range of measurement, decreasing with decreasing size. The apparent descrepancy between these nucleation rates and MSMPR values can be explained by nuclei washout during the low growth rate period. Anomalous MSMPR kinetics (low or even negative supersaturation power-law dependence) can be explained by this growth phenomenon.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180423
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal catalyst distribution in a dual enzyme sequential system (1977)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 23 (1977), S. 319-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The dual enzyme sequential reactions that decompose arginine to ammonia were investigated experimentally to determine appropriate rate equations and to test predictions of optimal distribution of the two enzymes (arginase and urease) immobilized in a packed-bed reactor.The kinetics of this system were experimentally found to be of the kind that calls for a bang-band control with a well-defined switching point between the two immobilized enzyme catalysts. At low values of reactor residence time, the optimum switching point is shown to approach a limiting position which depends on the kinetic order of the second reaction. In the higher ranges of residence time, the switching point moves into the latter half of the reactor, but exceptions to this generalization are found when Michaelis-Menten kinetics are applicable to both reactions. For the special circumstance where the two reactions are of zero and first order, respectively, the optimal distribution of the two catalysts is independent of the first rate constant. The experimental results are, in general, consistent with these expectations, and secondary deviations are discussed. A suboptimal policy alternative is also treated analytically and tested by experiment.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690230315
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interfacial instability and spontaneous formation of microemulsions (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1116-1120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Microemulsions, which are optically transparent oil-water dispersions, were spontaneously produced upon mixing hexadecane, hexanol, potassium oleate, and water in specific proportions. The drop-volume measurements of hexadecane-water interface in the presence of hexanol or potassium oleate revealed that these surfactants decrease the interracial tension of the hexadecane/water interface. It is proposed that the interaction between these two emulsifiers at the oil-water interface causes spontaneous negative interfaical tension resulting in interfacial instability and the formation of microemulsions.As the amount of water is increased, the microemulsion exhibits a clear to turbid to clear transition. Unlike the clear regions, the turbid region possesses birefringence. The development of birefringence is also accompanied by a sharp decrease in electrical resistance. High-resolution (220 Mc) nuclear magnetic resonance data suggest that water exists in two distinct environments or structures in the birefringent region. The electrical, birefringence, and nuclear magnetic resonance data agree with the proposed mechanism of phase-inversion of microemulsions, which can be described as water spheres to water cylinders to water lamellae to a continuous water phase. The spontaneous formation of such structures (for example, water cylinders and lamellae) presumably depends upon the phase-volume ratio and the interfacial tension at the oil-water interface.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180605
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyrite oxidation in aqueous ferric chloride (1977)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 23 (1977), S. 679-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rate of pyrite oxidation in aqueous ferric chloride was determined for two distinct solid particle systems: industrial grade pyrite and coal particles containing pyrite. The oxidation rate for the pyrite particle system was found to increase significantly with increasing temperature (40° to 100°C), ferric chloride concentration (0.1 and 1.0 M), and pyrite loading (2 to 20 g/l); the rate decreased with increasing particle size (-325 to 140 mesh). Agitation did not have a significant effect, and a kinetic model was developed and fit to the experimental data.For the coal particle system used in this study, the most important variable was particle size. The oxidation rate of pyrite in coal smaller than 325 mesh was much greater than in larger coal particles. The effect of temperature (80° to 100°C) on the oxidation of pyrite in coal was not significant, nor was the effect of pretreatment with 0.1N hydrochloric acid. Approximately half of the detected ferric iron reduction was attributable to pyrite oxidation; the balance arises from other coal reactions.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690230509
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyisocyanurate foams (1972)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 12 (1972), S. 167-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An experimental program was conducted to study the thermochemical and flammability characteristics of an improved polyisocyanurate foam, uncoated and coated either with fluorinated copolymer or an intumescent material. Testing methods included thermal analysis; scanning electron microscopy; infrared photography; infrared spectroscopy; HLT-15, ASTM D-1692, Bureau of Mines Penetration, and XP-2 smoke chamber flammability tests; limiting oxygen index (LOI); and a moderate-scale fire simulation test. The uncoated and coated foams were found to have excellent flammability and insulation characteristics, although smoke development was substantial.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760120303
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscoelastic properties of homogeneous block copolymers (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 560-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The molecular theory of Rouse-Bueche-Zimm has been modified to predict the viscoelastic behavior of homogeneous block copolymers. The model consists of beads and springs whose magnitudes correspond to the types of blocks in the polymer. Maximum relaxation times can be computed by this model. Viscoelastic data for poly(styrene-b-α-methyl styrene-b-styrene), poly(α-methyl styrene-b-styrene-b-α-methylstyrene) and poly(styrene-b-α-methyl styrene) were determined by stress relaxation methods. The results compare favorably with those predicted by the theory.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170811
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small angle X-ray scattering from block polymers. II. The bulk state (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 598-605 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The basic theory of X-ray scattering is applied to various hypothetical models for the bulk state of block polymers in order to explain the angular dependent scattering. The intensity of scattering is calculated for a rnicellar model, a zone model, and a molecular dumbbell model. The molecular dumbbell model, in contrast to the micellar and zone models, assumes that a block copolymer containing domains may be treated as one giant molecule and that, therefore, the locations of the domains are not random but are governed by the statistics of the segments which interconnect them. Experimental and calculated scattering curves are compared for several different types of block polymers.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170817
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competitive in vivo proliferation of foetal and adult haematopoietic cells in lethally irradiated mice (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 79 (1972), S. 293-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The relative proliferative capacity of haematopoietic cell populations derived from 22-week-old adult bone marrow and 14-18 day foetal liver has been studied in lethally irradiated syngeneic recipients by means of chromosome markers. Although starting at a disadvantage in terms of the number of colony-forming units (stem cells) injected, the foetal liver-derived populations steadily increased their relative numbers in the myeloid and lymphoid tissues over a period of several weeks until a plateau was reached. It is suggested that stem cells in foetal liver have, on average, a higher intrinsic capacity for self-renewal than do those in bone marrow, and that this capacity falls to the adult level within about ten weeks of transfer.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040790214
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lymphopoiesis in the rat. II. The effect of thymectomySupported by grant IC-18A from the American Cancer Society, grant AI-08642 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease and grant 211-12-E(13) from the National Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Association, Inc. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 80 (1972), S. 13-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Lymphopoiesis with respect to recirculating and non-recirculating small lymphocytes was measured simultaneously in rats thymectomized as adults. Removal of the thymus at four to five weeks of age had a profound inhibitory effect upon the production of recirculating cells, whereas the formation of non-recirculating lymphocytes was only slightly depressed. Thymectomy had approximately the same impact of lymphopoiesis as thymectomy and exposure of the animal to a large dose of whole body X- and γ-irradiation. The latter finding, and the failure of a thoracic duct cell transfusion to augment lymphocyte production, accord with the view that the thymus is the principle intermediate source of recirculating small lymphocytes in the normal, unstimulated animal.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040800103
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