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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 651-668 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The herpes-type virus found in certain cell cultures derived from Burkitt's lymphoma, other human leukemias, and normal human leukocytes, was concentrated and partially purified by large-volume density gradient centrifugation using zonal centrifuge systems. Using the Jiyoye (P-3) cell line as a model, rate-zonal runs on disrupted cell suspensions in sucrose gradients yielded concentrates with high virus particle counts when 10-15 ml of packed cells were processed per liter of gradient. Isolation and removal of cell nuclei or fluorocarbon treatment of cell sonicates permitted virus recovery from larger volumes of cells per experiment. Zonal centrifugation of concentrated cell-free spent media from highly infected cell cultures yielded more purified virus than obtained from cells. Viral concentrates were prepared with particle counts of 1010-1011/ml and total protein concentrations of 0.2-0.5 mg/ml. Subsequent isopyenie-zonal centrifugation of the various high-count virus fractions from the zonal centrifuge showed a heterogeneity in buoyant virus density ranging from 1.18 to 1.27 in potassium tart rate. The spread in virus density was attributed to the different morphological forms of the virus observed by electron microscopy.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This study reports some findings on the effects of centrifugation on the viability of mammalian cells. The authors used Burkitt lymphoma cells cultivated in a synthetic medium containing 10% fetal calf serum for all experiments. Batch centrifugations were conducted in a RC2-B centrifuge (Ivan Sorvall, Incorporated, Norwalk, Connecticut USA) operated at 0 and 25°C. During centrifugation we exposed the cells to gravitational fields ranging from 24,800 to 42.200g. The results showed that at, 0°C and 25,800 or 42,000g no loss in cell viability occurred for up to 90 min exposures in the centrifugal field. However, at 25°C and for gravitational fields of 24,800 and 42,000g, there were appreciable losses in cell viability. Continuous centrifugation studies in the Sharples supercentrifuge (Division of Penn Salt Corporation, Warminister, Pennsylvania USA) were also conducted with bowl speeds up to 28,000 rpm (19,000g) and flow rates ranging from 1.4 to 20 1, hr. Slight, losses in cell viability were noted and postulated as caused by the shear stresses encountered by the cells. Some pumping studies using the lymphoma cells substantiate this conclusion.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 222-226 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bubble driven fluid circulations are present in bubble columns, gas lifts, pool boiling, etc. Their mechanism is shown to be quite similar to the mechanism of natural covection but with much larger driving forces. These circulations are stable in many baffled systems but unstable and rapidly changing in size, shape, and orientation in unbaffled systems. The effect of these circulations in bubble columns is to lower holdup and vapor residence time, thus decreasing the mass transfer efficiency of the column.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 169-173 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: One of the greatest difficulties in the analysis of mixing operations for powders is that of specifying the degree of mixedness in a quantitative manner. This problem is studied for on idealized model. A precise index of the degree of mixing is found for this model, which holds promise of being useful for real mixtures. It is shown that samples of a single size provide all the necessary information. The effect of sample size is defined quantitatively, and a minimum sample size is recommended.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 357 (1968), S. 107-108 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Kristalle von Borsäure wurden mit normalen Aminen behandelt. Auf diesem Wege ist es gelungen, eine Reihe von Komplexverbindungen darzustellen, in denen die Aminketten wahrscheinlich ungefähr senkrecht zur Schicht der Borsäure stehen. Die Amine lassen sich nicht gegen andere Substanzen austauschen. Es ist also nicht sicher, daß ein typischer Fall von „Zwischenschichtsorption“ vorliegt.
