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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and polymerization of vinyl esters of nonhydroxy carnuba wax acids and acrylic esters of carnuba wax alcoholsThis is a partial report of work done under contract with four Utilization Research and Development Divisions, Agricultural Research and Development Divisions, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, and authorized by the Research and Marketing Act. The contract was supervised by Dr. J. C. Cowan of the Northern Division. (1965)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 3 (1965), S. 2877-2883 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The acrylic esters of carnuba wax alcohols and the vinyl esters of nonhydroxy carnuba wax acids have been synthesized. The acrylic and vinyl esters have been homopolymerized and copolymerized with vinyl chloride. Acrylonitrile-acrylic ester copolymers also have been prepared. The copolymers were quite brittle when molding was attempted.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1965.100030814
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methyl α-cyanoacrylate. II. Copolymerization studiesPresented in part at the 136th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Atlantic City, New Jersey, September 1959. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 429-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Copolymerization of methyl alpha;--cyanoacrylate with five reference monomers gave values e = +2.1 and of log Q = 0.65, with much scatter in the latter value. Alternating copolymers are formed by copolymerization with monomers of e = -0.8 or less. Bulk copolymerization with such monomers could not be accomplished, as a rapid noncatalyzed polymerization occurred upon mixing even at 0°C. Random copolymers with methyl methacrylate could be prepared in bulk; those with ca. 10% methyl methacrylate had physical properties similar to the homopolymer of methyl α--cyanoacrylate, except that the heat distortion temperature was lowered 10-15°C. The alternating copolymers were more thermally stable than the random copolymers. Glass temperature values for alternating copolymers do not appear to agree with values predicted from equations for random copolymers.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090204
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscoelastic behavior of the polycarbonate of bisphenol A (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 447-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The viscoelastic properties and thermal expansion properties of bisphenol A polycarbonate have been studied in the neighborhood of the major glass transition temperature. A discussion is given of the possible relation of these properties to the unusual impact resistance of this polymer in the glassy state.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090206
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Curing ethylene-propylene rubber terpolymers with dimethacrylate monomers. II. Effect of unsaturation (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 1579-1584 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In a previous paper it was shown that the vulcanization obtained with ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer is equivalent or superior to that obtained with ethylene-propylene copolymer when a peroxide-dimethacrylate coagent cure system was used. In order to determine the effect of the unsaturation on the physical properties in the terpolymer, the terpolymer had been hydrogenated to remove the double bonds. Infrared spectra and bromination were used to check the extent of hydrogenation. Tensile strength, Shore A hardness, per cent elongation, and modulus indicated no decrease in vulcanization efficiency after hydrogenation. The data show that the unsaturation in the terpolymer does not contribute to the vulcanization cure with the peroxide-dimethacrylate coagent curing system.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090433
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intramolecular hydride shift polymerization by cationic mechanism. VII. The polymerization of 4-methyl-1-hexene (1965)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters 3 (1965), S. 729-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2986
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1965.110030909
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elastomers based on polycyclic bisphenol polycarbonatesPresented in part at the Polycarbonate Symposium, Southeastern Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society, October 15-17, 1964, Charleston, West Virginia. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 3451-3463 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polycarbonate elastomers were prepared by the addition of phosgene to a pyridine solution of poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol and bisphenols containing norbornanetype groups. These elastomers do not contain the classical “tie-down” points - crosslinks, hydrogen bonding, or crystallinity - which, heretofore, have been considered necessary for good elastomer properties. This work introduces a new concept in elastomer chemistry: bulky, three-dimensional groups are effective tie-down points. Most of the elastomers were prepared with 4,4'-(2-norbornylidene)bis(2,6-dichlorophenol). For comparison, several elastomers with bisphenol-A were also prepared. A statistically designed experiment was carried out to determine the effect of composition variables on the properties of these elastomers. The properties were determined on films cast from methylene chloride and, in many cases, on wet-spun fibers. These elastomers have elongations of 400-600% and instantaneous elastic recoveries up to 100%.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070091022
