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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (34)
  • Gas chromatography
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (34)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • American Meteorological Society
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (34)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1971  (34)
Collection
Publisher
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (34)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • American Meteorological Society
Years
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (34)
  • 1950-1954
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 453-461 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Surface reactions of aldehydes and nitriles induced by high electric fields have been studied mass spectrometrically. Some general phenomena are demonstrated for the case of surface reactions of crotonaldehyde. The field ionization (FI) mass spectra of polar substances depend strongly on whether the organic micro needles on the FI emitter have a tight or a porous structure. Proton transfer reactions are observed with most of the polar substances. They can be reduced if the emitter surface is covered with a strongly adsorbed substance which does not react with the polar substance. The originally dense micro needle structure may change to a porous structure. The FI mass spectra of polar substances may then change drastically with time because of capillary condensation or multilayer formation.Raising the emitter temperature decreases the intensity of the fragment and dimeric ions of polar substances which form multilayers on the emitter surface. Thermal desorption of the multilayers reduces the number of reactions occurring therein. Even at high temperatures (750°C) the reduction of fragment intensities due to the multilayer removal is more pronounced than the increase of fragment intensities due to thermal bond rupture, provided that the C,N,O-skeleton of the molecules is composed of strong bonds like conjugated double bonds, or that it has a cyclic structure.It is shown that the FI mass spectra of benzonitrile are much simpler than those of some aliphaticnitriles, and that the mechanisms of field polymerization are different in both cases.
    Notes: Oberflächenreaktionen von Aldehyden und Nitrilen bei hoher elektrischer Feldstärke wurden rnassenspektrometrisch untersucht. Einige allgemeine Erscheinungen werden für den Fall von Oberflächenreaktionen von Crotonaldehyd aufgezeigt. Die Feldionisations Massenspektren (FI) polarer Substanzen hängen stark davon ab, ob die organischen Mikronadeln auf dem FI-Emitter eine dichte oder eine poröse Struktur hahen. Protonentransfer-Reaktionen werden mit den meisten polaren Substanzen beobachtet. Sie können reduziert werden, wenn die Emitteroberfläche mit einer stark adsorbierten Substanz bedeckt wird, die nicht mit der polaren Substanz reagiert. Die ursprünglich dichte Struktur der Mikronadel kann sich zu einer porösen Struktur wandeln. Die FI-Massenspektren polarer Substanzen können sich dann im Laufe der Zeit wegen Kapillarkondensation oder der Bildung von Multischichten drastisch verändern.Die Erhöhung der Emittertemperatur verringert die Intensität der Fragment- und dimeren Ionen der polaren Substanzen, die Multischichten auf der Emitteroberfläche bilden. Thermische Desorption der Multischichten verringert die Anzahl der in ihnen vorkommenden Reaktionen. Selbst bei hohen Temperaturen (750° C) ist die Reduzierung von Fragmentintensitäten infolge des Abbaus der Multischichten ausgeprägter als diezunahmevon Fragmentintensitäten infolge thermischer Bindungsbrüche, vorausgesetzt daß das C, N, O-Gerüst der Moleküle entweder aus starken Bindungen, wie konjugierten Doppelbindungen zusammengesetzt ist, oder da13 es eine zyklische Striktur hat.Es wird gezeigt, daß die FI-Massenspektren der Benzonitrile wesentlich einfacher sind als die einiger aliphatischer Nitrile, und daß die Mechanismen der Feldpolyrnerisation in beiden Fällen verschieden sind.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 405-416 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Infinite dilution data for six sulphur heterocycles have been obtained from second order analyses of their NMR spectra in CS2, CDCl3, CD3COCD3, or C6D6. Use of LAOCOON3 leads to accurate chemical shifts, but substantial errors remain in some of the coupling constants. Evidence is presented of specific association of chloroform with the sulphur heterocycles and of the interaction of acetone with the sulphur atom. An apparently anomalous geometry for the complex of benzene with thiophen and with other solutes is discussed. Dilution effects are considered in relation to the formation of solute dimers.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 45-74 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: We have studied the temperature dependence of NMR spectra of six spirophosphoranes of the general formula: Experimental data show intramolecular isomerism which was explained by pseudo-rotation mechanism (Berry, Lit. 1).In all cases except one we also observed tautomerism between spirophosphorane and phosphite forms.