    Notes: Crystals of boric acid were treated with normal amines. In this way a series of complex salts were prepared, in which the amine chaines are probably oriented perpendicular to the boric acid layers. The amines can not be replaced by other substances, so it is not certain that this is a typical case of interlamellar sorption.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 101 (1968), S. 3070-3078 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Diphenylselenophosphinsäure-Se-phenylester (4) wird nach sechs neuen Methoden dargestellt. Der bisher unbekannte Triselenophosphorsäure-Se.Se.Se-triphenylester (8) läßt sich durch Umsetzung von Selenophenol mit PCl3 gewinnen. Die Selenophosphorsäure-O.O-dialkylester-Se-phenylester 10 erhält man aus Benzolselenylbromid mit Trialkylphosphiten 9 oder Dialkoxyphosphorylquecksilberchloriden 11.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 782-785 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Simple method for the potentiostatic determination of teh pitting potential in one single experimentA simple and fast method is described for the determination of the pitting potential of stainless steels. By using wire electrodes to which a constant DC-potential is applied one may scan potential ranges of any size in one single experiment. Tests with four autenitic steels in 1 N NaCl have shown that addition of Mo and Si displaces the pitting potential to higher values at room temperature; at higher temperature, however, this effect vanishes. Addition of NaBr and NaJ to the NaCl-solution produces a considerable increase of the pitting potential of Mo-free stainless steels. The experimental principle can be used also for the investigation of stress corroison cracking.
    Notes: Es wird eine einfache und schnelle Methode zur Ermittlung des ochfraßpotentials von nichtrostenden Stählen beschrieben. Durch die Verwendung von Drähten als Meßelektroden, an die eine festliegende gleichspannung angelegt wird, kann in einem einzigen Versuch ein beliebig großer Potentialbereich geprüft werden. Versuche mit 4 austenitischen Stählen in 1 n NaCl zeigen, daß Mo und Si das Lochfraßpotential bei Raumtemperatur anheben; dieser Effekt geht jedoch bei höherer Temperatur verloren. Zusäte von NaBr und NaJ zur NaCl-Lösung führen zu einer beträchtlichen Zunahme des Lochfraßpotentials von molybdänfreien nichtrostenden Stählen. Das Versuchsprinzip kann auch zur Unter suchung von Spannungskorrosion verwendet werden.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass spectra of 1-phenylethanol-1 and its analogues, specifically deuterated in the aliphatic chain, suggest that the [M—CH3]+ ion is represented partly by an α-hydroxybenzyl fragment. Moreover, the molecular ion loses successively - after scrambling of all hydrogen atoms, except those of CH3—a hydrogen atom and C6H6, generation the CH3CO+ ion.Diffuse peaks, found in the spectra of of 2-phenylethanol-1 and its analogues, specifically deuterated in the aliphatic chain and in the phenyl ring, show that the molecular ion loses C2H4O, possibly via a four-center mechanism, after an exchange of aromatic and hydroxylic hydrogens.Mass spectra of 1-phenylpropanol-2 and its analogues, specifically, deuterated in the aliphatic chain, demonstrate that in the molecular ion exclusively the hydroxyl hydrogen atom is transferred to one of the ortho-positions of the phenyl ring via a McLafferty rearrangement, generating the [M — C2H4O]+ ion. Furtherore, an eight-membered ring structure is proposed for the [M — CH3]+ ion to explain the loss of H2O and C2H2O from this ion after an extensive scrambling of hydrogen atoms.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 80 (1968), S. 209-213 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Als Antamanid bezeichnen wir einen Inhaltsstoff des grünen Knollenblätterpilzes, Amanita phalloides, der an der weißen Maus die tödliche Wirkung der Amanitatoxine Phalloidin und α-Amanitin bei spätestens gleichzeitiger Verabreichung aufhebt. Die Konzentration im Pilz ist allerdings so gering, daß dessen Giftwirkung überwiegt. Antamanid ist ein cyclisches Dekapeptid aus den L-Aminosäuren Alanin, Phenylalanin, Prolin und Valin, die zueinander im Molverhältnis von 1:4:4:1 stehen. Die Sequenz wurde durch Gaschromatographie-Massenspektrometrie aufgeklärt. Die Synthese auf einem klassischen Weg der Peptidchemie bewies die Richtigkeit der Strukturformel.