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glass transition temperatures of poly(methyl methacrylate) plasticized with low concentrations of monomer and diethyl phthalate (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 3795-3818 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of low plasticizer concentrations on the glass transition temperature of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) has been studied experimentally for diethyl phthalate (DEP) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) as plasticizers. Volume dilatometry, differential thermal analysis, and a torsional pendulum were used to determine glass transition temperatures. The monomer-plasticized PMMA samples were prepared by polymerizing MMA to a limiting conversion which was found to depend primarily on temperature. At temperatures slightly above the glass transition temperature of a MMA-PMMA system, a polymerization reaction occurred at a rate rapid enough to complicate the interpretation of the dilatometric and differential thermal analysis methods for determining the glass transition temperature. However, the torsional pendulum method could be used since it did not require measurements to be made at temperatures where polymerization could occur. The differential thermal analysis results showed that the temperature at which the polymerization reaction was first detectable was related to the glass transition temperature of the MMA-PMMA solution. The measured glass transition temperatures were compared with the predictions of the theories of Fox, Kelley, and Bueche, and Dimarioz and Gibbs on the effect of plasticizer concentration on the depression of the glass transition temperature.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070091202
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crosslinking in keratins. I. Theory for solubility on simultaneous chain scission and crosslink cleavage (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 2819-2827 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: For a crosslinked polymer with a uniform molecular weight distribution we derive expressions for the amount soluble after any amount of crosslink cleavage or chain scission. Two closed-form results are obtained. One is an approximate form based on the formalism of Charlesby and is usable for most needs. The other, based on a degradation distribution from Montroll and Simha, is exact but rather more cumbersome. We compare numerical results from each approach.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090816
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fracture surface work measurements on glassy polymers by a cleavage technique. II. Effects of crosslinking and preorientation (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 609-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: It has recently been postulated that viscous flow, or plastic deformation, occurs near the tip of an advancing crack in glassy amorphous polymers such as Plexiglas, and this results in molecular orientation at the fracture surface. The evidence for this has been the appearance of colors on fresh fracture surfaces of Plexiglas and the extremely high measured surface work which is 1000 times greater than the theoretical surface energy. The effect of crosslinking has been studied by measuring the surface work of crosslinked forms of Plexiglas and highly crosslinked thermosetting polymers. The surface work decreases as the degree of crosslinking in Plexiglas increases. Colors are absent on the fracture surface of the highly crosslinked Plexiglas, and the surface is mirror-smooth. The effect of crosslinking is to inhibit viscous flow or plastic deformation at the tip of the crack. The surface work of polyester and epoxy resins have been measured and found to be a factor of 10 smaller than the linear polymers, but still remain much higher than the theoretical estimates. Preorienting Plexiglas or polystyrene reduces the surface work of a crack propagating parallel to the orientation and increases the surface work of a crack normal to the orientation. The colors on the fracture surfaces of preoriented Plexiglas samples either disappear or change to colors of shorter wavelengths if the crack is propagated parallel to the orientation. This is a good indication that orientation occurs at the tip of a crack and is responsible for the appearance of colors on Plexiglas fracture surfaces. The surface work of 150% hotstretched polystyrene is 7000 erg/cm.2, and the fracture surface is mirror-smooth. This surface work is greater by only a factor of 10 than the theoretical estimate and suggests that only a small amount of molecular motion has taken place.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090222
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermoplasticity of acetylated cotton yarn as influenced by degree of substitution, temperature, and other factorsPaper presented at the 147th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Philadephia, Pa., April 5-10, 1964. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 1533-1546 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The relative degree of thermoplasticity of acetylated cotton yarns has been determined by a technique developed for the purpose. The interfering contribution of hydrogen bonding could be eliminated by a wetting-out process. The yarns were acetylated to degrees of substitutions ranging from 0.77 to 2.93. Heat setting was applied either in vacuum or at atmospheric pressure in the presence of water vapor at temperatures in the range of 110-225°C. The thermoplasticity observed over a period of 30 days was permanent but readily removable by another application of heat setting. The effect of degree of substitution upon thermoplasticity could be represented by sigmoidal curves beginning at about DS = 1 and increasing rapidly and asymptotically to a maximum at about DS = 2.25. In vacuum or water vapor the maximum thermoplastic response occurred at 175°C., but the response was greater with water vapor. Under vacuum heating a very distinct minimum response occurs at 180°C., due to second-order transition effect. Upon heating in the presence of water vapor a distinct minimum response occurs at 200°C. with secondary minima at 150 and 120°C. Prior crystallization (by heating to 200-225°C.) greatly reduces thermoplasticity due to reduction of the amorphous component, but does not completely eliminate it.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090428
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