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  • Canadian Science Publishing
  • 1965-1969
  • 1960-1964  (19)
  • 1964  (13)
  • 1960  (6)
  • 1
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    THE EFFECT OF CULTURAL AND FERTILIZER TREATMENTS ON YIELDS OF WHEAT ON SECOND CROP LAND (1964)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1964-06-01
    Description: Experiments with various cultural and fertilizer treatments on stubble land were conducted at five locations on the prairies from 1955 to 1961 to determine their effect on yields of wheat.Significant yield differences between treatments ranged from 4 to 8 bu of wheat per acre at all stations. At Lacombe, Alta., Melfort and Regina, Sask., the highest average yields were obtained from fall or spring burning of the crop residue followed by normal spring operations. At Lacombe and Melfort, alternative methods gave results which were not significantly different from the burn treatments. These included fall plowing or disking at Lacombe and fall cultivating at Melfort. At Indian Head, Sask., plots which were not tilled in the fall but disked the following spring yielded 5 bu per acre more than those that were fall plowed and 2 bu per acre more than those where burning and tillage was employed. The yields from plots at Melita, Man., which were plowed or one-way disked in the fall produced 7 bu per acre more than those which were not fall tilled and only disked prior to seeding.Fertilizer increased yields of wheat significantly at all stations. Nitrogen at 50 lb with phosphate at 20 lb per acre produced the greatest 5-year average yield at Lacombe and Indian Head. At Melfort, Regina, and Melita, similar returns were obtained with applications of 16 to 50 lb of nitrogen plus 20 lb of phosphate per acre.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 2
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    THE NATURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SALTS IN UNCULTIVATED SALINE SOILS IN SASKATCHEWAN (1964)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1964-06-01
    Description: Investigations were undertaken to ascertain the relative abundance of various salts in uncultivated saline soils occurring in southern Saskatchewan. Sampling sites were selected within areas dominated by various native plant species and groups of species. One hundred and nineteen saline profiles in the Brown, Dark Brown, and Black soil zones were studied and classified into five subgroup profile types, which were usually associated in a catenary sequence. The Saline Gleyed Regosol occupied the central portion of depressional areas, followed successively by the Saline Gleysol, and the Saline Meadow, with the Saline Calcareous Chernozem occupying the perimeter of the depression and the Saline Rego Chernozem being transitional to upland soil. Nine species which commonly form extensive stands were associated in their distribution with these subgroup profile types. Analytical data from saturation extracts of samples taken from the 0–6, 6–12, 12–24, and 24–36 in. depths are discussed with reference to concentration and composition. With one exception, all samples showed a preponderance of sodium and magnesium ions. Soluble sodium percentages in extreme cases exceeded 90%. Sulphates, chlorides, and bicarbonates were present in practically all samples. While sulphate was the predominant anion, significant quantities of chlorides and bicarbonates were present in all profiles.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 3
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    THE P32 INJECTION METHOD FOR STUDYING THE ROOT SYSTEM OF WHEAT (1964)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1964-02-01
    Description: A new technique involving the use of P32 for the study of plant root development is described. Carrier-free P32 was injected into the stem of wheat plants using a microliter syringe. After allowing 5 days for the P32 to distribute throughout the total plant system, soil–root cores were taken, ashed at 500 °C, and the activity of a pressed soil briquet was determined.The amount of roots measured by the injection method was compared to the more laborious root-washing procedure. Very close agreement between the two methods was realized when the activity of the soil–root cores was recalculated to measure the per cent distribution of the roots within a particular core as compared to the total depth sampled. Preliminary data are reported on experiments designed to estimate the influence of various factors such as phosphate fertilization, soil types, and moisture stress on root development.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 4
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    NITRATE-SUPPLYING POWER OF EIGHT GRASSLAND SOILS OF THE KAMLOOPS, B.C., AREA AND CORRELATION WITH RANGE FORAGE PRODUCTION (1960)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1960-02-01
    Description: The formation of nitrate in eight grassland soils of the Kamloops, British Columbia, area was studied using a laboratory incubation technique. All the accumulative totals of nitrate nitrogen produced by these soils were low and suggest that the amount of nitrate formed may be inadequate for optimum plant growth. The desert-like soils, although they are regarded as being members of the Brown great soil group, released the most nitrate nitrogen. The Shallow and Degrading Black soils released nitrate in intermediate amounts while the Brown and Dark Brown soils produced the smallest quantities. The correlations between the accumulative total of nitrate released during incubation with: C/N ratio, total nitrogen and organic matter, were not highly significant. Poor correlation was obtained in the comparison between the accumulative total nitrate formed and the forage produced during the period 1954–1957.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 5
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    THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LOCAL SOIL TYPES TO SOIL FERTILITY STUDIES (1960)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1960-08-01
    Description: Soil productivity data included in this study were obtained from field experiments laid down in areas of soil, characteristic of individual member profiles of catenary groups of the Weyburn and Oxbow Associations, and of a mapping complex comprising members of the Sceptre, Kindersley, and Flaxcombe Associations.The criteria used to assess soil productivity included the yield of gram with and without phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization, uptake of fertilizer phosphorus, 'A' values (from field and greenhouse experiments) and extractable phosphorus (NaHCO3 and H2CO3).The data illustrate the variability in yield and response to phosphorus fertilization that can be expected within relatively short distances in any one field in which complexity of soil pattern occurs. These differences in productivity were closely associated with pedogenic differences used to classify the soils.It was concluded that considerable care must be taken in the interpretation and application of fertility data obtained from small plot experiments as the data are applicable to only one particular soil type, in most instances the soil member on which the test was established; such data cannot be used to represent mapping units which include even closely associated soil types.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 6