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 115 (1968), S. 234-244 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Allylvinylsulfonat (AES) wurde durch radikalische Initiatoren unter verschiedenen Bedingungen polymerisiert. Die Polymeren enthalten 67 bis 86% cyclischer Grundbausteine, wenn die Monomerkonzentration zwischen 8,9 mol/l (Substanzpolymerisation) und 0,28 mol/l liegt. Der Anteil der Allylgruppen, der an der Polymerisation teilnimmt, ist viel höher, als man erwarten sollte auf Grund der Zusammensetzung der Copolymeren, die man aus Propylvinylsulfonat und Allyläthansulfonat erhält. Die Allylgruppe von AES wird in die Polymerkette ausschließlich über einen Cyclopolymerisationsmechanismus eingebaut.AES wurde mit Styrol, Methylacrylat und Vinylacetat copolymerisiert. Es wurden folgende Parameter gefunden: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm r}1({\rm AES})0.23 \pm 0.03;{\rm r}2({\rm styrene})} \\ {{\rm r1(AES)}0.07 \pm 0.02;{\rm r2(methyl}\,{\rm acrylate})} \\ {{\rm r1(AES)}3.6 \pm 0.2;{\rm r2(vinyl}\,{\rm acetate})} \\ \end{array}} \\ \end{array}} & {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {1.6 \pm 0.1} \\ {10.7 \pm 0.2} \\ {0.38 \pm 0.08} \\ \end{array}} \\ \end{array} $$\end{document} Der Prozentgehalt cyclischer Grundbausteine ist in Copolymeren mit Methylacrylat und Styrol niedrig, aber in Copolymeren mit Vinylacetat hoch. Bei der Copolymerisation mit Styrol bzw. Methylacrylat ist die Reaktivität von AES etwa die gleiche wie bei Bytylvinylsulfonat; bei der Copolymerisation mit Vinylacetat ist AES reaktiver als Butylvinylsulfonat. Dieser Anstieg der Reaktivität wird der Bildung cyclischer Radikale zugeschrieben. AES ist ein weiteres Beispiel fiir ein unsymmetrisches 1.6-Dien, in welchem die Reaktivität der weniger reaktiven Doppelbindung größer ist als in analogen Monomeren, in welchen nur diese eine Doppelbindung vorkommt.
    Notes: Allyl ethenesulfonate (AES) has been polymerized by radical initiators under different conditions. The polymers consist of 67 to 86% of cyclic recurring units for monomer concentrations going from 8.9 (bulk) to 0.28 mole·1-1. The amount of allyl groups taking part in the polymerization is much higher than expected from the composition of copolymers obtained from propyl ethenesulfonate and allyl ethanesulfonate. The allyl group of AES is incorporated in the polymer chain only via the cyclopolymerization mechanism.AES has been copolymerized with styrene, methyl acrylate, and vinyl acetate. The folowing copolymerization parameters were found: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm r}1({\rm AES})0.23 \pm 0.03;{\rm r}2({\rm styrene})} \\ {{\rm r1(AES)}0.07 \pm 0.02;{\rm r2(methyl}\,{\rm acrylate})} \\ {{\rm r1(AES)}3.6 \pm 0.2;{\rm r2(vinyl}\,{\rm acetate})} \\ \end{array}} \\ \end{array}} & {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {1.6 \pm 0.1} \\ {10.7 \pm 0.2} \\ {0.38 \pm 0.08} \\ \end{array}} \\ \end{array} $$\end{document} The percentage of cyclic recurring units is low in copolymers with methyl acrylate and with styrene but is high in those with vinyl acetate. In the copolymerization with styrene and with methyl acrylate the reactivity of AES is about equal to that of butyl thenesulfonate; in the copolymerization with vinyl acetate it shows a much higher reactivity than butyl ethenesulfonate. This increase in reactivity is attributed to the formation of cyclic radicals. AES is another example of an unsymmetrical 1.6-diene wherein the reactivity of the less reactive double bond is greater than that observed in analogous monomers where only that double bond is present.
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