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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (136)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (135)
  • 1990-1994  (244)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1965-1969  (27)
  • 1994  (244)
  • 1969  (27)
Collection
Keywords
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  • 1990-1994  (244)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1965-1969  (27)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nongenomic regulation of extracellular matrix events by vitamin D metabolites (1994)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 56 (1994), S. 331-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: 1,25-(OH)2D3 ; 24,25-(OH)2D3 ; matrix vesicles ; nongenomic regulation ; extracellular matrix ; alkaline phosphatase ; phospholipase A2 ; Protein kinase C ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Vitamin D metabolites appear to regulate chondrocytes and osteoblasts via a combination of genomic and nongenomic mechanisms. Specificity of the nongenomic response to either 1,25-(OH)2D3 or 24, 25-(OH)2D3 may be conferred by the chemical composition of the target membrane and its fluid mosaic structure, by the presence of specific membrane receptors, or by the interaction with classic Vitamin D receptors. Nongenomic effects have been shown to include changes in membrane fluidity, fatty acid acylation and reacylation, arachidonic acid metabolism and prostaglandin production, calcium ion flux, and protein kinaase C activity. Chondrocytes metabolize 25-(OH)D3 to 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3; production of these metabolites is regulated by both growth factors and hormones and is dependent on the state of cell maturation. 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3 may interact directly with extracellular matix vesicles to regulate their function in the matrix, including protease activity, resulting in matrix modefication and calcification. Isolated matrix vesicles, produced by growth zone chondrocytes, can activate latent transforming growth factor-β when incubated with exogenous 1,25-(OH)2D3. These observations suggest that nongenomic regulation of martix vesicle structure and function may be a mechanism by which mesenchymal cells, like osteoblasts and chndrocytes, may modulate events in the extracellular matrix at sites distant from the cell surace.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240560309
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increase in copy number of an integrated vector during continuous culture of Hansenula polymorpha expressing functional human haemoglobin (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 10 (1994), S. 1569-1580 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Hansenula ; haemoglobin ; integration ; continuous culture ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Recombinant human haemoglobin A (rHbA) was produced by a leucine-requiring strain of Hansenula polymorpha which had been transformed with an integration vector containing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae LEU2 gene and cDNAs for the expression of α and β globin each driven by the H. polymorpha MOX promoter. After 40 generations in a chemostat it was found that the integrated vector had become amplified in the host strain. In some cases this led to an increase in LEU2 gene dosage, but a loss of globin expression cassettes. In other cases the globin gene dosage also increased. These changes coincided with an increase in rHbA production in the culture, which was reversed when the dilution rate was increased. Isolates from a chemostat culture producing elevated levels of rHbA were grown in fed-batch fermentations, resulting in higher productivities than when inoculated with the parent strain. The rHbA produced was purified and characterized. Oxygen binding studies and electrospray mass spectrometry showed that the rHbA had been processed and assembled correctly, and behaved as a fully functional co-operative tetramer.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320101206
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of multiply charged ions from large molecules using massive-cluster impact (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 8 (1994), S. 403-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Massive-cluster impact is demonstrated to be an effective ionization technique for the mass analysis of proteins as large as 17 kDa. The design of the cluster source permits coupling to both magnetic-sector and quadrupole mass spectrometers. Mass spectra are characterized by the almost total absence of chemical background and a predominance of multiply charged ions formed from 100% glycerol matrix. The number of charge states produced by the technique is observed to range from +3 to +9 for chicken egg lysozyme (14 310 Da). The lower m/z values provided by higher charge states increase the effective mass range of analyses performed with conventional ionization by fast-atom bombardment or liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290080513
