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  • Springer  (30)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)  (14)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (7)
  • 2000-2004  (36)
  • 1965-1969  (15)
  • 1955-1959
  • 2001  (36)
  • 1967  (15)
Collection
Publisher
Years
  • 2000-2004  (36)
  • 1965-1969  (15)
  • 1955-1959
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subunit dissociation and reassociation leads to preferential crystallization of haemoglobin Bart's (γ4) from solutions of human embryonic haemoglobin Portland (ζ2γ2) at low pH (2001)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 57 (2001), S. 921-924 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A variety of human haemoglobins (Hbs) are produced at different stages of human development, including three embryonic Hbs, foetal Hb and adult Hb. All are heterotetramers. During crystallization experiments on human embryonic Hb Portland (ζ2γ2), it was discovered by crystallographic and biochemical analysis that the homotetramer Hb Bart's (γ4) preferentially crystallizes from ζ2γ2 solutions below pH 5. This results from dissociation of Hb Portland into γ2 dimers and ζ monomers and has interesting implications for subunit interactions and tetramer stability in Hbs. It also makes possible a full crystallographic analysis of Hb Bart's, which is of considerable medical significance because of its presence in the red blood cells of millions of people worldwide who suffer from α-thalassaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444901004516
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression, crystallization and preliminary characterization of methylmalonyl coenzyme A epimerase from Propionibacterium shermanii (2001)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 57 (2001), S. 706-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase (MMCE) is an enzyme that interconverts the R and S epimers of methylmalonyl-CoA in the pathway that links propionyl-CoA with succinyl-CoA. This is used for both biosynthetic and degradative processes, including the breakdown of odd-numbered fatty acids and some amino acids. The enzyme has been expressed in Escherichia coli both as the native enzyme and as its selenomethionine (SeMet) derivative. Crystals of both forms have been obtained by vapour diffusion using monomethylether PEG 2000 as precipitant. The native MMCE crystals are orthorhombic, with unit-cell parameters a = 56.0, b = 114.0, c = 156.0 Å, and the SeMet-MMCE crystals are monoclinic, with unit-cell parameters a = 43.6, b = 78.6, c = 89.4 Å, β = 92.0°; both diffract to better than 2.8 Å resolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444901002050
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle transport in DIII-D discharges with internal regions of enhanced confinement and counter injected neutral beams (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 1565-1572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An analysis of experimentally measured particle transport in tokamak plasmas with negative central magnetic shear is presented. The analysis is presented in terms of a simple model for turbulent transport which allows the separation of diagonal and off diagonal terms and allows the direct comparison of particle and energy transport. Comparing the measured fluxes to the fluxes predicted by a simple quasi analytical model which specifies a relation between the diagonal and off diagonal terms allows an understanding of the reason for the difference between energy and particle fluxes. In the center of discharges with a region of enhanced confinement (or internal transport barrier), the ion thermal diffusivity becomes small and comparable to neoclassical values and the particle diffusivity also becomes small and approaches the neoclassical values. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1358311
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of particle confinement in the high confinement mode plasmas with the edge localized mode of the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Tokamak-60 Upgrade and the DIII-D tokamak (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 1607-1611 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Particle confinement was compared for the high confinement mode plasmas with the edge localized mode in the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Tokamak-60 Upgrade (JT-60U) [S. Ishida, JT-60 Team, Nucl. Fusion 39, 1211 (1999)] and the DIII-D tokamak [J. L. Luxon et al., Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. 1, p. 159] considering separate confinement times for particles supplied by neutral beam injection (NBI) (center fueling) and by recycling and gas-puffing (edge fueling). Similar dependence on the NBI power was obtained in JT-60U and DIII-D. The particle confinement time for center fueling in DIII-D was smaller by a factor of 4 in the low density discharges and by a factor of 1.8 in the high density discharges than JT-60U scaling, respectively, suggesting the stronger dependence on the density in DIII-D. The particle confinement time for edge fueling in DIII-D was comparable with JT-60U scaling in the low density discharges. However, it decreased to a much smaller value in the high density discharges. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1362295
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progress toward long-pulse high-performance Advanced Tokamak discharges on the DIII-D tokamak : The 42nd annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the American Physical Society and the 10th international congress on plasma physics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 2208-2216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Significant progress has been made in obtaining high-performance discharges for many energy confinement times in the DIII-D tokamak [J. L. Luxon et al., Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Research (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. I, p. 159]. Normalized performance (measured by the product of βNH89 and indicative of the proximity to both conventional β limits and energy confinement quality, respectively) ∼10 has been sustained for 〉5 τE with qmin〉1.5. These edge localized modes (ELMing) H-mode discharges have β∼5%, which is limited by the onset of resistive wall modes slightly above the ideal no-wall n=1 limit, with approximately 75% of the current driven noninductively. The remaining Ohmic current is localized near the half-radius. The DIII-D electron cyclotron heating system is being upgraded to replace this inductively driven current with localized electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD). Density control, which is required for effective ECCD, has been successfully demonstrated in long-pulse high-performance ELMing H-mode discharges with βNH89∼7 for up to 6.3 s. In plasma shapes compatible with good density control in the present divertor configuration, the achieved βN is somewhat less than that in the high βNH89=10 discharges. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1355980
