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  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (24)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1950-1954
  • 1977  (24)
  • 1963
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The characterization of SV40-transformed cell lines derived from mouse teratocarcinoma: Growth properties and differentiated characteristicsA portion of this work was presented at the Conference on “Regulation of Gene Expression in Development and Neoplasia” which was published in Cancer Research, 36, 4217-4223, 1976. (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 93 (1977), S. 269-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mouse teratocarcinoma cells derived from embryoid bodies of 129SVsl mice were cultured in vitro to permit their differentiation. These cells were then infected with simiam virus 40 (SV40) and 31 cloned cell lines (SVTER) were derived from these cultures. All 31 SVTER cell lines contained the SV40 tumor (T) antigen and grew as permanent lines in culture. Mock-infected embryoid body cultures did not give rise to permanent cell lines. The morphology of each SVTER cell line was distinct and did not change during successive subclonings.The growth properties and tumorigenic potential of all 31 SVTER cell lines were investigated. None of these lines produced tumors in 129SVsl mice. Each cell line was tested for its ability to (1) grow in medium containing 1% serum, (2) plate on a cell monolayer, and (3) form clones in methocel suspension. Only three of the SVTER cell lines were transformed with respect to all three of these criteria. Most of these cell lines were minimal transformation.The SVTER cell lines were tested for creatine phosphokinase (CPK), an enzyme activity characteristic of mouse brain and muscle tissue, and the protease, plasminogen activator (PA) which is found in embryoid bodies and several differentiated cell types. Some of the SVTER cell lines contained high levels of CPK, while others had high levels of PA and a third group of cells contained neither enzyme activity. No SVTER cell line was found with high levels of both these enzyme activities. This result suggests that mutually exclusive sets of genes are expressed in these cells as might be expected from the distinct tissue distribution of the two enzyme activities studied. These SVTER cell lines may be useful in reconstructing developmental pathways of differentiating teratomas in vitro.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040930212
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ankle flexor muscles in the cat: Length-active tension and muscle unit properties as related to locomotionSupported in part by the Institutional Studies and Research Committee of Northern Arizona University and by USPHS Grant Ns 07888 to D. G. Stuart. (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 153 (1977), S. 23-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The mechanical properties of the whole muscle and fast-twitch muscle units of the cat hindlimb pretibial flexors have been explored and related to normal locomotion. Tibialis anterior (TA) is parallel-fibered and functionally crosses a single joint, the ankle, whereas extensor digitorum longus (EDL) is pinnate and spans the ankle, knee, metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints. The active tetanic tension of TA remains near its peak value over a range of muscle lengths associated with normal ankle movement. In contrast, the length-tension curve of EDL is sharply peaked. However, normal corollary action of the knee, ankle and metatarsophalangeal joints during stepping minimizes EDL's excursion and maintains it at or near a length optimal for peak tension development. EDL is capable of producing synchronous but sterotyped digit and ankle movements while TA provides for independent ankle flexion at all relevant joint angles.The mechanical properties of 84 TA and 98 EDL fast-twitch muscle units were studied by measuring twitch contraction time (≤45 msec), peak tetanic tension, response to repetitive stimulation, and contractile fatigue resistance during electrical stimulation of single alpha axons, functionally isolated from ventral root filaments. These mechanical properties were essentially similar for both muscles with the exception of mean peak tetanic tension which was 30% lower for TA units (14 gm-wt) than for EDL units (20 gm-wt). A high proportion of units in both muscles demonstrated fatigue resistance which is reflective of the repetitive, phasic demand upon these muscles during locomotion.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051530103
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the morphology of the developing primate cornea: Epithelium, its innervation and anterior stroma (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 153 (1977), S. 263-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A survey is made of some ultrastructural features of the developing cornea of Macaca mulatta. The observations are confined to the anterior central area, starting with the lens vesicle stage and progressing through midgestation, when the morphologic characteristics of the cornea are fully established. Subepithelial filaments and some partially aggregated collagen fibrils are present in the earliest embryo and are of a size and appearance similar to those in the future vitreous cavity. Epithelial secretory activity points to, but does not prove direct contribution to the deposition of the acellular matrix components beneath it. No trace of a structured, orthogonal collagenous stroma can be visualized. The primitive endothelium forms prior to the fibroblast invasion of the distended filamentous matrix. Bowman's layer has undoubted epithelial contributions. Its aggregated collagen fibrils have approximately the same diameter as those of the anterior stroma. Intraepithelial appearance of single nerve fibers and fascicles takes place during the first trimester of gestation, as soon as the two continuous epithelial layers are formed. Terminal areas approach closely to the basal cell's nucleus, without touching it. The plasmalemma of the invaginating nerve fiber is surrounded by that of the epithelial cell in a mesaxon-like manner, with occasional gap junctions uniting adjoining neural and epithelial cell membranes. The fetal neurites contain microtubules, some clear vesicles and dense vacuoles resembling those of mature monamine and non-monamine neurons. Mitochondria are small and compact, their presence indicating a high rate of metabolic activity in the immature terminal area.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051530207
