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  • Articles  (610)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (610)
  • 1965-1969  (610)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1966  (610)
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  • Articles  (610)
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  • 1965-1969  (610)
  • 1945-1949
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cast polyacrylonitrile. II. PropertiesProd. No. 1314 (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 429-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyacrylonitrile sheet cast by a novel method described in Part I is clear, colorless, chemically resistant, brittle, and rather weak. It undergoes irreversible thermal changes above about 80°C., but if heated quickly, it can be oriented to give greater strength parallel to the direction of orientation. Some improvement in strength can be achieved by the use of fibrous fillers. Certain copolymers are stronger than the homopolymer but have lower softening temperatures.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100307
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The application of the Geddes fractionation index to crude distillation units (1966)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 12 (1966), S. 432-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The degree of separation effected by a fractionator can be measured by a fractionation index n. The index is the equivalent number of theoretical plates, operating at total reflux, which would effect the same component separation as the fractionator.The value of the fractionation index is readily calculated from the Fenske-Underwood equation when component analyses of the feed and products are available.In the case of crude oils, the number of components is so great that resolution in the laboratory is not practicable, and the feed and products are customarily analyzed by high efficiency laboratory fractionators which give their true boiling point characteristics. In this form, the data have been broken down into short fractions which have then been treated as pseudo components in subsequent column calculations.This paper presents a method for treating the product TBP curves as algebraic functions without the necessity for breaking the feed TBP data into arbitrary short fractions. The fractionation index can be derived directly from product TBP data, or the TBP data can be calculated when the fractionation index is known.Data from performance tests on three commercial units have been analyzed. The TBP distillation analyses of the crude oils and the products enabled the fractionation indices pertaining to each section of the fractionators to be evaluated.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690120309
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared study of poly(vinyl fluoride) (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 401-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Poly(vinyl fluoride) polymers prepared at different polymerization temperatures have been examined in the melt, oriented, and solid state by infrared spectroscopy. Bands arising from the head-to-tail and head-to-head-tail-to-tail portions of the polymer have been isolated and assigned. The head-to-head-tail-to-tail portion of the polymer crystallizes in the head-to-tail unit cell except for a portion of the 1,2-difluorethylene units which apparently have the gauche (out-of-plane) structure. The head-to-tail portion of the polymer is nearly atactic, but is somewhat rich in syndiotactic chain structure. Bands arising from local syndiotactic order are observed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040310
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchung der physiko-chemischen Mechanismen der Oxido-Reduktion von porösen mit Cadmiumhydroxid imprägnierten Elektroden (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 38 (1966), S. 671-675 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es wird der Einfluß der Stromstärke, der Temperatur und der KOH-Konzentration bei der Ladung auf die Kapazität der Elektroden durch Messung der bei der Entladung mit konstanter Stromstärke bzw. konstanter Spannung abgegebenen Elektrizitätsmenge bestimmt. Diese Ergebnisse gemeinsam mit Löslichkeitsbestimmungen des Cd(OH)2 in KOH und Röntgenfeinstruktur-Analysen der Elektroden lassen Schlüsse auf die physikalisch-chemischen Vorgänge an den negativen Platten von Nickel/Cadmium-Akkumulatoren zu.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330380618
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Les polyélectrolytes à l'interface liquide-liquide (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 4 (1966), S. 765-775 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The behavior of films of polyelectrolytes at the water-organic liquid interface depends on the nature of the interface and the pH of the substratum. The present paper investigates the influence of these two factors on the cohesive forces between monomer units. Two polyelectrolytes were studied: poly(methacrylic acid) (APM) and poly-2-vinylpyridine (2-PVP). In the case of uncharged films, the collapse pressure decreases when the polarity of the organic phase becomes more important, whereas the term ω/kT, which appears in the theory of Motomura and Matuura, increases. A quantitative relation between the parameter ω/kT and the collapse pressure may be deduced. The behavior of the ionized surface film at different pH values is modified by the choice of the interface. However, there exists a competition between two phenomena: the dissolution of ionized residues in the substratum and the electrostatic repulsion between charges in the surface plane. Depending upon whether the first or the second parameter is more important, we observed that the surface pressure decreased or increased with the degree of ionization.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.160040508
