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  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • 1995-1999  (34)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (17)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1997  (34)
  • 1971  (17)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1995-1999  (34)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (17)
  • 1940-1944
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective effects of hydrocortisone on intestinal lipoprotein and apolipoprotein synthesis in the human fetus (1997)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 66 (1997), S. 65-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: chylomicron ; very low density lipoprotein ; high density lipoprotein ; apoprotein B-100 ; apoprotein B-48 ; apoprotein A-I ; fat transport ; ontogeny ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Studies employing human fetal intestine have yielded much interesting information on the role of polarized enterocytes in fat absorption and transport. Using the organ culture model, we examined the influence of hydrocortisone on the synthesis and secretion of lipids and lipoproteins. Human jejunal explants were cultured for 5 days at 37°C in serum-free medium containing either [14C]-oleic acid or [14C]-acetate, alone or supplemented with hydrocortisone (25 or 50 ng/ml). The uptake of [14C]-oleic acid was associated with the production of triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters, which were all affected by hydrocortisone. This hormonal agent (50 μg) led to the marked reduction of secreted triglycerides (43%, P 〈 0.01), phospholipids (39%, P 〈 0.01), and cholesteryl esters (36%, P 〈 0.05) without altering the characteristic distribution of tissue and medium lipid classes. Similarly, hydrocortisone significantly (P 〈 0.01) decreased (∼60%) the incorporation of [14C]-acetate into secreted free and esterified cholesterol in the medium. With [14C]-oleic acid as a precursor, hydrocortisone significantly diminished the delivery of chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins to the medium while consistently enhancing the secretion of high density lipoproteins. In parallel, [35S]-methionine pulse-labeling of jejunal explants revealed the concomitant inhibitory effect of hydrocortisone on apo B-100 synthesis and hydrocortisone's stimulatory effect on apo B-48 and apo A-I. These studies suggest that glucocorticoids play a critical role in lipoprotein processing during intestinal development. J. Cell. Biochem. 66:65-76 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RNA metabolism in thoracic duct lymphocytes from thymectomized ratsSupported by grant IC-18A from the American Cancer Society, grant AI-08642 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 78 (1971), S. 465-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040780316
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of temporal sensing in bioelectromagnetic effects (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 18 (1997), S. 388-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: ornithine decarboxylase ; cell culture ; 60 Hz fields ; “averaging” time ; “memory” time ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Experiments were conducted to see whether the cellular response to electromagnetic (EM) fields occurs through a detection process involving temporal sensing. L929 cells were exposed to 60 Hz magnetic fields and the enhancement of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity was measured to determine cellular response to the field. In one set of experiments, the field was turned alternately off and on at intervals of 0.1 to 50 s. For these experiments, field coherence was maintained by eliminating the insertion of random time intervals upon switching. Intervals ≥ 1 s produced no enhancement of ODC activity, but fields switched at intervals ≥ 10 s showed ODC activities that were enhanced by a factor of approximately 1.7. These data indicate that it is the interval over which field parameters (e.g., amplitude or frequency) remain constant, rather than the interval over which the field is coherent, that is critical to cellular response to an EMF. In a second set of experiments, designed to determine how long it would take for cells to detect a change in field parameters, the field was interrupted for brief intervals (25-200 ms) once each second throughout exposure. In this situation, the extent of EMF-induced ODC activity depended upon the duration of the interruption. Interruptions ≥ 100 ms were detected by the cell as shown by elimination of field-induced enhancement of ODC. That two time constants (0.1 and 10 s) are involved in cellular EMF detection is consistent with the temporal sensing process associated with bacterial chemotaxis. By analogy with bacterial temporal sensing, cells would continuously sample and average an EM field over intervals of about 0.1 s (the “averaging” time), storing the averaged value in memory. The cell would compare the stored value with the current average, and respond to the EM field only when field parameters remain constant over intervals of approximately 10 s (the “memory” time). Bioelectromagnetics 18:388-395, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of the pigment epithelium and photoreceptor cells of the newt, Triturus viridescens dorsalis (Rafinesque)This work was supported by grants from the Medical Research Council of Canada, the E. A. Baker Foundation for the Prevention of Blindness and Fight For Sight, Inc. (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 135 (1971), S. 389-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The morphology of the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor cells has been studied in the common newt Triturus viridescens dorsalis by light, conventional transmission and scanning electron microscopy.The pigment epithelium is formed by a single layer of low rectangular cells, separated by a multilayered membrane (Bruch's membrane) from the vessels of the choriocapillaris. The scleral border of the pigment epithelium is highly infolded and each epithelial cell contains smooth endoplasmic reticulum, myeloid bodies, mitochondria, lysosomes, phagosomes and an oval nucleus. Inner, pigment laden, epithelial processes surround the photoreceptor outer and inner