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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 2622-2628 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Cyclobutenediones, XX. Synthesis and Reactivity of p-substituted PhenylcyclobutenedionesAddition of chlorotrifluoroethylene (2) to (p-nitrophenyl)acetylene (1a) and (p-methoxyphenyl)acetylene (1b) affords the cyclobutenes 3a and 3b, respectively. On treatment with sulfuric acid the cyclobutenediones 4a, b were obtained and examined with regard to their reactivity.
    Notes: Die Addition von Trifluorchloräthylen (2) an [p-Nitro-phenyl]-acetylen (1a) bzw. [p-Methoxy-phenyl]-acetylen (1b) liefert die Cyclobutene 3a, b, die beim Behandeln mit Schwefelsäure in die entsprechenden Cyclobutendione 4a, b übergehen. 4a, b werden hinsichtlich ihrer Reaktivität untersucht.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 83 (1971), S. 672-690 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Systeme aus monomolekularen Schichten können Funktionseinheiten bilden, welche Eigenschaften entfalten, die den Einzelschichten fehlen. So findet z. B. bei UV-Bestrahlung ein Energieübergang von einer Sensibilisator-(S-) Schicht auf eine Acceptor-(A-) Schicht statt, der sich durch Fluoreszenz von A zu erkennen gibt. S und A können Cyaninfarbstoffe sein. Monomolekulare Schichten lassen sich vielfältig manipulieren und zu neuartigen Systemen zusammensetzen; nach der Energieübertragungsmethode kann geprüft werden, ob der gewünschte Aufbau tatsächlich vorliegt. Die Schichtaufbautechnik eignet sich auch zur Untersuchung der Desaktivierung angeregter Moleküle; ein interessantes Beispiel ist die spektrale Sensibilisierung des photographischen Prozesses.
    Additional Material: 34 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: A polystyrene of high molecular weight was investigated by means of light scattering in isoerefractive polymer/benzene mixtures. Two or three of the following polymers are used, which are isorefractive with benzene: polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polybutadienne (PB), and polyisobutene (PIB). It is possible to determine the degree of incompatibility of the „unvisible“ polymers by a comparison of the ϑ-points of PS in the multi-component systems with the ϑ-points PS in the ternary systems PS/polymer(2)/benzene. In all cases it turned out, that the degree of compatibility of PS with the other polymers increased by a further addition of a chemical different polymer.
    Notes: Ein hochmolekulares Polystyrol (PS) wurde in isorefraktiven Polymer-Benzol- gemischen mittels Lichtstreuung untersucht. Die mit Benzol isorefraktiven Polymeren bestanden aus zwei oder drei der folgenden Komponenten: Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA), Polybutadien (PB), und Polyisobutylen (PIB). Durch einen Vergleich der in den quanternären bzw. quintären Systemen erhaltenen ϑ-Punkte des PS mit den aus früheren Untersuchungen bekannten ϑ-Punkte des PS in den ternären Systemen PS/Polymeres(2)/Benzol konnte man die-Unverträglichkeit der „unsichtbaren“ Polymeren untereinander beurteilen. In allen Fällen wird durch die Zugabe eines weiteren chemisch differierenden Polymeren die Verträglichkeit des PS mit den anderen Polymeren verbessert.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: High molecular weight Poly-α-methylstyrene was investigated by means of light scattering in the isorefractive polymer/solvent mixture Polymethylmethacrylate/benzene. The dependence of the scattering on the concentrations could be interpreted theoretically in terms of the Stockmayer light scattering theory for multicomponent systems.It turns out that Poly-α-methylstyrene is essentially more compatible in Polymethylmethacrylate/benzene compared with polystyrene. This is valid not only in solution but also in the solid state.In agreement with this better compatibility the decrease in the radii of gyration of the poly-α-methylstyrene is less pronounced than that of the radii of the polystyrene if polymethylmethacrylate is added.
    Notes: Ein hochmolekulares Poly-α-methylstyrol wurde im isorefraktiven Polymer-Lösungsmittelgemisch Polymethylmethacrylat/Benzol mittels Lichtstreuung untersucht. Die gemessenen Konzentrationsabhängigkeiten konnten unter Anwendung dez STOCKMAYERschen Lichtstreuungstheorie für Mehrkomponentensysteme interpretiert werden.Der Vergleich mit unseren vorhergehenden Arbeiten zeigt, daß Poly-α-methylstyrol mit Polymethylmethacrylat wesentlich besser verträglich ist als Polystyrol. Dies gilt nicht nur in benzolischer Lösung, sondern auch im Festzustand. Entsprechend der besseren verträglichkeit ist auch der Gang der Trägheitsradien des Poly-α-methylstyrols mit der Polymethylmethacrylat-Konzentration in benzolischer Lösung weniger ausgeprägt als der der Radien des Polystyrols.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Results are reported on incompatibility measurements of a high molecular weight polystyrene (PS) and poly-α-methylstyrene (P-α-MS) in the nearly isorefractive polymer/solvent mixtures polyisobutylen (PIB)/benzene by means of the light scattering method. It turns out that the degree of compatibility of both systems, PS/PIB/benzene and P-α-MS/PIB/benzene is nearly equal and very low. The measurements of the cloud points agreed very well with these results. Measurements with other polymer systems allowed to predict the equality of the compatibility of PS and P-α-MS with PIB; the degree of incompatibility, however could not be predicted.