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal diffusivities in DIII-D show evidence of critical gradients (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 4128-4137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The ion thermal diffusivities (χi) in DIII-D [J. L. Luxon and L. G. Davis, Fusion Technol. 8, 441 (1985)] discharges exhibit a strong nonlinear dependence on the measured temperature gradients. In low confinement mode (L-mode) discharges with low toroidal rotation, the ion thermal diffusivity, χi, has an approximately Heaviside function dependence on the major radius divided by the radial scale length of the ion temperature, R/LTi. When R/LTi is less than a critical value, the χi's are very small. When R/LTi is about equal to the critical value, χi increases rapidly. Although the gradient profiles for high confinement (H-mode) have a different shape, they still show a critical gradient type of behavior. This type of dependence is consistent with the predictions for transport, which is dominated by ion temperature gradient modes and is a strong indicator that these modes are the main contributors toward L-mode transport in DIII-D and a major contributor to transport in a certain region of DIII-D H-mode discharges. When strong rotational shear is present, the thermal confinement is improved in regions of the plasma. In these regions, the dependence of the diffusivities on the gradients is changed. The type of change is consistent with the physical picture that when the E×B shearing frequency is greater than the maximum linear growth rate of the modes as calculated without shear, then the modes are stabilized and the transport is reduced. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1395567
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of pinching in the compact toroid injection experiment: Implications for a plasma opening switch (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 1237-1239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A compact toroid inductively stores the energy released by a capacitor bank as it is being accelerated. This energy can be stored for a period of more than ten microseconds and then transferred to a load on a much shorter time scale. This article presents framing camera images of the radial compression of plasma trailing behind a compact toroid as the compact toroid leaves its inner electrode. This compression illustrates the basic principles of a compact toroid plasma opening switch which could be used to drive fast z pinches. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1400773
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced peak power and short pulse operation of planar waveguide CO2 lasers (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 2276-2278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report a large peak power enhancement and reduction in pulse width for planar waveguide carbon dioxide lasers. Gain modulation through rf discharge power switching produces trains of laser pulses with peak power levels at up to 38 times the cw power level, with a pulse duration as low as 10 μs. Operation at repetition rates in the kHz region preserves the average power (100 W) of the normal cw/long pulse mode of operation. The laser is shown to operate close to the predicted boundaries dictated by thermal loading of the discharge. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1359148
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electric field induced instabilities at liquid/liquid interfaces (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 2377-2381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: External electric fields were used to amplify thermal fluctuations at the interface between two thin liquid films. Similar to the results shown previously for the enhancement of fluctuations at the polymer/air interface, interfacial fluctuations having a well-defined wavelength were enhanced with a characteristic growth rate. A simple theoretical framework to describe the experimental observations is presented. Both experiment and model calculation show a substantial reduction in feature size as a result of the change in surface/interfacial energy when going from the thin film to the bilayer case. Experimentally, features develop nearly 50 times faster for the bilayers in comparison to the polymer/air case. These results point to a simple route by which the nanoscopic feature can be easily and rapidly produced or replicated. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1338125
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structures of the B1 domain of protein L from Peptostreptococcus magnus with a tyrosine to tryptophan substitution (2001)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 57 (2001), S. 480-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The three-dimensional structure of a tryptophan-containing variant of the IgG-binding B1 domain of protein L has been solved in two crystal forms to 1.7 and 1.8 Å resolution. In one of the crystal forms, the entire N-terminal histidine-tag region was immobilized through the coordination of zinc ions and its structural conformation along with the zinc coordination scheme were determined. However, the ordering of the histidine tag by zinc does not affect the overall structure of the rest of the protein. Structural comparisons of the tryptophan-containing variant with an NMR-derived wild-type structure, which contains a tyrosine at position 47, reveals a common fold, although the overall backbone root-mean-square difference is 1.5 Å. The Y47W substitution only caused local rearrangement of several side chains, the most prominent of which is the rotation of the Tyr34 side chain, resulting in a 6 Å displacement of its hydroxyl group. A small methyl-sized cavity bounded by β-strands 1, 2 and 4 and the α-helix was found in the structures of the Y47W-substituted protein L B1 domain. This cavity may be created as the result of subsequent side-chain rearrangements caused by the Y47W substitution. These high-resolution structures of the tryptophan-containing variant provide a reference frame for the analysis of thermodynamic and kinetic data derived from a series of mutational studies of the protein L B1 domain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444901000373
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