segments.The three retinal photoreceptor types, rods, single cones and double cones, differ in both external and internal appearance. The newt, rod, outer segments appear denser than the cones in both light and electron micrographs, due to a greater number of rod lamellae per unit distance of outer segment and to the presence of electron dense intralamellar bands. The rod outer segments possess deep incisures in the lamellae while the cone lamellae lack incisures. Both rod and cone outer segments are supported by a peripheral array of dendritic processes containing longitudinal filaments which originate in the inner segment. The inner segment mitochondria, forming the rod ellipsoid, arelong and narrow while those in the cone are spherical to oval in shape. The inner segments of all three receptor cell types also contain a glycogen-filled paraboloid and a myoid region, just outside the nucleus, rich in both rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The elongate, cylindrical nuclei differ in density. The rod nuclei are denser than those of the cones, contain clumped chromatin and usually extend further vitreally. Similarly, the cytoplasm of the rod synaptic terminal is denser than its cone counterpart and contains synaptic vesicles almost twice as large as those of the cones. Photoreceptor synapses in rods and cones are established by both superficial and invaginated contacts with bipolar or horizontal cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051350402
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A light and electron microscopic study of the heart of a crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Giraud). II. Fine structureSupported by N.I.H. grant 5T1-GM-793 and by research grants HE-6100 and HE-2490 from the United States Public Health Service. (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 133 (1971), S. 353-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The adventitia of the crayfish heart is composed of cells that are separated from each other by an intercellular space about 280 Å wide. Desmosomes are present on apposing surfaces of adjacent cells. A basal lamina underlies the adventitia and consists of a dense, amorphous substance that contains numerous fine filaments.The myocardial cells are striated and an external lamina 0.1 μ thick is present on the surface of the plasma membrane. The nuclei and most of the cytoplasm, glycogen and mitochondria are located at the cell periphery. The myofibrils are composed of thick and thin filaments and confined to the core of the cell. A T system and a well-developed SR are present. Elements of these organelles form dyads at levels that correspond to the H bands, and triads at levels that correspond to the Z bands of the peripheral myofibrils. The relationship of the T tubules to the myofibrils is discussed.Locus cells exhibit a unique pattern of intracellular myofibrillar branching. They branch from a region which has a structure similar to the Z band material. The myofibrils radiate outwardly in various directions and form numerous cellular branches which form intercalated discs with adjacent myocardial cells. These discs are more complex than those observed in poikilothermic vertebrates but are simpler than those in mammals.An endocardium is lacking in the crayfish heart but interstitial cells are present in close association with the myocardial cells and neural elements. Terminal nerve processes deeply embedded in the myocardial cells are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051330308
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and sensory apparatus of oral remnants of the nasopalatine canals in the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus L.)This investigation was supported in part by a research contract with the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 134 (1971), S. 271-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Light microscopy of serially sectioned nasopalatine duct remnants in ventral rostral integument of four adult (2 ♂, 2 ♀) fin whales reveals: (1) a common structure in all, (2) blindly ending nasopalatine pits 4 to 9 mm deep, (3) solid epithelial duct remnants 12 to 15 mm long, (4) lack of chemoreceptor endings, and (5) an abundance of presumed mechanoreceptors, mostly of the Pacinian category on the adoral sides, but also including some thinly encapsulated and perivascular ones that extend into the abundant connective tissue papillae of the duct remnants. Comparative and evolutionary relations of these structures are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051340303
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative histology of changes with age in rat bone cortexSupported in part by the National Institutes of Health Training grant GM 445. (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 133 (1971), S. 241-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Changes with age in bone cortex of the rat were investigated by establishing histological parameters which could be quantitated to estimate age at death. Decalcified cross sections of mandible, femur and tibia were prepared from rats two to 120 days old, and measurements were made of: (1) number of osteons, (2) average number of lamellae per osteon, (3) average Haversian canal diameter, and (4) number of non-Haversian (primary) canals. Multiple regression techniques were used to estimate age at death from several combinations of these variables.With age, the number of osteons per unit area of bone and the number of lamellae per osteon increased, but Haversian canal diameter and the number of primary canals decreased. Multiple regression analyses indicated that age at death could be estimated to ± 3 days of the true value in 95% of the cases. Nomographs based on histological measurements of each bone were prepared which can provide accurate estimates of age between two and 120 days in the Sprague-Dawley female rat. It was concluded that microstructure of bone cortex can not only be quantitated to provide accurate estimates of age but it may also constitute a sensitive measure of the metabolic state of the organism. The techniques utilized should prove useful in anthropology as well in studies of bone aging.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051330208
