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  • Articles  (117)
  • Chemistry  (114)
  • Cartilage  (3)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
  • Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
  • Diphosphonates
  • Female
  • Industrial Chemistry
  • United States
  • 1970-1974  (117)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1955-1959
  • 1970  (117)
  • Physics  (117)
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  • Articles  (117)
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  • 1970-1974  (117)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1955-1959
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial granules in the normal and rachitic rat epiphysis (1970)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 5 (1970), S. 91-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Rickets ; Cartilage ; Vitamin D ; Calcium ; Phosphate ; Mitochondria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Des métaphyses de rats rachitiques, alimentés par paires avec des rats témoins, normaux et traités à la vitamine D2 et des phosphates, ont été étudiées au microscope électronique. La répartition des granules mitochondriales est modifiée dans le tissu rachitique: des granules ne sont visibles que dans quelques cellules voisines de la région en voie de calcification. Les rats témoins présentent une répartition, en gradient, à travers toute la métaphyse. L'adjonction à ce régime cariogène de phosphate ou vitamine D2 ou les deux à la fois, permet de rétablir la répartition normale des granules, visible chez les témoins. Il semble qu'une des modifications spécifiques, induites dans les mitochondries des chondrocytes, par un régime pauvre en phosphate et déficient en vitamine D2, est la diminution de la formation de granules mitochondriales, contenant des produits inorganiques.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Wachstumszonen von rachitischen Ratten werden unter dem Elektronenmikroskop verglichen mit denjenigen von 3 Kontrollgruppen (normale Diät rachitogene Diät mit Vitamin D2 und Phosphatzusätzen und eingeschränkte Menge normaler Diät). Die Verteilung der Granula in den Mitochondrien war im rachitischen Gewebe verändert; Granula wurden nur in einigen Zellen festgestellt, welche an die Zone der provisorischen Kalzifikation angrenzten. Kontrollratten zeigten einen Gradienten von Granula auf der ganzen Wachstumsplatte. Ergänzung der rachitogenen Diät durch Phosphat, Vitamin D2 oder beide bewirkte die Wiederherstellung der Granula-Dichte und-Verteilung, welche die Kontrolltiere aufwiesen. Es wird vorgeschlagen, daß die verminderte Fähigkeit, mineralhaltige Mitochondrien-Granula zu bilden, eine spezifische Veränderung ist, welche in den Mitochondrien von Chondrocyten durch eine phosphatarme, Vitamin D2-defizitäre Diät herbeigeführt wird.
    Notes: Abstract Growth plates of rachitic, pair-fed control, normal and Vitamin D2- and phosphate-treated rachitic rats were studied with the electron microscope. Mitochondrial granule distribution was modified in the rachitic tissue; granules were noted only in a few cells adjacent to the zone of provisional calcification. Control rats demonstrated a gradient of granules throughout the growth plate. Supplementation of the rachitogenic diet with either phosphate, Vitamin D2, or both was able to re-establish the granule density and distribution found in control animals. It is suggested that one specific modification induced in mitochondria of chondrocytes by a low phosphate, Vitamin D2-deficient diet is the reduced ability to form mineral-containing mitochondrial granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02017539
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of enzyme treatment upon the resorption of scapular implants (1970)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 5 (1970), S. 64-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Epiphysis ; Cartilage ; Resorption ; Enzymes ; Implantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des fragments d'omoplates, prélevés chez de jeunes rats, sont décalcifiés, puis soumis à la pronase, papaïne, hyaluronidase ou trypsine. Les cartilage épiphysaires d'omoplates témoins se colorent au bleu Alcian, mais ceux, traités à la pronase, papaïne et hyaluronidase, ne se colorent pas: la trypsine ne supprime pas la coloration. Lorsque les os sont réimplantés chez les animaux au niveau desquels ils ont été prélevés, le cartilage épiphysaire de ceux traités avec les 3 premiers enzymes est rapidement envahi par des capillaires et de petites cellules rondes. Les cartilages des témoins, l'os non traité et l'os traité avec de la trypsine ne sont pas envahis ainsi. Il semble que l'extraction des glycosaminoglycanes acides du cartilage puisse être un des facteurs controlant l'invasion capillaire au cours de l'ossification enchondrale.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Scapulastücke wurden von jungen Ratten entfernt, entkalkt und mit Pronase, Papain, Hyaluronidase oder Trypsin behandelt. Die epiphysären Knorpel von Kontroll-Scapula nahmen die Alcianblaufärbung an, die mit Pronase, Papain oder Hyaluronidase behandelten dagegen nicht; Trypsin hob die Färbungsreaktion nicht auf. Wenn die Knochen subcutan auf die Tiere implantiert wurden, von welchen sie entnommen worden waren, wurden die mit den ersten drei Enzymen vorbehandelten epiphysären Knorpel rasch von Capillaren und kleinen runden Zellen überflutet. Die Knorpel der unbehandelten Kontrollknochen und diejenigen von Trypsin-behandelten Knochen wurden nicht in dieser Weise überflutet. Es wird postuliert, daß die Entfernung von sauren Glucosaminoglycanen aus dem Knorpel einer der Faktoren sein kann, welche die Capillareninvasion auslösen, die in der endochondralen Calcifikation auftritt.
