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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (54)
  • Oxford University Press  (4)
  • 1970-1974  (58)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1970  (58)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous noncatalytic solid-fluid reactions (1970)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 16 (1970), S. 848-856 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Solid-fluid reactions often involve two or more simultaneous reactions because either the feed contains multiple fluid reactants or the fluid products are reactive with the solid. Three types of simultaneous reactions, independent, parallel, and consecutive, are examined in terms of the selectivity and the effectiveness factor based on the unreacted core shrinking model under isothermal conditions. Criteria for high selectivities are derived, and effects of diffusion and chemical reaction are discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690160526
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical structure of poly(vinyl alcohol)/methyl methacrylate graft copolymers prepared by various methods (1970)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 139 (1970), S. 183-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Pfropfcopolymere aus Polyvinylalkohol (PVA) mit Methylmethacrylat (MMA) wurden durch direkte Bestrahlung, Vorbestrahlung und nach der katalytischen Methode mit Kaliumpersulfat hergestellt; außerdem wurde eine Methode verwendet, die keine Katalysatoren benötigt.Nachdem die reinen Pfropfcopolymeren von unaufgepfropften PVA und Homo-PMMA durch erschöpfende, wechselseitige Extraktion isoliert worden waren, wurden die Hydroxylgruppen in den Copolymeren quantitativ acetyliert, damit einerseits osmotische Messungen möglich wurden und andererseits die Zusammensetzung durch hydrolytischen Abbau bestimmt werden konnte. In einem anderen Versuch wurden die aufgepfropften Seitenketten durch oxydative Spaltung der 1.2-Glykol-Bindungen im PVA-Molekül mit Perjodsäure isoliert, und das Molekulargewicht wurde osmometrisch bestimmt. An Hand dieser Ergebnisse wird gezeigt, daß die gebildeten Pfropfcopolymeren aus nur einer Seitenkette und einem Ausgangs-PVA-Molekül bestehen und daß ihre Struktur von den verwendeten Aufpfropfungsmethoden unabhängig ist.
    Notes: Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/methyl methacrylate (MMA) graft copolymers were prepared by mutual irradiation, pre-irradiation, and by a catalytic method with potassium persulfate (KPS); a technique to prepare graft copolymer using no initiator was also adopted. After pure graft copolymers were isolated from the graft films by vigorous alternate extraction unreacted PVA and homo-PMMA, hydroxyl groups in the copolymers were completely acetylated to carry out osmotic pressure measurements and determine the chemical composition by hydrolysis. Graft branches were separated by cleaving C—C bonds of 1.2-glycol structure in backbone PVA with periodic acid. The chemical structure of the graft copolymers was made clear on the basis of the measured number-average molecular weights of the pure graft copolymer, separated branch and mother PVA molecule, and the chemical composition of the graft copolymer. It was shown that the graft copolymer has only one branch and one mother PVA molecule, irrespective of the grafting methods employed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1970.021390114
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Critical comparison of the experimental optical activity of helical polypeptides and the predictions of the molecular exciton model (1970)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 1475-1502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The predictions of the presently accepted molecular exciton model for the optical activity of helical polypeptides are in reasonable agreement with experimental spectra in the accessible wavelength range. However, crucial verification requires the detect of a significant negative rotatory hand just below the accessible range. A computer-oriented method is utilized to obtain information concerning the inaccessible range. Optical rotatory dispersion computed by evaluation of the Kronig-Kramers integral transform from the experimentally determined circular dichroism of several helical homopolypeptides in solution are compared with the experimentally determined optical rotatory dispersion. Computed and experimental curves are congruent within an uncertainty approaching that of the experimental technique, whatever the polypeptide sample lot, side chains, and solvent. It is shown that t his agreement is not a computational or experimental artifact. These results can be interpreted in two ways: (1) that the predicted band does not exist, and (2) that the perturbation of the predicted band is being negated by other inaccessible bands in the vacuum ultraviolet. Arguments are presented to show that the first of these two possibilities is more probable.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1970.360091209
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterosubstituierte Acetylene, XXX. Ein neuer Mechanismus der nucleophilen Halogensubstitution an Acetylendreifachbindungen (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 103 (1970), S. 1216-1224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Heterosubstituted Acetylenes, XXX1). A new Mechanism of Nucleophilic Halogen Substitution at Acetylene Triple BondsThe combination of nucleophilic and directiospecific addition in β-position to halogen 1) (except fluorine) with subsequent onium rearrangement is proposed as a new mechanism of nucleophilic halogen substitution at the acetylene triple bond. The reactions of chloro-tertbutyl-acetylene (1) with phenolate and thiophenolate are described as examples. The β-adducts 2,5 und 6 are formed directiospecifically. 5 and 6 give rise photochemically and thermally to the thermodynamically more stable isomer 8 in which the chlorine atom and the thioether residue have migrated and changed their C-atoms. All thioether isomers produce the tert-butylethinyl-thioether 10 upon elimination of HCl.