    Notes: Nous avons étudié la variation, en fonction de la température, des spectres de RMN de six spirophosphoranes des types: Les résultats expérimentaux indiquent l'existence d'une isomérie intramoléculaire que nous avons interprétée en adoptant le mécanisme de pseudo-rotation proposé par Berry.1Dans tous les cas, sauf un, le déplacement de l'équilibre tautomère spirophosphorane ⇌ phosphite s'ajoute an phénomène d'isomérie observé.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 289-295 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of 1,2-dichloro-3,4-bis(dichloromethylene)cyclobutene (IV) and of hexachloropentafulvene (II) have been studied. Compound IV cannot be an intermediate in the formation of II from octachloro-1,2-dimethylenecyclobutane (III) under electron-impact, as previously suggested. In the mass spectra of II and IV the species [C6]+ and [C5]+ occur, obviously through cleavage of the semicyclic C-C bond.The mass spectrum of pentachlorofulvalene (VI) shows strikingly that successive elimination of an even number of CI atoms is preferred over that of an odd number of CI atoms; probably corresponding C-CI bonds in the two rings are broken simultaneously. Amongst the fragments, the species [C10]+ and [C7]+ and possibly also [C8]+ and [C9]+ have been observed.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 983-991 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mass analysis of mono- and oligosaccharides was carried out by the field ionization (FI) method. Unsubstituted monosaccharides exhibit an intense peak at [M + 1]+ in the FI spectra, but are not so suited to structural analysis because of their thermal instability. Permethylation is the most suitable method of obtaining good FI mass spectra of oligosaccharides. Permethylated disaccharides which are linked via C-1 - C-4 or C-1 - C-6, respectively, exhibited characteristic differences in the fragment ion intensities. It is not possible, however, to derive all of the different modes of linkage from the FI mass spectrum of permethylated raffinose. The field desorption method is more suitable for further studies of thermally instable compounds than the method of sample evaporation from an oven with subsequent field ionization.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe der Feldionisation wurde die Massenanalyse von Mono- und Oligosacchariden durchgeführt. Die FI-SpektrenFI wird als Abkürzung für Feldionisation und ES für Elektronenstoß-Ionisation benutzt.unsubstituierter Monosaccharide zeigtren zwar alle einen intensiven Peak auf der MZ [M + 1], eignen sich aber wegen der thermischen Labilität nur schlecht für Strukturanalysen. Im Hinblick auf Oligosaccharide ist eine Permethylierung für die Aufnahme von FI-Massenspektren vorteilhaft. Permethylierte Disaccharide, die über C-1 - C-4 bzw. über C-1 - C-6 verknüpft sind, zeigten charakteristische Unterschiede in den Fragment-Ionenintensitäten. Dagegen lassen sich aus dem FI-Spektrum der permethylierten Raffinose nicht alle Verknüpfungsarten entnehmen. Für zukünftige Untersuchungen thermisch labiler Substanzen eignet sich die Felddesorptionsmethode besser als die Methode der Probenverdampfung aus einem Ofen mit anschließender Feldionisation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of quinuclidone-3, benzquinuclidone-3, 2-azaquinuclidone-3, 2-azabenzquinuclidone-3 and some of their functional substituted derivatives have been investigated. Fragmentation of the compounds investigated has been shown to proceed through the open form of the molecular ion with cleavage of a bridgehead bond containing the carbonyl group and subsequent elimination of carbon monoxide.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 1349-1362 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of norbornene, nortricyclene and deuterium labeled derivatives thereof have been studied. The appearance potentials of the ions [C7H10]+·, [C7H9]+, [C6H7]+ and [C5H6]+· have been determined for both compounds and heats of formation of the hydrocarbons have been estimated. Detailed fragmentation schemes are proposed for the molecular ions and it is concluded that they dissociate by essentially different mechanisms which do not involve common intermediates. The structures and energy contents of the primary fragment ions are discussed in detail by comparing energetics, labeling experiments and metastable ion abundances.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 157-169 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of twenty N-alkyl-(1-phenylethyl)-carbamates derived from primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols have been investigated using deuterium labeling and high resolution mass spectrometry. These derivatives are suitable for the determination of the isotopic purity of primary and secondary, but not of tertiary alcohols. Several of the primary and secondary alcohol derivatives yield an ion formally equivalent to the product ion of a McLafferty rearrangement. Deuterium labeling established, however, that the usual site specificity associated with the McLafferty rearrangement process was lacking in these carbamate derivatives. In addition a double hydrogen rearrangement process was observed in the mass spectra of several of the carbamates derived from tertiary alcohols.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 625-632 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of a series of hippuric esters have been determined. A variety of novel rearrangements induced by the presence of a formed benzyl carbonium ion has been rationalized with the aid of high resolution measurements and isotopic and substituent labeling. An eight centered rearrangement is proposed for the observed transfer of oxygen from a nitro group to a double bond.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 697-704 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fragmentation pattern and mass spectrum of 1-(ethylene-1′-oxy-2′-thio)-cyclohexan-2-one differ markedly from those of the related mono-functional cyclohexane derivatives, cyclohexanone and (ethylene-1′-oxy-2′-thio)-cyclohexane. This investigation delineates facile expulsion of carbon monoxide as the major hybrid fragmentation. The possibility of ring recyclization accompanying the expulsion is discussed.
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