    Notes: Abstract Pieces of scapula were removed from young rats, decalcified, and treated with pronase, papain, hyaluronidase or trypsin. The epiphyseal cartilages of control scapulae took up the Alcian blue stain, but those treated with pronase, papain or hyaluronidase did not; trypsin did not abolish the staining reaction. When the bones were implanted subcutaneously into the animals from which they had been taken, the epiphyseal cartilages of those treated with the first three enzymes were rapidly invaded by capillaries and small round cells. The cartilages of the control, untreated bones and those from bones treated with trypsin were not invaded in this way. It is postulated that the removal of acid glycosaminoglycans from cartilage may be one of the factors that trigger the capillary invasion that occurs in endochondral calcification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02017535
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antioxidant effects in PVC plasticized with DIDA (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 14 (1970), S. 53-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Antioxidants such as bisphenol A (BPA) have long been recommended for retention of physical properties on oven-aging of PVC plasticized with certain plasticizers. We have shown how BPA inhibits oxidative fragmentation of plasticizers such as diisodecyl adipate (DIDA) and thus decreases apparent volatility, and how it improves retention of modulus, elongation, and low temperature flexibility. Low concentrations are more beneficial than either zero or high concentrations, especially on longer aging. At higher concentrations, although the plasticizer is retained in the PVC, it becomes less efficient at low temperature, and low-temperature flex is impaired while elongation is preserved. DIDA exudes during oven-aging unless oxidation occurs to prevent it. When BPA is present, exudation is worst at the most efficient concentrations of antioxidant. This appears to be the normal incompatibility of DIDA at 105°C which is permitted by the antioxidant. On oxidation, the dielectric constant of DIDA rises into the 4-8 range, signifying compatibility with PVC, and the DIDA does not exude.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1970.070140106
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of PVC. II. Properties of PVC compounds with solvents (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 14 (1970), S. 161-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: It was the aim of this paper to study the influence of the solvent residues in PVC compounds on physical and mechanical properties of samples prepared from them as well as the rheologic properties of their melts. Besides tetrahydrofuran other solvents are also partly retained in PVC even after processing at higher temperatures. The properties of samples prepared from PVC compounds containing solvents depend on the solubility parameter of the solvent used. Solvents with a solubility close to that of PVC have the same effect as plasticizers. Solvents with very high solubility parameters, e.g., water, influence the flow and dynamic properties in just the opposite way than plasticizers and behave rather like fillers. A mechanism for influencing the properties of PVC by the presence of solvent residues is suggested.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1970.070140116
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conditioning polytetrafluoroethylene surfaces for use in vascular prosthesesPresented in part at the 157th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Minneapolis, Minnesota, April 13-18, 1969. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 14 (1970), S. 257-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polytetrafluoroethylene surfaces have been treated to reduce thrombogenicity in order to make them suitable for use in prosthetic devices that come in contact with blood. This was done by first etching the surface with potassium in liquid ammonia to produce double bonds and then using these double bonds as sites for grafting on polyacids or as sites for chemical reactions. Tubes so treated were tested for thrombo-genetic activity by implantation in the thoracic aorta or inferior vena cava of dogs. These tests showed that the thrombogenicity of a polytetrafluoroethylene surface can be reduced by attaching negatively charged groups provided the surface concentration of these groups is not too high (order of 1-2 × 10-6 equivalent per cm2 geometric area) and provided the distribution of these groups is uniform. Sulfonic acid groups obtained by chlorosulfonation and carboxyl groups attached by grafting tert-butyl crotonate and hydrolyzing to crotonic acid were effective. Long chains of poly(acrylic acid), poly-(ethylenesulfonic acid), and poly(vinyl alcohol) sulfate were less effective.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1970.070140201