    Notes: Die Kombination von nucleophiler directiospezifischer Addition in β-Stellung zum Halogen1) (außer Fluor) mit anschließender Onium-Umlagerung 2) und Halogen-Anion-α-Eliminierung wird als neuer Mechanismus der nucleophilen Halogensubstitution an der Acetylendreifachbindung vorgeschlagen. Als Beispiel für diese Reaktionsschritte werden die Umsetzungen von Chlor-tert.-butyl-acetylen (1) mit Phenolat und mit Thiophenolat beschrieben. Directiospezifisch entstehen die β-Addukte 2,5 und 6. Thermisch und photochemisch bildet sich aus 5 und 6 das thermodynamisch stabilere Isomere 8, in welchem Chlor und der Thioätherrest unter Vertauschung der C-Atome gewandert sind. Alle Thioäther-Isomeren liefern bei der HCl-Abspaltung den tert.-Butyläthiny-thioäther 10.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19701030425
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A multi-configuration LCAO-MO study for complex unsaturated molecules. II. Application to the benzene cationThe material in this paper is taken from a thesis submitted by M. Nakayama in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the doctor's degree at Tokyo Kyoiku University. (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 43-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The method of the MC-LCAO-MO approach, described in the preceding paper, is further applied to the benzene cation. Through the iteration process the π-electron energies and the molecular shapes are computed for the ground and two lowest excited states of the cation in both D6h and D2h geometries. A remarkable fact obtained is that a comparatively small variation of the geometrical structure (c. 0.010 - 0.013 Å bond length difference) brings about a considerable change of the energy value (c. 0.85 - 1.25 eV).The π-electronic excitation energies obtained from the iteration process are compared with the transition energies calculated from the usual method in which the structures of the excited states are assumed to be the same as the corresponding ground state structures. The difference in the excitation energy between the cation and the anion, and the CI effect on the excited states, are discussed. It is found that the doubly excited configurations play an important role in CI, which is somewhat different from that of the singly excited configurations. The stabilization energy due to the Jahn-Teller distortion is estimated for the ground state of the cation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560040105
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A multi-configuration LCAO-MO study for complex unsaturated molecules. I. General theory and its application to the benzene anionThe material in this paper is taken from a thesis submitted by M. Nakayama in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the doctor's degree at Tokyo Kyoiku University. (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 4 (1970), S. 21-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A multi-configuration LCAO-MO approach using a π-bond order-bond length linear relation is introduced to predict the geometrical structures for the electronic ground and excited states of unsaturated hydrocarbons. The procedure is designed to include configuration interaction in each iterative computation where the π-electron approximation is employed under the Pariser-Parr type semi-empirical treatment.The π-bond order-bond length relation is determined as rpq = 1.523 - 0.193Ppq, when the bond lengths of ethylene, benzene and naphthalene are used and the groundstate functions including the singly and doubly excited configurations are taken into account to obtain the bond orders Ppq.The iterative calculation is applied to the ground state and the two lowest excited states of the benzene anion in both D6h and D2h molecular geometries. The geometrical structures and the π-electron energies are computed for the ground and excited states of the anion; for the latter, two types of configuration species are used. It is found that the first lowest excited state is not subjected to the Jahn-Teller effect and the calculated excited state energies do not agree with the observed values (c. 1.0 ∼ 2.5 eV higher than the observed values). The latter point is discussed in detail. It is also found that the resultant ground state energy depression due to configuration mixing is not very large and the two types of configuration species used give different CI effects on the energy levels of the two lowest excited states of the anion.Finally, the stabilization energy due to the Jahn-Teller distortion is estimated for the ground state of the anion.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560040104
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterosubstituierte Acetylene, XXIX. „Onium“ -Umlagerungen zu disubstituierten Acetylenen: Die Synthese der In- diamine (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 103 (1970), S. 1209-1215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Heterosubstituted Acetylenes, XXIX. „Onium“ -Rearrangements to disubstituted Acetylenes: The Synthesis of Yne Diamines2-Fluoro-1.1-dichloroethylene (1) or trichloroethylene reacts with N. N-disubstituted lithiumamides and sec. amines to form chloroketene aminals (7). Upon treatment with strong bases the latter undergo HCl α-elimination and „onium:“ rearrangement to afford yne diamines 3 in high yields. Phenyl-ynamine 10 can also be prepared in the same manner from phenylchloroenamine 9 but it is not clear whether the amino group or the phenyl residue migrates. The synthesis of the tert-butylethinyl-thioether (13) from 1-chloro-2-phenylthio-3, 3- dimethylbut-1-ene 12 shows the onium rearrangement of thioether group.
