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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The International Sun-Earth Explorer 3 (ISEE-3) magnetic field and plasma electron data from Jan - March 1983 have been searched to study thin current sheets in the deep tail region. 33 events were selected where the spacecraft crossed through the current sheet from lobe to lobe within 15 minutes. The average thickness of the observed current sheets was 2.45 R(sub E), and in 24 cases the current sheet was thinner than 3.0 R(sub E); 6 very thin current sheets (thickness lambda less than 0.5 R(sub E) were found. The electron data show that the very thin current sheets are associated with considerable temperature anisotropy. On average, the electron gradient current was about 17% of the total current, whereas the current arising from the electron temperature anisotropy varied between 8-45% of the total current determined from the lobe field magnitude.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 20; 22; p. 2427-2430
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A comprehensive study is conducted of traveling compression regions (TCRs) in the distant magnetotail; a total of 116 TCRs were studied from ISEE 3 observations. Strong support is obtained for the interpretation of TCRs as large-scale compressions of the lobes that are caused by the rapid downtail motion of plasmoids. TCRs furnish information on the 3D shape and volume of the plasmoid bulge. The close association noted between the substorm expansion phase onset and the TCRs provides strong support for the plasmoid model of magnetotail dynamics.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; A9; p. 15,425-15,446.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Detection and spectral examination of trace porphyrin complexes by demetallation with methanesulfonic acid and spectrofluorometry, compared to absorption spectrophotometry
    Keywords: CHEMISTRY
    Type: ; STITUTION OF ENGINEE
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  • 4
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Venus, Earth, and Mars have surfaces that display topographic domes and depressions with quasi-circular planimetric shapes, relief of 0 to several km, and large spatial scales (10(exp 2) to 10(exp 4) km). Our morphostructural mapping reveals hierarchical arrangements of these features. They are explained by a model of long-acting mantle convection, as a particular case of convection in a stratified and random inhomogeneous medium, which develops the form of a hierarchy of different convective pattern scales, each arising from different levels in the mantle. The hypothesis of transmantle flux tectonics parsimoniously explains a diversity of seemingly unrelated terrestrial planetary phenomena, including Earth megaplumes, global resurfacing epochs on Venus, and cyclic ocean formation and global climate change for Mars. All these phenomenon are hypothesized to be parsimoniously explained by a process of transmantle flux tectonics in which long-acting mantle convection generates stresses in blocks of planetary lithosphere to produce distinctive quasi-circular global-hierarchical morphostructure (QGM) patterns. Transmantle flux tectonics differs from plume tectonics in that individual plumes are not considered in isolation. Rather, a wholly interactive process is envisioned in which various spatial and temporal scales of convection operate contemporaneously and hierarchically within other scales. This process of continual change by hierarchical convective cells affects the surface at varying temporal and spatial scales, and its effects are discernable through their relic geological manifestations, the QGM patterns.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 1: A-F; p 473-474
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Oxygen atom recombination reactions with solid surfaces for mass spectrometer atomic oxygen composition correction in upper atmosphere
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-106805 , QSR-9 , NSSDC-ID-69-051A-04-PC
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A definition of the substorm is presented, and it is shown that the typical isolated substorm is produced by the superposition of effects of processes directly driven by the solar wind through dayside reconnection and those driven by unloading through nighttime reconnection. The single factor that determines whether a substorm will occur or not is the clock angle of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) around the earth-sun line. Only when this field points south of the GSM equatorial plane do the auroral electrojet indices depart from their quiet values. For a given clock angle, the level of activity increases with the IMF strength and solar wind velocity.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics (ISSN 0021-9169); 55; 8; p. 1091-1122.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: An intense geomagnetic substorm event on May 3, 1986, occurring toward the end of a strong storm period, is studied. The auroral electrojet indices and global imaging data from both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres clearly revealed the growth phase and expansion phase development for a substorm with an onset at 0111 UT. An ideally located constellation of four spacecraft allowed detailed observation of the substorm growth phase in the near-tail region. A realistic time-evolving magnetic field model provided a global representation of the field configuration throughout the growth and early expansion phase of the substorm. Evidence of a narrowly localized substorm onset region in the near-earth tail is found. This region spread rapidly eastward and poleward after the 0111 UT onset. The results are consistent with a model of late growth phase formation of a magnetic neutral line. This reconnection region caused plasma sheet current diversion before the substorm onset and eventually led to cross-tail current disruption at the time of the substorm onset.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; A3; p. 3815-3834.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The development of an enhanced convection channel within the Southern Hemisphere cusp ionosphere is studied on the basis of the combined PACE radar and DMSP satellite data sets. All data (solar wind and ionosphere) suggest that the event is a signature of enhanced magnetic merging, i.e., the ionospheric signature of a flux transfer event. It is suggested that such a signature arises from several minutes of continuous, enhanced merging rather than short-lived pulses of enhanced merging. The channel propagated westward at about 3 km/s and, when fully formed, its zonal dimension was comparable with the average width of the cusp. It is shown that the formation of polar patches is associated with the occurrence of convection channels.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; A3; p. 3767-3776.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The temporal relationship between subauroral ion drifts (SAIDs) and the phases of an auroral substorm is examined on the basis of multisatellite data. The time of expansive phase onset is identified and the time at which recovery begins is estimated. SAIDs are found to typically occur well after substorm onset (more than 30 min), during the substorm recovery phase. Substantial westward ion drifts and field-aligned currents are observed well equatorward of the auroral oval during the expansion phase of a substorm, but the drifts lack the narrow spike signature associated with SAIDs. A phenomenological model of SAID production that qualitatively agrees with the observed ionospheric signatures and substorm temporal relationship is proposed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; A4; p. 6069-6078.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Observations made during the growth phase and the onset of a substorm on August 31, 1986 are presented. About 20 min after the epsilon parameter at the magnetopause had exceeded 10 exp 11 W, magnetic field dipolarization with an increase of energetic particle fluxes was observed by the AMPTE Charge Composition Explorer (CCE) spacecraft at the geocentric distance of 8.7 R(E) close to magnetic midnight. The event exhibited local signatures of a substorm onset at AMPTE CCE and a weak wedgelike current system in the midnight sector ionosphere, but did not lead to a full-scale substorm expansion; neither did it produce large particle injections at GEO. Only after another 20 min of continued growth phase could the entire magnetosphere-ionosphere system allow the onset of a regular substorm expansion. The initial activation is interpreted as a 'pseudobreakup'. We examine the physical conditions in the near-Earth plasma sheet and analyze the development in the ionosphere using ground-based magnetometers and electric field observations from the STARE radar.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; A4; p. 5801-5813.
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