    Notes: Ein hochmolekulares Polystyrol (PS) und ein Poly-α-methylstyrol (P-α-MS) wurden im nahezu isorefraktiven Polymer-Lösungsmittel-Gemisch Polyisobutylen (PIB)/Benzol mittels Lichstreuung untersucht. Es zeigte sich, daß die Verträglichkeits-grade beider Systeme PS/PIB/Benzol und P-α-MS/PIB/Benzol etwa gleich und sehr gering sind. Messungen der ersten visuellen Trübungspunkte bestätigen dies. Aufgrund früherer Untersuchungen mit anderen Polymersystemen konnte die Gleicheit der Verträglichkeitsgrade von PS und P-α-MS mit PIB, jedoch nicht die Große der Unverträglichkeit, vorausgesagt werden.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Results are reported on incompatibility measurements of a high molecular weight polystyrene of poly-α-methylstyrene in the isorefractive polymer solvent mixtures polybutadiene/benzene and polyisoprene/benzene respectively by means of the light scattering method. It turns out that polystyrene in cis-1,4-polybutadiene/benzene mixtures is more incompatible as in configurationally non-uniform polybutadiene/benzene mixtures. Furthermore the measurements showed that the incompatibility of polystyrene with cis-1,4-polybutadiene and with cis-1,4-polyisoprene is practically identical.Whereas the degree of incompatibility of polystyrene and poly-α-methylstyrene with polybutadienes in benzene is also nearly the same the incompatibility of polystyrene with cis-1,4-polyisoprene/benzene however is much greater than with poly-α-methylstyrene.An empirical interpretation of these and of former results on other polymer system is discussed.
    Notes: Ein hochmolekulares Polystyrol und ein Poly-α-methylstyrol wurden in den nahezu isorefraktiven Polymer-Lösungsmittelgemischen Polybutadien/Benzol und Polyisoprene/Benzol mittels Lichtstreuung untersucht. Es zeigte sich, daß Polystyrol mit cis-1,4-Polybutadien in benzolischer Lösung weinger verträglich ist als mit konfigurativ uneinheitlichem Polybutadien. Hingegen ist die Verträglichkeit von Polystyrol mit cis-1,4-Polybutadien und cis-1,4-Polyisoprene nehezu gleich.Während die Verträglichkeit des Polystyrols und des Poly-α-methylstyrols mit Polybutadienen fast dieselbe ist, ist Polystyrol mit 1,4-cis-Polyisoprene wesentlich unverträglicher als Poly-α-methylstyrol. Eine empirische Interpreation auf Grund dieser und früherer Ergebnisse mit anderen Polymersystemen wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 54 (1971), S. 1451-1466 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By CNDO-CI calculations we have found that dicarbonyl compounds exhibit only two n → π* transitions in the visible or near UV. region, instead of four as expected from simpler MO-models. The dominant features of the long-wavelength electronic spectra may be characterized by the relative energy of the two n and the two lowest π* orbitals. In general we distinguish between three cases: Large splitting (about 2 eV) both between the n and the π* orbitals. The longest-wavelength n → π* transition is shifted to the red. The higher transition remains roughly where it would appear in the monocarbonyl compound.No or very small splitting between either the two n, or the two π* orbitals, or both. Both n → π* transitions merge, roughly, in the wavelength region of the corresponding monocarbonyl compound.Intermediate (0.5-1.0 eV) splitting between the two n orbitals on one hand, the two π* orbitals on the other. Spectral properties between A. and B.The splitting between the two n orbitals and the two π* orbitals depends not only on the distance between the two carbonyl groups, but also very strongly on their mutual position and on the nature of the molecular fragment connecting them. As one would expect, in α-dicarbonyl compounds the splitting between the n orbitals is large, namely 1.8 eV. In some γ-diketones such as P-quinone, one still finds, however, a value of 0.7 eV. The splitting between the n orbitals gets significantly lowered if the two carbonyl groups are coaxial, but their 2pπ nodal planes are perpendicular to each other. In planar β-diketones the splitting between the π* orbitals is small, but may increase to an effective value of 0.4 eV when they are skewed.Our calculations agree well with measured electronic spectra and CD. data. An electrochromism experiment on camphorquinone convincingly supports our conclusions on α-dicarbonyl compounds.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 54 (1971), S. 2260-2277 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A general review is given of the UV.-spectroscopic properties of some simple molecules containing the NβN and NβO bond, respectively. The electronic structure of nitrosomethane, azomethane, trimethylamine oxide, azomethane N,N'-dioxide, nitromethane, methyl nitrite are reinvestigated by the SCF-CI method, within the frame of the all-valence CNDO procedure. These calculations confirm a number of older assignments, but also allow predictions concerning some not settled questions. For instance, nitroalkanes should exhibit not one but two n-π* transitions, namely at 275 nm and around 350 nm. This prediction agrees with conclusions by Djerassi and co-workers on the spectra of some nitrosteroids.Particular attention is given to the symmetry and relative energetic position of nonbonding orbitals. The question of “ basicity” and “ease of protonation” is discussed in relation to it. Calculations on the overall charge distribution complement this investigation.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 10 (1971), S. 620-637 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Monolayers ; Layered compounds ; Surface chemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Systems of monomolecular layers can form functional units having properties not exhibited by the individual layers. On UV irradiation, for example, an energy transfer takes place from a sensitizer (S) layer to an acceptor (A) layer and results in fluorescence of A. S and A may be cyanine dyes. Monomolecular layers can be manipulated in many ways and combined to construct novel systems; the energy transfer method can be used to establish whether the desired structure has in fact been produced. The monolayer assembling technique can also be used for the investigation of the deactivation of excited molecules; an interesting example is the spectral sensitization of the photographic process.
    Additional Material: 34 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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