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  • Chemical Engineering  (74)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1970-1974  (74)
  • 1971  (74)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absorption and desorption accompanied by a reversible reaction (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 17 (1971), S. 536-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The processes of absorption and desorption with reversible reaction are compared theoretically for reactions of the type A ⇌ nB. With the same concentration difference between bulk and interface, it is found that in general, the rate of desorption is lower than that of absorption. Under certain conditions the difference may be as much as 35%.The analysis is based on the penetration theory. The numerical solution introduces a new transformation of the time and distance variables (based on the error function) which reduces the computing time required. An analytical examination of the penetration theory equations provides an explanation of the results of the numerical solution.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690170311
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat and mass transfer in the vicinity of the triple interline of a meniscus (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 17 (1971), S. 569-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Effective experimental and theoretical techniques for studying the heat transfer characteristics of a stationary evaporating meniscus formed on a flat plate immersed in a pool of liquid were developed. Integral heat transfer data were obtained for the four systems: 304 stainless steel-water, 6061 aluminum-water, 304 stainless steel-methanol, and 6061 aluminum-methanol. High rates of heat transfer were obtained in the triple interline region with a stable meniscus. Detailed descriptions of the heat flux and temperature field were obtained for the stainless steel-water and stainless steel-methanol systems. The effect of the evaporation coefficient on the heat flux distribution was evaluated. The heat transfer process in the interline region proved to be more efficient than a simple conduction process in an evaporating liquid meniscus.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690170317
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transfer of surface-active agents across a liquid-liquid interface (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 17 (1971), S. 313-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Analytical solutions are obtained for the transfer of an adsorbing solute across a liquid-liquid interface taking into account the effects of molecular diffusion in both bulk phases, adsorptive accumulation at the interface, and energy barriers to adsorption and/or desorption. These solutions show that while adsorptive accumulation alone affects the transfer rate but little, the presence of an adsorption or desorption barrier can significantly affect the bulk concentration profiles and decrease the mass transfer rate. The presence of a desorption barrier is shown to cause the dynamic interfacial tension to pass through a minimum below the steady state value. For some systems it is conceivable that the interfacial tension minimum would be sufficiently low that a slight agitation would result in spontaneous emulsification.Dynamic interfacial tension data for oil-water systems with interface ages from 0.05 to 1.5 sec. are obtained using a laminar contracting liquid jet. The data indicate the presence of a small net desorption barrier to the transfer of normal and isobutyric acids from oil to water and large barriers to both the adsorption and desorption of 1,5 pentanediol.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690170216
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential thermal analysis using high frequency dielectric heating I. Theory and equipmentPart II of this series starts on page 64 and Part III, on page 70. (1971)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 11 (1971), S. 57-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new analytical technique, differential thermal analysis using high frequency dielectric heating (DTA/HF), has been developed which senses the rate and extent of the enthalpy change accompanying curing. These two parameters relate simply and quantitatively to curing reaction kinetics.In DTA/HF cylindrical samples of uncured elastomers, 2-in. in diam and about 1-in. high, enclosed in glass rings and covered, are heated in a high frequency (86 mc) electrical field simultaneously with an identically-shaped precured reference disc of the same elastomer. Both sample and reference are clamped securely between 3 × 5-in. rectangular output electrodes. The sample is cured isometrically under pressure generated by thermal expansion. Temperatures at the core of the sample and reference are monitored continuously using ungrounded junction thermocouples with stainless steel probes; both sample temperature and temperature differences between sample and reference are recorded.To test the validity of DTA/HF it was first applied to the dicumyl peroxide (DCP) curing of several cis-1,4-polyisoprene calcium carbonate mixtures for which reaction mechanisms and reaction kinetic data are available.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760110110
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential thermal analysis using high frequency dielectric heating III. A mathematical model for predicting radial temperature gradients in the dielectric heating of polymersPart I of this series starts on page 57 and Part II, on page 64. (1971)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 11 (1971), S. 70-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A mathematical model has been developed to predict radial temperature gradients in polymers during dielectric heating. The time-temperature model includes parameters for rate of dielectric heating, thermal conductivity, density, heat capacity, surface coefficient of heat transfer, and sample radius. The application of this model was checked experimentally on a 2-in. cylinder of cured polyisoprene.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760110112
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential thermal analysis using high frequency dielectric heating II. Curing kinetics studiesPart II of this series starts on page 57 and Part III, on page 70. (1971)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 11 (1971), S. 64-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A previous paper described the theory and equipment of Differential Thermal Analysis using High Frequency Dielectric Heating, DTA/HF. Curing studies using DTA/HF on cis-1,4-polyisoprene rubber filled with 50 phr of CaCO3 and containing from 1.5 to 4.5 phr of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) curative indicated that below about 185°C, the curing reaction was first order with respect to DCP; the mean activation energy was 32.6 kcal/mole; and the heat of reaction ranged from 60 to 80 kcal/mole DCP. These results are in agreement with published results. Above 185°C both thermodynamic and kinetic evidence implied that the reaction mechanism changed; the first order peroxide decomposition no longer controlled the overall rate of reaction.The curing of both stereo styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber (BR) containing 50 phr of CaCO3 and 0.5 phr of DCP was found to follow first order kinetics as expected. The magnitude of the heat of curing was used to determine the frequency of a vinyl propagation-type cross-linking reaction. Eight to 36 crosslinks per molecule of DCP were obtained. This reaction became more extensive at high temperature, in agreement with published results.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760110111
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Saturated liquid enthalpies of ethane-n-butane-n-pentane system with multicomponent clapeyron equation (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 17 (1971), S. 3-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Enthalpies of the coexisting equilibrium vapor and liquid mixtures of the ethane-n-butane-n-pentane system are computed at several pressures. Saturated liquid enthalpies are obtained by using a new multicomponent Clapeyron equation with the B-W-R equation of state and the experimental temperature-composition data for the ternary mixture. Saturated vapor enthalpies are calculated by applying the B-W-R equation to the vapor mixture. Ideal gas state enthalpies are used in both vapor and liquid enthalpy calculations.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690170105
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal operation of a variable-volume stirred tank reactor (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 17 (1971), S. 30-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: For certain classes of chemical reactions, it is possible to increase the yield of the desired products by choosing appropriate variable-volume operating policies. An analysis of the steady state and semibatch operation of a stirred tank reactor demonstrates operating policies for both the isothermal and adiabatic case to maximize the steady state yield and to produce an improved semibatch yield. Computations carried out by using an analogue computer with a digital logic expansion system demonstrate further relationships between yield increase and operating policy.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690170110
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous nonisothermal noncatalytic solid-gas reactions (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 17 (1971), S. 272-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of simultaneous, noncatalytic solid-gas reaction systems has been analyzed in terms of the selectivity and effectiveness factor, based on the unreacted core shrinking model. The reaction systems discussed include the first-order independent, parallel, and consecutive reactions with the simultaneous influences of heat and mass transfer. The effects of various chemical and transport properties on the stability, selectivity, and effectiveness factor of the system are discussed. The pseudosteady state approximation is employed to reduce the mathematical difficulties.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690170208
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Van der Waals forces in a three-phase system (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 17 (1971), S. 291-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analysis is made of the Van der Waals forces of two different species when separated by a third continuous component. Results show that under certain circumstances, attractions as well as repulsions can exist between the two different species. The theory is applied to a fibrous bed coalescer to determine what type of material would best serve as a coalescence medium.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690170212
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