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactivity of functional groups in surface coating polymers. Part I. Hydroxyl groups in alkyd resins (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 981-991 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The factors which can influence the availability of functional groups in polymers are considered. In particular, the importance of hydroxyl groups in the formation and Film-forming reactions of alkyd resins is discussed, and evidence is presented to suggest that the number of hydroxyl groups available for chemical reaction is not necessarily equivalent to the theoretical value. Factors which influence the availability of the hydroxyl groups are considered, and some of the properties of the alkyd are related to the available hydroxyl content.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100703
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yield in continuous aerobic bacterial fermentationPresented by Edward J. Martin at the 150th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Microbial Chemistry and Technology Division, Atlantic City, New Jersey, September 13-16, 1965. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 433-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Presented is a mathematical model for the continuous-flow steady-state bacterial culture which permits the experimental determination of carbon transfer rates within the system by use of radioactive tracer techniques. The transfer rates are specific for hydraulic loading rates, feed concentrations, type of organism, and substrate, and were incorporated within the existing theoretical description of the growth kinetics in order to elucidate the yield relationships. The carbon transfer rate of cells to soluble organic substrate was observed to exhibit a minimum value at or near dilution rate D = 0.5 hr.-1. A maximum effective yield coefficient, Y, was observed at the same value of D. At dilution rates greater and less than D = 0.5 hr.-1, the cell-substrate transfer rate increased, and effective yield coefficient was observed to decrease. The former showed increases of 50-200%, and the latter exhibited decreases of the order of 10%. The magnitude of these variations would seem to be significant in industrial fermentation processes which utilize continuous microbiological cultures. In light of these findings, the results of other researchers were shown to exhibit maximum effective yield at similar dilution rates or process loadings.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080309
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microflotation: New low gas-flow rate foam separation technique for bacteria and algae (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 135-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Foam separation of microorganisms has been investigated with varying success by many workers, usually at high rates of gas flow. Microflotation was developed to overcome some of the disadvantages inherent in these high gas-flow-rate processes and is introduced in this paper as a new technique for the foam separation of microorganisms at low gas-flow rates. With microflotation, a stable surface phase is produced by adding an insoluble collector such as a long-chain fatty acid or amine. The formation of an insoluble surface phase eliminates the need for high foaming. Low rates of gas flow are used resulting in a more efficient separation and a less voluminous and drier surface phase upon which to collect the microorganisms. The efficiency of this technique is also improved by using flotation aids such as frothers and flocculents. Frothers are used to improve the collector properties of the surfactant and to refine further the small bubbles produced by a very fine sparger. Small concentrations of flocculents, such as alum, are used to partially agglomerate the organisms and provide sites for adsorption of collector. The work described in this paper is preliminary in nature, designed to illustrate that a low flow-rate process may be used to separate microorganisms and to stimulate further research. The applications discussed are removal of the bacterium, Escherichia coli, and alum, and two species of algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella ellipsoidea, using stearylamine without alum. The frother used was ethanol.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080112
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Korrosionsverhindernde Additive in ölbeheizten Kesseln (1966)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 218-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion-inhibiting additives in oil-fired boilersA really effective inhibitor must have the following properties: It must be free from metallic particles so that no additional deposits occur; it must promote combustion so as to keep the sulphur trioxide content of the combustion gases low even in the presence of a great quantity of excess air; it must be capable of mixing freely with the fuel oil, and must prevent the formation of vanadium pentoxide. These conditions appear to be fulfilled by a pyridine-based additive which has been investigated at the laboratory and under working conditions. The prevention of sulphur trioxide formation is likely to be due to the fact that, during combustion, the additive reacts with the vanadium compounds of the fuel oil, forming lower vanadium oxides. An incidental result obtained during tests under working conditions was a considerable reduction in the iron sulphate deposits. The test results point to two possible applications of this additive, vis. (a) in large boilers while the additional air is reduced, and (b) in small boilers, irrespective of the quantity of excess air.