    Notes: Aus 2-Fluor-1.1-dichlor-äthylen (1) oder aus Trichloräthylen entstehen mit N.N-disubstituierten Lithiumamiden und sek. Aminen die Chlorketen-aminale 7. Diese liefern mit starken Basen durch α-HCl-Abspaltung und „Onium“-Umlagerung in hoher Ausbeute In-diamine 3. Nach diesem Verfahren läßt sich auch das Phenyl-inamin 10 aus dem phenylchlorenamin 9 darstellen, ohne daß vorläufig entschieden werden konnte, ob die Aminogruppe oder der phenylrest wandert. Die Synthese des tert. -Butyläthinyl-phenyl-thioäthers (13) aus 1-Chlor-2-phenylmercapto-3.3-dimethyl-buten-(1) (12) belegt die Onium-Umlagerung einer Thioäther-Gruppe.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19701030424
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterosubstituierte Acetylene, XXVIII). Directiospezifische Additionen und Substitutionen beim Fluorchloracetylen2) und beim 2-Fluor-1.1-dichlor-äthylen (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 103 (1970), S. 1198-1208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Heterosubstituted Acetylenes, XXVIII1) Directiospecific Additions and Substitutions with Fluorochloroacetylene2) and 2-Fluoro-1.1-DichloroethyleneFluorochloroacetylene (2), a very unstable explosive compound, is formed from 2-fluoro-1.1-dichloroethylene (1). 2 adds diethylether directiospecifically, with the ether group in β-position to the chlorine atom. The directiospecificity of the addition and substitution reactions of 2 is explained on the basis of d-orbital resonance of the chlorine atom and stabilisation of the intermediate α-vinyl radicals and anions.  -  Thiophenolate reacts with 1 to form 1-fluoro-2-chloro-1-phenylthioethylene (13) probably by addition to 1 and subsequent elimination.  -  1 affords the lithium derivative 14, which is thermally more stable than trichlorovinyl lithium. 14 reacts with lithium-N-methylanilid to form the chloro ynamine 17, possibly via the intermediate 2. The adducts of 17 with sec. amines are chloroketene aminals 16, which on treatment with bases yield yne diamines 3.
    Notes: Fluorchloracetylen (2) entsteht aus 2-Fluor-1.1-dichlor-äthylen (1) als äußerst instabile, explosive Verbindung. 2 addiert Diäthyläther directiospezifisch mit dem Ätherrest in β-Stellung zum Chlor. Die Directionspezifität der Additions- und Substitutionsreaktionen von 2 wird durch d-Orbitalresonanz des Chlors und Stabilisierung der intermediären α-Vinyl-Radikale und -Anionen gedeutet.  -  Thiophenolat reagiert mit 1 unter Bildung von 1-Fluor-2-chlor-1-phenylmercapto-äthylen (13), wahrscheinlich unter Addition an 1, gefolgt von Eliminierung.  -  1 liefert das Lithiumderivat 14, das thermisch etwas stabiler ist als Trichlorvinyllithium. Aus 14 entsteht, möglicherweise über intermediäres 2, mit Lithium-[N-methyl-anilid] das Chlor-inamin 17, dessen Addukte mit sek. Aminen die Chlorketen-aminale 16 sind, die mit Basen die In-diamine 3 liefern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19701030423
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-dimensional automatic mesh generation for structural analysis (1970)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 2 (1970), S. 133-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a labour-saving method of discretizing irregular and inhomogeneous two-dimensional continua into triangular elements. The method uses a magnetic pen to record node point data and a computer program to generate element data. This technique eliminates the tedium in the manual generation of data and the delay due to mistakes which would otherwise arise frequently for a complex mesh.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620020112
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    External prostate of the hedgehogSupported by U.S.P.H.S. grant CA-05310. (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 132 (1970), S. 149-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The external prostate of male hedgehogs (Erinaceus europeus, Hemiechinus sp.) was studied at the beginning and at the end of the breeding seasons. Its tubular secretory units contain two types of epithelia, columnar and stratified. The columnar epithelium has abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and forms secretory granules. The stratified epithelium undergoes cellular changes culminating in appearance of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions, nuclear pyknosis and desquamation of cells and nuclei into lumen. The nuclear inclusions contain protein and abundant silver-reducing substances. These inclusions may be derived from the residual protein of the nucleus.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051320204
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