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Matrix-free desorption of biomolecules using massive cluster impact (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 8 (1994), S. 996-1000 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Massive-cluster impact (MCI) ionization was found to be capable of producing high secondary-ion yields from biological samples without the use of a liquid matrix. Dry samples of molecules as large as cytochrome c were observed to be efficiently desorbed without significant fragmentation by the MCI beam of glycerol clusters. In addition, signals from protonated molecules retained a significant proportion of their initial intensity even after several minutes exposure to the primary beam. It was determined that these remarkable phenomena are not the result of the build-up of a layer of glycerol caused by the cluster bombardment.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290081218
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions between brain mitochondria and cytoskeleton: Evidence for specialized outer membrane domains involved in the association of cytoskeleton-associated proteins to mitochondria in situ and in vitro (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 27 (1994), S. 233-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Brain mitochondria ; Microtubules ; Neurofilaments ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The surface distribution of several proteins (porin, hexokinase, and two proteins associated with microtubules or actin filaments) on the outer membrane of brain mitochondria was analyzed by immunogold labelling of purified mitochondria in vitro. The results suggest the existence of specialized domains for the distribution of porin in the outer mitochondrial membrane. Similarities between the distribution of porin and the distribution of microtubule-associated proteins bound in vitro to mitochondria suggested that mitochondria and microtubules interact by binding microtubule-associated proteins to porin-containing domains of the outer membrane. This hypothesis was supported by biochemical studies on outer mitochondrial proteins involved in in vitro binding of cytoskeleton elements. In vitro interactions between mitochondria and microtubules or neurofilaments were analyzed by electron microscopy. These studies revealed cross-bridging between the outer membrane of mitochondria and the two cytoskeleton elements. Cross-bridging was influenced by ATP hydrolysis and by several proteins associated with the surface of mitochondria or with microtubules. In addition, unidentified proteins which were recognized by antibodies to all intermediate filaments subunits were associated either with the mitochondrial surface or with microtubules. This data suggest the participation of additional cytoplasmic proteins in the interactions between cytoskeleton elements and mitochondria. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070270305
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of gonadotropins upon the incidence and kinetics of meiotic maturation of macaque oocytes in vitro (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 37 (1994), S. 467-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Oocyte maturation ; Germinal vesicle breakdown ; Polar body ; LH/FSH ; Macaque ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The specific aim of this study was to determine the effects of gonadotropins in vitro upon the incidence of and precise time interval to germinal vesicle breakdown (GVB) and extrusion of the first polar body (PB1) in oocytes from nonstimulated rhesus monkeys. Cumulus-enclod germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes from 10 normal, cycling rhesus monkeys in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle were cultured with either: (1) 1.0 μg/ml human follicle-stimulating hormone (hFSH), (2) 10 μg/ml human luteinizing hormone (hLH), (3) 1.0 μg/ml hFSH and 10 μg/ml hLH, or (4) no gonadotropins (controls). Oocytes (n = 234) were examined at 3-hr intervals from 0 to 21 hr and at 4-hr intervals from 24 to 52 hr for GVB and PB1. Neither the incidence of GVB (hFSH: 63.5%; hLH: 56.1%; both gonadotropins: 63.1%; no gonadotropins: 53.6%) nor extrusion of PB1 (hFSH: 41.3%; hLH: 36.4%; both gonadotropins: 36.9%; no gonadotropins; 31.9%) differed (P 〉 0.05) among treatments. The time to GVB was accelerated (P 〈 0.05) by gonadotropins (hFSH: 10.8 ± 1.7 hr; hLH: 10.1 ± 1.8 hr; both gonadotropins: 8.8 ± 1.1 hr) when compared to controls (17.4 ± 2.0 hr). However, the time interval to extrusion of PB1 did not differ (P 〉 0.05) among treatments (hFSH: 32.3 ± 1.2 hr; hLH: 35.1 ± 1.4 hr; both gonadotropins: 35.2 ± 1.3 hr; no gonadotropins: 34.1 ± 1.2 hr). The mean interval to extrusion of PB1 was 34.1 ± 0.6 hr. In conclusion, GVB and PB1 extrusions appear to be, in part, independently regulated events in macaque oocytes matured in vitro since the timing of PB1 extrusion is not tightly coupled with the onset of GVB. Although the developmental potential of oocytes may be enhanced by gonadotropins, alternative approaches must be developed to improve the poor competence of oocytes from nonstimulated monkeys to mature in vitro. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080370415