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histogenesis of the lymphomyeloid complex in the larval leopard frog, Rana pipiens (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 134 (1971), S. 1-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A histological study was undertaken of the differentiation of the lymphomyeloid complex of larvae of the common leopard frog, Rana pipiens, reared at 18-21 °C. Immature lymphocytes are first recognised in the thymus and pronephros at stage I of Taylor and Kollros ('46). By the end of stage II, small lymphocytes are regularly found among the predominant larger lymphoid cells in the thymus, in which corticomedullary differentiation has begun. At this time, a few small lymphocytes are also apparent in the ventral cavity bodies, lymph gland, pronephros, mesonephros and intestine, but rarely occur in the spleen. During stages III and IV extensive development of these components of the lymphomyeloid complex occurs. The organs now contain large numbers of mature lymphocytes and have attained states of differentiation that remain essentially similar in subsequent larval stages. By stage V, small epithelium-associated lymphoid accumulations are abundant throughout the length of the gastrointestinal tract. The anlagen of the procoracoid body and bone marrow appear just prior to metamorphosis.The kidneys are the main sites of blood formation in the larva. Masses of granulocytes are also usually found in the abundant ventral cavity bodies. A consideration of the roles of each of the organs provides insight into the ontogeny of the immune system of the Anura in general.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051340102
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression and phosphorylation of a MARCKS-like protein in gastric chief cells: Further evidence for modulation of pepsinogen secretion by interaction of Ca2+/calmodulin with protein kinase C (1997)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 64 (1997), S. 514-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: signal transduction ; stomach ; hormones ; phospholipase C ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: In gastric chief cells, agents that activate protein kinase C (PKC) stimulate pepsinogen secretion and phosphorylation of an acidic 72-kDa protein. The isoelectric point and molecular mass of this protein are similar to those for a common PKC substrate; the MARCKS (for Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C Kinase Substrate) protein. We examined expression and phosphorylation of the MARCKS-like protein in a nearly homogeneous suspension of chief cells from guinea pig stomach. Western blotting of fractions from chief cell lysates with a specific MARCKS antibody resulted in staining of a myristoylated 72-kDa protein (pp72), associated predominantly with the membrane fraction. Using permeabilized chief cells. we examined the effect of PKC activation (with the phorbol ester PMA), in the presence of basal (100 nM) or elevated cellular calcium (1 μM), on pepsinogen secretion and phosphorylation of the 72-kDa MARCKS-like protein. Secretion was increased 2.3-, 2.6-, and 4.5-fold by incubation with 100 nM PMA, 1 μM calcium, and PMA plus calcium, respectively. A PKC inhibitor (1 μM CGP 41 251) abolished PMA-induced secretion, but did not alter calcium-induced secretion. This indicates that calcium-induced secretion is independent of PKC activation. Chief cell proteins were labeled with 32P-orthophosphate and phosphorylation of pp72 was detected by autoradiography of 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gels. In the presence of basal calcium PMA (100 nM) caused a 〉 two-fold increase in phosphorylation of pp72. Without PMA, calcium did not alter phosphorylation of pp72. However, 1 μM calcium caused an approx. 50% attenuation of PMA-induced phosphorylation of pp72. Experiments with a MARCKS “phosphorylation/calmodulin binding domain peptide” indicated that calcium/calmodulin inhibits phosphorylation of pp72 by binding to the phosphorylation/calmodulin binding domain and not by inhibiting PKC activity. These observations support the hypothesis that, in gastric chief cells, interplay between calcium/calmodulin binding and phosphorylation of a common domain on the 72-kDa MARCKS-like protein plays a role in modulating pepsinogen secretion. J. Cell. Biochem. 64:514-523. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoregulation of actin synthesis responds to monomeric actin levels (1997)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 65 (1997), S. 469-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: actin autoregulation ; swinholide A ; dimeric actin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Regulation of the assembly and expression of actin is of major importance in diverse cellular functions such as motility and adhesion and in defining cellular and tissue architecture. These biological processes are controlled by changing the balance between polymerized (F) and soluble (G) actin. Previous studies have indicated the existence of an autoregulatory pathway that links the state of assembly and expression of actin, resulting in the reduction of actin synthesis after actin filaments are depolymerized. We have employed the marine toxins swinholide A and latrunculin A, both disrupting the organization of the actin-cytoskeleton, to determine whether this autoregulatory response is activated by a decrease in the level of polymerized actin or by an increase in monomeric actin concentrations in the cell. We showed that in cells treated with swinholide A the level of filamentous actin is decreased, and using a reversible cross-linking reagent, we found that actin dimers are formed. Latrunculin A also disassembled actin filaments, but produced monomeric actin, followed by a reduction in actin and vinculin expression, while swinholide A treatment elevated the synthesis of these proteins. In cells treated with both latrunculin A and swinholide A, dimeric actin was formed, and actin and vinculin synthesis were higher than in control cells. These results suggest that the substrate that confers an autoregulated reduction in actin expression is monomeric actin, and when its level is decreased by dimeric actin formation, actin synthesis is increased. J. Cell. Biochem. 65:469-478. © 1997 Wiley-Liss Inc.
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