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abhängigkeit der UV-Absorption binärer Styrol-Copolymerisate von der Länge der StyrolsequenzenHerrn Professor Dr. H.-G. TRIESCHMANN zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 12 (1970), S. 59-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The UV-spectrometer is proposed in the literature as a second detector for gel permeation chromatography, independent of the usual differential refractometer. The intention is to get information on the variation of the chemical composition of styrene copolymers with molecular weight. The present paper disproves the usual assumption that UV-absorption of styrene copolymers is depending only on the concentration of phenyl rings. However, the absorption also depends on the length of the styrene sequences and therefore mostly on the monomer ratio in the copolymer.The UV-spectra of binary styrene copolymers with ecrylonitrile, maleic anhydride and butadiene were measured at different monomer ratios. From the measurements we calculated the molar absorption coefficient of the phenyl ring for different absorption bands. In comparison with homopolystyrene it is shown that both the position and the absorption coefficient of the bands can depend on the sequence length distribution of the copolymers. We suggest this to be caused by dispersion interactions between neighbouring phenyl rings.Consequences for the use of a UV-spectrometer as a detector for gel permeation chromatography are discussed.
    Notes: Das UV-Spektrometer wurde in der Literatur als zweiter, von dem Differentialrefraktometer unabhängiger Detektor für die Gel-Permeations-Chromatographie von Styrol-Copolymerisaten vorgeschlagen, um Aussagen über die Molekulargewichtsabhängigkeit der chemischen Zusammensetzung von Styrolcopolymeren zu erhalten. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird gezeigt, daß entgegen den bisherigen Annahmen die UV-Absorption nicht nur von der Konzentration der Styrolkomponente in der untersuchten Lösung, sondern auch von der Länge der Styrolsequenzen und damit meistens von dem Monomerenverhältnis im eingesetzten Copolymerisat abhägt.Es wurden die UV-Spektren von binären Styrol-Copolymerisaten mit Acrylnitril, Maleinsäureanhydrid bzw. Butadien in Abhängigkeit vom Monomerenverhältnis bestimmt und die auf den Styrolgehalt normierten Extinktionskoeffizienten der einzelnen Banden berechnet. Dabei zeigte sich im Vergleich zum Homo-Polystyrol, daß sowohl die Lage des UV-Spektrums als auch das Intensitätsverhältnis der einzelnen Banden, d. h. ihre auf die Styrolkomponente bezogenen Extinktionskoeffizienten von der Sequenzlängenverteilung des Copolymerisates abhängen können. Als Ursache für diesen Effekt wird angenommen, daß die UV-Absorption durch eine Disparsions-Wechselwirkung der Phenylringe benachbarter Styroleinheiten beeinflußt wird.Die Konsequenzen für die Anwendung des UV-Spektrometers als GPC-Detektor werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1970.050120105
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Konstitution der Styrololigomeren aus der thermischen PolymerisationAuszugsweise vorgetragen im Makromolekularen Kolloquium in Freiburg i. Br. am 27. 2. 1970.Herrn Professor Dr. H. G. TRIESCHMANN zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 12 (1970), S. 25-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Saturated and unsaturated oligomers are formed by a side reaction during the thermal polymerization of styrene. MAYO has suggested that these oligomers are closely associated with the initiation step.Recently the structures of the dimer fraction were published by BROWN. By independent synthesis of the dimers we could confirm his results. The main components of the dimer fraction are trans- and cis-1.2-diphenylcyclobutane in a ratio of 3:1 ; also smaller amounts of 1.3-diphenylbutene-(3) and I-phenyltetralin were found.The aim of this work was to clarify the structures of the trimers. The trimer fraction contains about 30% of 1.3.5-triphenylhexene-(5), the structure of which was confirmed by independent synthesis. Furthermore we were able to show, that about 65% of the trimer fraction consists of the 4 optical inactive isomers of 1-phenyl-4-[1′-phenyläthyl-(1′)]-1.2.3.4.-tetrahydronaphthalene. Their structures were confirmed by dehydrogenation to 1-phenyl-4-[1′-phenyläthyl-(1′)]-naphthalene, which was identical to an independently synthesized sample.