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid identification of specific mutations in the sequence of an enzyme variant produced by protein engineering using high-performance liquid chromatographic/fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric techniques (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 23 (1994), S. 675-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Unknown, specific mutations in the sequence of an enzyme variant (a Bacillus subtilisin protease) produced by protein engineering were identified using High-performance Liquid Chromatographic/Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometric (HPLC/FAB MS) techniques. The variant and the highly homologous wild-type enzyme were treated with CNBr followed by tryptic digestion. The resulting peptides were analysed using HPLC/frit FAB MS. The peptides with molecular masses beyond the range of the HPLC/MS system under the chosen scanning conditions were collected using HPLC and subsequently analysed ‘off-line’ using static FAB MS. This procedure allowed the complete amino acid sequence determination of the variant protease using the known amino acid sequence of the wild-type enzyme as reference.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200231105
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct determination of cotinine-N-glucuronide in urine using thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 23 (1994), S. 103-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A thermospray liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric method has been developed for direct determination of cotinine-N-glucurinode in the urine of smokers. Quantification was performed using methyl-d3-cotinine-N-glucuronide as internal standard and monitoring the protonated aglycons. Using a simple preparation, urine samples from four smokers were analyzed and the results compared favorably with those from a previously reported method that quantifies aglycon release following β-glucuronidase treatment. Amounts of cotinine-N-glucuronide found in urine from smokers ranged from less than 0.7 to 21 nmol ml-1, indicating wide inter-individual variability in the metabolic production of this metabolite. Cotinine-N-glucuronide was found to be the second most abundant urinary nicotine metabolite. A similar method was developed for trans-3′-hydroxycotinine-N-glucuronide but this compound was not detected in smokers' urine.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200230210
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional structure of lung elastin demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy/stereo-pair images (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 29 (1994), S. 254-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: TEM ; Formic acid ; Alkali ; Freeze-drying ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The aim of this study was to expose the inflated 3-D structure of lung elastin. Formic acid digestion followed by freeze-drying unveiled the lamellar framework. The 3-D structure of elastin was well preserved within the alveolar septa and ducts, as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy/stereo-pair photography. Elastin fibers are seen in the alveolar septa, which are continuous with the lamellae. The removal of collagen fibers and cells by formic acid was visualised as a function of time: The optimum was 48 hours. Transverse sections still retained some collagen fibrils and partially digested cells in addition to elastin as shown by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Forme acid digestion followed by critical point drying caused damage to the lamellar structures and they appeared to collapse. Sodium hydroxide digestion combined with freeze-drying did not preserve the 3-D lamellar structure of elastin, but converted it into flat ribbonlike bands. The main structures remaining following alkali treatment were identified by TEM as collagen fibrils well preserved in their original locations. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070290312
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of glucuronic acid conjugates of a novel angiotensin receptor antagonist (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 8 (1994), S. 217-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nanogram quantities of glucuronic acid conjugates of GR117289 in rat and dog bile have been analysed by semi-microbore high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/ionspray mass spectrometry with on-line UV diode array detection. The determination of drug metabolites in bile has often proved problematical due to the large number of endogenous components in this biological matrix, in particular the bile acids. Semi-microbore HPLC is useful for concentrating small quantities of material and, in combination with an on-line diode array detector, for distinguishing between drug related and endogenous components. A novel angiotensin II receptor antagonist, GR117289, had proved difficult to analyse by thermospray mass spectrometry because of its thermal lability. The use of the less thermally dependent technique of ionspray mass spectrometry allowed the characterization of nanogram quantities of glucuronic acid metabolites of GR117289 in bile.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290080218
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