    Notes: Ein wirklich wirksamer Inhibitor muß die folgenden Eigenschaften besitzen: er muß frei von metallischen Elementen sein, damit keine zusätzlichen Ablagerungen entstehen; er muß die Verbrennung begünstigen, um auch in Gegenwart von viel Überschußluft den Schwefeltrioxidgehalt der Verbrennungsgase niedrig zu halten; er muß gute Mischbarkeit mit dem Heizöl aufweisen und Vandiumpentoxidbildung verhindern. Diesen Bedingungen scheint ein Additiv auf Pyridinbasis zu entsprechen, das im Laboratorium und unter Betriebsbedingungen untersucht wurde. Die Verhinderung der Schwefeltrioxidbildung dürfte darauf beruhen, daß es bei der Verbrennung mit den Schwefelverbindungen des Heizöls reagiert und dabei Verbindungen entstehen, die nur schwer in Schwefeldioxid gespalten werden können. In gleicher Weise reagiert es mit den Vanadiumverbindungen des Heizöls unter Bildung der niederen Vanadiumoxide. Als zusätzliche Wirkung zeigte sich bei den Betriebsversuchen auch eine wesentliche Verringerung der Eisensulfatablagerungen. Auf Grund der Ergebnisse ergeben sich zwei Möglichkeiten für die Anwendung dieses Additivs: (a)in großen Kesseln bei gleichzeitiger Verringerung der Zusatzluft(b)in kleinen Kesseln unabhängig von der Menge der Zusatzluft.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19660170306
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Korrosion austenitischer Überhitzerstähle durch Alkalisulfat/Alkalichlorid-Gemische in Luft und in VerbrennungsgasenVortrag, gehalten auf der Europäischen Tagung: „Korrosion durch heiße Gase und Verbrennungsprodukte 1965“ in Frankfurt/M. (1966)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 17 (1966), S. 197-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The corrosion of austenitic superheater steels by alkali sulphate/alkali chloride mixtures in air and combustion gasesIn view of the fact that, in superheaters, with metal temperatures in excess of 590° C, deposits with sulphate content give rise to heavy corrosion, investigations have been carried out into the behaviour of three austenitic steels exposed to alkali sulphate/alkalie chloride mixtures at temperatures ranging from 540 to 760° C. The atmosphere above the crucibles during the tests consisted of air and a synthetic combustion gas to which SO2 and SO3 had been added. The tests showed that the pure sulphates are harmless, but that even a small quantity of NaCl (0.5 to 2 percent.) may result in catastrophic oxidation (at temperatures between 630 and 760° C). In the synthetic combustion. gas, potassium sulphate was found to be more corrosive that sodium sulphate. A chloride additon has no major effect except at temperatures above 630° C, presumably due to complex alkali-iron-sulphates. With all tests, corrosion was intergranular.
    Notes: Da bei Metalltemperaturen oberhalb 590° C sulfathaltige Ablagerungen in Überhitzern zu starker Korrosion führen, wurde das Verhalten von drei austenitischen Stählen gegen Alkalisulfat / Alkalichlorid-Gemische zwischen 540 und 760° C untersuch. Als Versuchsatmosphäre über den Schmelztielgeln dienten Luft und ein synthetisches Verbrennungsgas mit Zusatz von SO2 und SO3. Die Versuche zeigten, dß die reinen Sulfate unschädlich sind, daß jedoch schon 0,5 bis 2% NaCl zu katastrophaler Oxydation führen (zwischen 630 und 760° C). In synthetischem Verbrennungsgas erwies sich Kaliumsulfat aggressiver als Natriumsulfat; Chloridzusatz wirkt sich nicht stark aus; erst ab 630° C zeigte sich stärkerer Angriff, wahrscheinlich durch komplexe Alkali-Eisen-Sulfate. Der Angriff war bei allen Versuchen intergranular.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19660170303
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