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    EFFECTS OF VARIOUS QUANTITIES OF STRAW MULCH ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF SPRING AND WINTER WHEAT (1964)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1964-02-01
    Description: The effects of applying a wheat straw mulch at various rates to a trash-free summerfallow field immediately after seeding spring and winter wheat were studied for 9 years. Rates of 4000 and 5000 lb or more per acre significantly depressed mean yields of spring and winter wheat, respectively. Straw at rates of 4000 to 5000 lb completely shaded the soil surface when spread uniformly. Higher rates delayed maturity up to 4 to 6 days, shortened height of plants, occasionally lowered nitrate production, and had a negligible effect on plant population and percentage protein of the grain. Each 1000-lb increment of bright straw depressed the late-morning temperature in the 4- to 8-in. depth of soil by an average value of 0.51° F during the early growth period. The depression increased with the season to a value of 0.65° F by mid-June and then decreased to a value of 0.25° F by mid-July, when the crop, in the headed-out stage, almost completely shaded the soil surface.A quantity of mulch up to 4000 lb per acre can be used without deleterious effects on the crop. Quantities of 4000 lb or more should be managed so that the soil temperature depression associated with complete shading of the soil is avoided.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 7
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    THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN TOP DRESSING ON YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF NITROGEN-DEFICIENT CEREALS (1960)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1960-08-01
    Description: Top dressings of ammonium nitrate were made during the growing season to crops of barley and oats showing symptoms of acute nitrogen deficiency. The addition of nitrogen in the early stages of plant growth resulted in increased vegetative growth and increased yields. Applications of nitrogen delayed until the shot-blade stage had little effect on yield, but substantially increased the protein content. The yield of protein per acre was increased with higher rates of fertilization, regardless of whether the effect of the added nitrogen was to increase yield or protein content.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 8
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    THE RELATION OF SOIL TEST VALUES TO FERTILIZER RESPONSE BY THE POTATO: III. EXCHANGEABLE POTASSIUM AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZER REQUIREMENTS (1964)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1964-10-01
    Description: In experiments conducted at 46 locations over a 6-year period soil potassium levels ranged from 46 to 361 p.p.m. in exchangeable potassium and from 1.1 to 9.6% K saturation. The average yield of tubers on zero-K plots was 86.2% of the maximum (yield obtained from optimum K fertilization) and the zero-K plots produced less than 75% of the maximum at only two locations.Utilization of Bray's modified Mitscherlich equations indicated high variability in c1 values and poor correlation of relative yields (as percentages of the maxima) with soil test values. Expressing soil K as % K saturation provided only slightly better correlations than exchangeable K.The polynomial response equation relating absolute yields (bu/acre) with rates of applied potassium was highly significant, and near maximum yields of tubers were obtained at 150 lb/acre of K. When soils were grouped according to exchangeable K values into "high" (〉 230 p.p.m.), "medium" (230–130 p.p.m.), and "low" (
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 9
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    CHARACTERISTICS AND GENESIS OF BRUNISOLIC SOILS OF NORTHERN ALBERTA (1964)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1964-10-01
    Description: Exploratory surveys of the Wood Buffalo National Park in Northern Alberta revealed the presence of vast tracts of brunisolic soils. These soils are of common occurrence in the low plains area adjacent to Lake Clare.The brunisolic soils included in this study belong to the Brown Forest, Brown Wooded, and Acid Brown Wooded Great Soil Groups. All profiles were characterized with respect to their physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties. Special attention was directed to the Bf horizons where magnetic, amorphous (to X-ray) humus–iron micropellets were identified with the use of an electron microscope. The release of iron oxide from the weathering of iron-rich chlorites was also evident and is suggested as a mechanism by which the accretion of iron oxide to a pellet form could be explained. The possible genesis of these micropellets is fully discussed.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 10
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    AN EXAMINATION OF THE HUMIC ACIDS OF SPHAGNUM PEAT (1964)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1964-02-01
    Description: Humic acid fractions were prepared by the repeated extraction of Sphagnum peat with dilute sodium hydroxide. The infrared spectra of the initial fractions were typical of humic acids. Spectra of the later fractions were indicative of an aromatic structure similar to that of lignin. The content of methoxyl groups, which had remained constant through the earlier fractions, increased rapidly in the later fractions. Changes in the intrinsic viscosity of the fractions in aqueous alkali and salt solutions paralleled those observed in the infrared spectra and methoxyl group content. The results show that humic acids of similar composition and increasing molecular weight were extracted initially, and that low molecular weight material resembling lignin predominated towards the end of the extraction. The presence of lignin was confirmed by alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation of a peat residue. Dilute sodium pyrophosphate extracted humic acids which were similar in all respects to the first fraction obtained by extraction with dilute sodium hydroxide.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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