    Notes: Bei der thermischen Polymerisation von Styrol entstehen in einer Nebenreaktion gesättigte und ungesättigte Oligomere, die nach MAYO in engem Zusammenhang mit der Startreaktion stehen.Durch unabhängige Synthese der Dimeren konnten wir die kürzlich von BROWN veröffentlichten Strukturen bestätigen. Hauptkomponenten der Dimerenfraktion sind trans- und cis-1.2-Diphenylcyclobutan im Verhältnis etwa 3:1; in kleineren Mengen wurden noch 1.3-Diphenylbuten-3 und 1-Phenyltetralin nachgewiesen.Hauptaufgabe dieser Arbeit war die Strukturaufklärung der trimeren Styrole. Das Auftreten von 1.3.5-Triphenylhexen-5 konnte durch Synthese gesichert werden; es ist zu etwa 30% in der Trimerenfraktion enthalten.Weiterhin konnten wir zeigen, daß etwa 65% der Trimerenfraktion aus den vier isomeren, optisch inaktiven 1-Phenyl-4-[1′-phenyläthyl-(1′)]-1.2.3.4.-tetrahydronaphthalinen bestehen. Die Struktur wurde durch Dehydrierung zum optisch inaktiven 1-Phenyl-4-[1′-phenyläthyl-(1′)]-naphthalin und dessen Vergleich mit einer unabhängig synthetisierten Probebewiesen.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1970.050120103
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermomechanical studies of polymer deformation II. A thermodynamic analysis of a viscoelastic material in sinusoidal deformation (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 320-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In this study, a linearly viscoelastic polyurethane film was subjected to continuous, sinusoidal deformation in a new isothermal deformation calorimeter, whose design details were recently reported (1). Internal energy and entropy of the polymer at each state in the deformation cycle were computed from heat rate and work rate data. This was made possible by using linear viscoelasticity theory to predict the irreversible entropy production. Thermal data were corrected for instrument time lag.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100603
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow behavior of concentrated solutions of an SBS block copolymer (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 70-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The non-Newtonian viscosity of concentrated solutions of a styrene-butadiene-styrene, SBS, block copolymer was measured with a novel capillary viscometer. Polymer concentrations ranged from 0.165 to 0.306 g/cc. Apparent shear rates ranged from 1 to 105 sec-1. Five different solvents were employed. All of the flow curves can be reduced to a single master curve with the same shape exhibited by monodisperse polystyrenes and the Graessley theory. The shift factor for the shear rate axis, τ0, approximately parallels the Rouse relaxation time, τR, but shows a residual concentration and solvent dependence not predicted by the Rouse form. For different solvents at the same concentration, better solvents show a minimum relative zero shear viscosity, η0/ηs, and a maximum ratio τR/τ0. It is concluded that all solvent effects are not adequately incorporated into the zero shear viscosity for the purposes of constructing master plots; however, the shape of the master plot is not affected by the solvent or the polymer block structure.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100204
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic mechanical properties of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether)-polystyrene blends (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Blends of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) (PPO) and atactic polystyrene (PS) have been prepared by mechanically mixing powders of the two polymers and subjecting the mixtures to three different thermal treatments. Three different compositions were studied by the dynamic mechanical and DSC techniques. The weight fractions of PPO in the mixtures were 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75. The dynamic mechanical measurements indicate that partial mixing took place but that two distinct phases, one rich in PS and the other in PPO, exist in all the mixtures studied. Each phase exhibits a characteristic relaxation peak associated with the glass transition of that phase. DSC measurements, on the other hand, reveal only a single glass transition apparently characteristic of the PS rich phase in each case. The results indicate that a given type of experiment will indicate compatibility or incompatibility depending upon the size of the molecular process it represents.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100302
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