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the vasculature of the reproductive tract in some Australian marsupials (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 154 (1977), S. 95-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The origin, distribution and structure of the blood vessels of the female reproductive tract and the testis of the brush possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) were studied using latex and silicone rubber casting and histological techniques. Latex casts of the vessels of the female tract were also studied in five macropod species - Macropus giganteus, M. eugenii, M. agilis, Megaleia rufa and Thylogale billardierii, and in the common wombat (Vombatus ursinus).The female reproductive tract in the brush possum was supplied and drained by four major sets of paired vessels - ovarian, cranial urogenital, caudal urogenital, and internal pudendal arteries and veins. These vessels formed substantial anastomoses with one another on each side of the midline, and also across-the-midline anastomoses. The proximal part of the ovarian artery ran in close apposition to the ovarian vein, which received one or more large uterine branches. In its distal protion the ovarian artery gave rise to a leash of small, tortuous ovarian branches, which wound around and between the plexiform ovarian veins.The testicular arteries and veins in this species also ran in close apposition to one another. Both arteries and veins branched into many smaller, mildly tortuous, parallel vessels in the spermatic cord, which reunited before entering the testis.The blood vessels of the reproductive tract in all of the macropod species studied, and in the common wombat, were basically similar to those of the brush possum.The intimate structural relationships between ovarian arteries and veins, and their ovarian branches, in these marsupials are suggestive of specializations for counter-current exchange between venous and arterial blood. However, in contrast to those of the testicular vessels where heat exchange is a demonstrated function, their physiological significance remains unknown.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051540107
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nature of lectin-induced alteration of potassium transfer in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 90 (1977), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The way in which the lectins concanavalin A (Con A) and Ricinus communis agglutinin (Ricin) alter the K+ content of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells was investigated. Unidirectional and net fluxes were determined in unwashed cells during a time course following lectin addition. Total influx, ouabain sensitive influx, Mg++- and Na+-K+-ATPase activity were all unaffected. Cell ATP content was normal for at least 19 minutes after exposure to Con A. Early after contact with Ricin or Con A efflux was stimulated 2-3-fold, resulting in net K+ loss, but after 20 minutes efflux had returned to normal. Ricin and Con A acted similarly although Ricin was present at only 1/50 the concentration of Con A. When the findings are evaluated together with previous work it is suggested that a particular membrane glycoprotein may be concerned in the efflux alteration observed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040900103
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations in differentiation and pyrimidine pathway enzymes in 5-azacytidine resistant variants of a myoblast line (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 90 (1977), S. 361-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: 5-azacytidine at concentrations higher than 5 μM inhibited the differentiation of a rat myoblast line in vitro. It was also somewhat cytotoxic at this level. Variants resistant to the cytotoxic effect of 5-azacytidine were obtained which were simultaneously unable to differentiate into myotubes and exhibited altered morphology. These characteristics were retained by the variants when subcultured in the absence of the drug for over 700 generations. Several of the azacytidine resistant cells were more susceptible than the parental line to the lethal action of 5-bromodeoxyuridine and adenosine, but not that of cytosine arabinoside, ouabain or 8-azaguanine.The variants were capable of transporting uridine, thymidine and 5-azacytidine. The uridine kinase activity was one-half to one-third of that in the parental cells but it was not missing completely in any of the variants. Two independently isolated variants selected for detailed study showed a 2- to 3-fold increase in the activity of orotidylic acid decarboxylase. This enzyme in the variants in contrast to that of the parental cells was completely insensitive to the inhibitory effect of a nucleotide generated from ATP and 5-azacytidine in cell extracts (probably 5-azacytidine monophosphate). These observations point to the possibility that 5-azacytidine resistance arises in myoblasts due to an alteration of the components of two target pathways of this drug, viz., the de novo pyrimidine pathway and an undefined sequence leading to the synthesis of membrane components.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040900221
