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  • Springer  (16)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (2)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Oxford University Press
  • 1990-1994
  • 1960-1964  (18)
  • 1963  (18)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 172 (1963), S. 302-313 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Quantum electrodynamics with non-vanishing photon mass is written down in interaction representation. To apply the Wick decomposition formalism of theS-matrix one can introduce an indefinite metricη, similar to that of Gupta-Bleuler's quantum electrodynamics with vanishing photon mass. It will be shown that the complementary photons can be eliminated from the formalism with the help of the subsidiary condition. By a succeeding unitary transformation allx-singularities (x=photon mass) can be removed. The limiting processx→0, which then becomes possible, leads to the well-known so-called ‘reduced’ theory of quantum electrodynamics. A physical interpretation of this limiting process will be tried using, as a simple example, the radiation of an electric dipole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein CsJ(Tl)-Kristall-Spektrometer erwies sich in Verbindung mit Impulsformdiskrimination als geeigneter Detektor zur Messung der Energiespektren von Photoprotonen. Beim Sauerstoff und Neon konnten die Strukturen in der Energieverteilung der Protonen und der absolute Wirkungsquerschnitt der (γ, p)-Reaktion bestätigt werden. Die Messungen am Kohlenstoff ergaben im allgemeinen Verlauf ebenfalls Übereinstimmung mit den bisherigen Messungen. Die zahlreichen Strukturen im Photoprotonenspektrum des Stickstoffs lassen sich wegen der Vielfalt möglicher Reaktionskanäle noch nicht zuordnen.
    Notes: Abstract The energy spectra of photoprotons from carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and neon were investigated with 30·5 MeV bremsstrahlung of the Heidelberg betatron using a CsI(Tl)-spectrometer. The known resonances could be confirmed, new resonances are found in nitrogen. Yields and cross sections relative to those of the reaction C12(γ, n)C11 are given.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 51 (1963), S. 929-930 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 19 (1963), S. 342-352 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 199 (1963), S. 167-168 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] So far we had observed no X-ray spikes in any synthetic diamond examined. Through the kindness of Drs. R. H. Wentorf and H. M. Strong of the General Electric Co., Schenectady, we have now had the opportunity of examining very small synthetic diamonds which have been doped with boron, aluminium and ...
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 197 (1963), S. 1094-1095 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] One approach towards greater generality is that which has been discussed by Willmore, Scheidegger and Bancroft1'2 from which the postulate of plane stratification is eliminated. Instead of this, it is assumed that there is a surface in the ground below which the travel-time is a function of ...
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematische Zeitschrift 82 (1963), S. 394-402 
    ISSN: 1432-1823
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 1 (1963), S. 208-213 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cette communication décrit l'influence des vibrations thermiques sur les intensités de rayons électroniques diffractés par une feuille polycristalline d'aluminium à différentes températures (150–800°K). Au moyen d'un champ retardateur on a déterminé les intensités d'électrons (50 keV) diffusés élastiquement. Les résultats montrent que les intensités de toutes les réflexions obéissant à la théorie cinématique sont décrites par le facteur de Debye-Waller exp(−2M) dans un grand domaine de variation de la grandeur 2M. A l'aide de cette dernière, on a calculé la température de DebyeΘ M de l'aluminium pour différentes températures. Ces valeurs concordent avec celles qui découlent de la mesure des rayons X.
    Abstract: Abstract The influence of thermal vibrations on the electron diffraction intensities of a polycristalline aluminium-foil has been studied. The intensities of the electrons (50 keV) scattered elastically at various foil temperatures (150–800°K) were measured by means of a retarding field apparatus. The experimental results show, that the temperature dependence of the diffraction intensities of all reflections, for which the kinematical theory holds, can be well described by the Debye-Waller factor exp(−2M) within a large range of 2M. From the value of 2M the Debye-temperatureΘ M for aluminium at different temperatures was determined. The absolute value as well as the temperature dependence ofΘ M are in agreement with the results obtained from X-ray measurements.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß der thermischen Gitterschwingungen auf die Elektronenbeugungsintensitäten einer polykristallinen Aluminium-Folie wurde untersucht. Die Intensitäten der bei verschiedenen Folientemperaturen (150–800°K) elastisch gestreuten Elektronen (50 keV) wurden mit einer Gegenfeldanordnung gemessen. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Beugungsintensitäten aller Reflexe, die sich kinematisch verhalten, über einen großen Bereich von 2M sehr gut durch den Debye-Waller Faktor exp(−2M) beschrieben werden kann. Aus den gemessenen Werten 2M wurde die Debye-TemperaturΘ M von Aluminium bei verschiedenen Temperaturen bestimmt. Sowohl der Absolutwert als auch die Temperaturabhängigkeit vonΘ M stimmen mit den Ergebnissen von Röntgenstrahlmessungen überein.
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