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  • 1
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The polymerization in a reversed emulsion (“water-in-oil” type of emulsion) of monomers that are insoluble or soluble to only a slight extent in water was investigated in the case of styrene and methacrylate methyl.When monomer-soluble initiators are used the polymerization in reversed emulsion takes place in a manner similar to that of a substance polymerization. With water-soluble initiators the polymerization can also be initiated from the water phase. When sufficiently large amounts of initiator are added rates of polymerization in substance are obtained.Graft polymers of styrene on polyethylene oxide, which are soluble in the monomers, yet insoluble in water, are used as emulsifiers. For this reason the possibility of the existence of micelles in the water phase can be excluded and it may be assumed that the polymerization at the phase interface is initiated by water-soluble initiators. This assumption was supported by photographs of the reversed emulsion at various stages of polymerization.A fully polymerized reverse emulsion represents a polymer block with a cellular structure whose cells contain the dispersed water phase. As indicated by microscopic photographs, the cell walls consist unexpectedly of agglomerates of very small polymer pearls.
    Notes: Am Beispiel des Styrols und Methacrylsäuremethylesters wurde die Polymerisation von in Wasser nicht oder nur wenig löslichen Monomeren in umgekehrter Emulsion (Emulsionstyp: “Wasser in öl&”) untersucht.Bei der Anwendung monomerenlöslicher Initiatoren verläuft die Polymerisation in umgekehrter Emulsion analog einer Substanzpolymerisation. Mit wasserlöslichen Initiatoren kann die Polymerisation auch aus der Wasserphase heraus eingeleitet werden. Bei genügend hoher Initiatordosierung können hierbei ähnliche Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeiten wie bei der Substanzpolymerisation erzielt werden.Als Emulgierhilfsmittel werden Pfropfpolymerisate von Styrol auf Polyäthylenoxyd verwendet, die in den Monomeren löslich, in Wasser jedoch unlöslich sind. Aus diesem Grunde kann man die Existenz von Micellen in der Wasserphase ausschließen und annehmen, daß durch wasserlösliche Initiatoren die Polymerisation an der Phasengrenzfläche eingeleitet wird. Durch photographische Aufnahmen der umgekehrten Emulsion in verschiedenen Polymerisationsstadien konnte diese Annahme gestützt werden.Eine auspolymerisierte umgekehrte Emulsion stellt einen Polymerisatblock mit Zellstruktur dar, dessen Zellen die dispergierte Wasserphase enthalten. Wie durch mikroskopische Aufnahmen gezeigt wird, bestehen die Zellwände unerwarteterweise aus Agglomeraten sehr kleiner Polymerisatperlen.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 95 (1962), S. 1484-1492 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N-Acyl-cyclimmonium-Salze können sich mit nucleophilen Verbindungen zu Dihydroaddukten umsetzen, die im Fall des Pyridins leicht in die aromatischen Verbindungen überführbar sind, im Gegensatz zu den anderen bearbeiteten Dihydroverbindungen. N-Benzoyl-Pyridiniumchlorid wird bei Umsetzung mit Cyanessigsäure-methylester zu einem unsymmetrischen Aza-Polymethinfarbstoff aufgespalten. Die Darstellung von Indolylchinolin wird beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 95 (1962), S. 455-458 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch photochemische Umsetzung von Methylcyclopentadienylmangantricarbonyl mit Tolan wurde Methylcyclopentadienylmangandicarbonyltolan erhalten. In geringerem Maße wurde auch eine Cyclisierung von 2 Molekülen Tolan mit einem Molekül Kohlenmonoxyd zu Tetracyclon beobachtet. Die Quanten-ausbeute ϕ für die Bildung von Cyclopentadienylmangandicarbonyltolan ist bei der Wellenlänge λ = 3660 Å gleich eins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 95 (1962), S. 1409-1412 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cumarin bildet unsensibilisiert das Photodimere IIa, sensibilisiert die Photodimeren IIb und IIc Beide Reaktionen haben keine gemeinsamen Zwischenprodukte.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 95 (1962), S. 728-732 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Imidsäureester von einfachen Säuren und geschützten Aminosäuren regieren mit Aminosäuren zu Amidinosäuren und geschützten Imidopeptiden, teilweise auch zu heterocyclischen Ringen.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 84-84 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 45 (1962), S. 2122-2138 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is shown that in presence of air solutions of strophanthidine, its glycosides and its acetyl derivatives are rapidly autoxidized. With small concentrations of material, chiefly the corresponding 19-carboxylic acids are formed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 45 (1962), S. 2139-2154 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The autoxidation of strophanthidin (I) in concentrated solution yields a neutral main product, aglycone A. Its structure was established as 10β-hydroxy-19-nor-periplogenin (II). The novel cardenolide arises from strophanthidin in a rearrangement reaction involving loss of carbon dioxide; the mechanism is discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 45 (1962), S. 2260-2265 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hauptsächlich aus spektroskopischen Befunden wird für das Indolalkaloid Limaspermin aus Aspidosperma limae Woodson die Formel III abgeleitet.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 45 (1962), S. 868-881 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to elucidate the structure of its sugar moiety, digitoxin (I) has been permethylated. Since it was not possible to isolate a homogeneous O-methyl derivative of (I) the mixture of permethylation products was degraded by hydrolysis. As parts of the sugar moiety, 3,4-di-O-methyl-D-digitoxose (III) and D-cymarose (IV) could be isolated in a 1:2 ratio.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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