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dissociation of the surface architecture described by enhanced lectin agglutinability and the transformed phenotype expressed as anchorage independence (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 91 (1977), S. 201-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Using a series of cold-sensitive variants of chemically transformed BHK-21 cells, revertants to the normal phenotype derived from a dimethylnitrosamine transformed clone of BHK-21 as well as revertants to the normal phenotype derived from polyoma transformed BHK-21 cells we have demonstrated that the surface phenotype described by enhanced agglutinability with Con A and WGA can be dissociated from the transformed phenotype described by anchorage independence (growth in semisolid medium). Specifically we have demonstrated that the surface characteristic of enhanced agglutinability may be found in a variety of cell lines which fail to display an ability to grow in agar. Our work clearly shows that the two phenotypes described are not concomitantly controlled and tends to suggest that the phenotype of enhanced lectin agglutinability may be dissociated from the transformed phenotype.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040910206
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conditions controlling the proliferation of haemopoietic stem cells in vitro (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 91 (1977), S. 335-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A liquid culture system is described whereby proliferation of haemopoietic stem cells (CFU-S), production of granulocyte precursor cells (CFU-C), and extensive granulopoiesis can be maintained in vitro for several months. Such cultures consist of adherent and non-adherent populations of cells. The adherent population contains phagocytic mononuclear cells, “epithelial” cells, and “giant fat” cells. The latter appear to be particularly important for stem cell maintenance and furthermore there is a strong tendency for maturing granulocytes to selectively cluster in and around areas of “giant fat” cell aggregations. By “feeding” the cultures at weekly intervals, between 10 to 15 “population doublings” of functionally normal CFU-S regularly occurs. Increased “population doublings” may be obtained by feeding twice weekly. The cultures show initially extensive granulopoiesis followed, in a majority of cases, by an accumulation of blast cells. Eventually both blast cells and granulocytes decline and the cultures contain predominantly phagocytic mononuclear cells.Culturing at 33°C leads to the development of a more profuse growth of adherent cells and these cultures show better maintenance of stem cells and increased cell density.When tested for colony stimulating activity (CSA) the cultures were uniformly negative. Addition of exogenous CSA caused a rapid decline in stem cells, reduced granulopoiesis and an accumulation of phagocytic mononuclear cells.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040910303
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatty acid and glucose oxidation by cultured rat heart cells (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 93 (1977), S. 31-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Monolayer cultures of fetal rat myocardial cells can be utilized to examine substrate preferences and interactions. The specific activity of glucose oxidation by myocardial cell cultures was high in sparse cultures but decreased with increased cell density. In contrast, palmitate oxidation was independent of initial cell density. Palmitate inhibited glucose oxidation by 50% in rat heart cultures. Glucose had only a slight sparing effect on palmitate oxidation. This suggests that fetal and newborn rat myocardial cells in culture preferentially oxidize palmitate similar to adult heart. The sparing effect of palmitate on glucose oxidation is accounted for by inhibition of the glycolytic-aerobic pathway and not by inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway. Data on oxidation of 14C-pyruvate specifically labelled suggest that palmitate or a product of its oxidation such as acetyl-CoA may be acting directly to inhibit the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Palmitate oxidation per mg of cell protein was constant from 15 days gestational age to 2 days postnatal age. The observed differences between cultured cells and the intact heart may relate to decreased aerobic metabolism in monolayer cell culture and suggest that the increase in fatty acid oxidation observed in vivo is controlled by the oxygen environment of the cell. These studies show that heart cells in monolayer culture can be utilized to obtain metabolic information similar to an adult organ perfusion model.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040930106
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformed BHK cells exhibiting normal or subnormal sugar uptake (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 93 (1977), S. 147-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The uptake of deoxyglucose was compared in BHK cells and in DMN4B cells, a conditionally transformed line of BHK cells which exhibits transformed behavior at 38.5° but not at 32°. At 32°, DMN4B cells took up deoxyglucose more slowly than BHK cells, reflecting a higher Km for uptake of this sugar. When both cell lines were grown at 38.5°, the Km for DMN4B cells was reduced to a level only slightly greater than for BHK cells, and deoxyglucose uptake became similar in the two cell lines. Growth in glucose-free medium for 22 hours stimulated deoxyglucose uptake in both BHK and DMN4B cells; under these conditions, uptake was equal in the two cells lines, both at 32° and 38.5°. Glycolysis, as measured by lactic acid production, was slower in DMN4B than BHK cells, but in contrast to deoxyglucose uptake, this difference was observed at 38.5° rather than 32°. The observation that the subnormal deoxyglucose uptake of DMN4B cells in the untransformed state (32°) can be normalized by growth at 38.5°, a temperature permissive for transformation, suggests that membrane changes facilitating sugar uptake, which have been found in other transformed cells, are associated with transformation in DMN4B cells as well. However, the failure of uptake to exceed normal in these cells indicates that their transformed behavior is not attributable to excessive sugar uptake per se.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040930118
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