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  • Articles  (9)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology
  • 1980-1984  (9)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1983  (4)
  • 1981  (5)
  • 1961
  • 1960
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (9)
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  • Articles  (9)
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  • 1980-1984  (9)
  • 1960-1964
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  • 1
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Macromolecules isolated from human erythrocyte membranes which expressed I/i and ABH blood group activities were analyzed by quantitative immunoelectrophoretic techniques in order to determine the distribution of and the relationship between these two blood group systems. To help in these studies a rocket immunoelectrophoretic assay, with a maximum sensitivity of 10 ng, was developed which could detect and quantitate erythrocyte macromolecules which expressed I/i and A and B blood group determinants. In addition, a modification of the tandem crossed immunoelectrophoresis technique was also used to elucidate the structural relationship between determinants of these systems on one of the isolated macromolecular species. Serological and other immunological data are presented which throughly support the immunoelectrophoretic results. From these studies we have concluded that I and most likely i antigenic determinants are primarily expressed on poly(glycosyl)ceramides (i. e. macroglycolipids) and possibly to a lesser extent on Band 3. I active poly(glycosyl)ceramide could be isolated in equal quantity from any adult ABH type erythrocyte; i activity was found in similar quantity in the same fraction isolated from one i adult erythrocyte population. Besides expressing I/i activity the various poly(glycosyl)ceramide fractions also exhibited A, B or H activity as well, dependent upon the ABH cell type from which they were isolated. Unlike the equal distribution of I, however, ABH activity was type-specific in that the poly(glycosyl)ceramide isolated from type A (either A or Ai), B or 0 cells could react only with anti-A, anti-B, or Ulex anti-H lectin, respectively. Using the modified tandem crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) technique, it was established that the same glycolipid molecules which carry I blood group activity express the A and B determinants as well. Band 3 material isolated from 0 erythrocytes exhibited I, i and H activities. From CIE analysis the I activity of Band 3 appeared to reside in a subpopulation of this material.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 2 (1981), S. 135-141 
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A color development system for staining polypeptides in one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is described. The basis of the Process involves the complexing of silver with polypeptides reactive centers. The reaction is initiated by placing a polypeptide-containing gel, previously equilibrated with an appropriate concentration of silver nitrate, into a reducing solution that contains sodium hydroxide, sodium borohydride, and formaldehyde. After an appropriate time in the reducing solution, the gel is equilibrated through two changes of an enhancing solution that contains sodium carbonate. The sodium carbonate is necessary for optimal color appear in the polypeptide -silver complexes after several hours in the enhancing solution and are best appreciated while viewing over a fluorescent light box that radiates light at 5000°K. The color of each polypeptide-silver complex is clearly visible above the light background of the stained polyacrylamide gel. Colors of stained polypeptide are blue, green, yellow, and red. Subtle shades of colors also appear and thereby allow easy discrimination of overlapping spots of polypeptides in a two-dimensional gel. To illustrate the method's relative sensitively, a two-dimensional pattern of human fibroblast polypeptides is compared with patterns of a duplicate gel that is stained with Coomassie Blue and developed by autoradiography. The sensitivity of the silver stain process is superior to Coomassie Blue and is comparable to autoradiography after in corporation of conventional levels of 35S- methionine. The utility of the procedure for identifying and characterizing human proteins is illustrated by staining human proteins is illustrated by staining human plasma and platelet polypeptides after two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The gel electrophoresis color development system consists of steps that are simple, reproducible, and sensitive, and most importantly, which yield colored polypeptide-silver complexes that are reproducible from gel to gel and tissue to tissue.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 2 (1981), S. 76-81 
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new fluorescent staining technique using o-phthaldialdehyde(OPA) has been developed for the rapid post-electrophoretic location for separated zones of proteins and glycoproteins. The method has also been applied to the detection of immunoprecipitates and, in the form of a spray reagent, to the detection of proteins separated on thin-layer gel filtration plates. Major protein zones can be visualized within 1-2 min with maximum sensitivity being achieved within 15 min. In polyacrylamide and agarose gels, the sensitivity is of the same order as staining with Coomassie Blue G-250. Reagents are very inexpensive and, because the reaction is performed at neutral or weekly alkaline pH in aqueous buffers, retention of enzymatic or other biological activity should be optimal. The method is thus particularly suitable for use in preparative applications and when it is desirable to combine general protein detection with specific location of zone of enzyme activity.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 2 (1981), S. 240-246 
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is reported for analyzing the oligomeric state of proteins in a mixture by multidimensional electrophoresis. Water-soluble proteins prepared from human erythrocyte membranes were separated by means of gel filtration followed by electrophoresis in detergent-free disc gels. The major bands in detergent-free disc gels were identified by means of electrophoresis into a second-dimensional slab gel containing sodium dodecyl sulphate. Detergent-free disc gels were also subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis into detergent-free slab gels consisting of a continuous gradient of polyacrylamide gel. It was shown that many of the water-soluble proteins existed as distinct oligomers. Spectrin aggregates (tetramer and dimmer) accounted for the slowest moving bands in the detergent-free disc gels. A water-soluble protein of the component 3 region appeared to be present as a hexamer, while component 4.1 was present as a tetramer. Components 4.3, 4.9 and 5 appeared to be present in a large number of aggregated states. Components 7 and 8 formed a heteropolymeric protein complex.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 2 (1981), S. 320-323 
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A study of properdin factor B (Bf) in 22 North and Central American populations demonstrated gene clusters delineating Old World Caucasian, New World and Black Ancestoral groups. Result of gene frequencies were comparable to data in the literature of European Caucasian and African Blacks. New World indigeneous population were clearly separated from other racial groups with hybrid population clustering in between the major genetic contributions.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 2 (1981), S. 323-326 
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A comparison of specimens tested in our laboratory for the red cell enzymes sub-system PGM1 by isoelectic focusing and conventional electrophoriesis demonstrated 11 rare allotypes. In addition to the allotypes PGM13, PGM16, PGM16 MAL, 16 KADAR, 17 and 18, we indengified five new variants: 1a5, 1a6, 1a7, 1a8, 1a9. Of the five new variants only 1a6 and 1a9 could be separated from common PGM1 variants on conventional elehoresis. Because of the unique banding patterns for the variants observed, it was found necessary to use both isoelectic focusing and conventional methods for proper identification. Due to the presence for several different momeclatures for naming PGM variants, it is felt that a universal nomenclature should be defined to deal with PGM variants using both methods of analysis.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 4 (1983), S. 164-165 
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nonspecific staining of electrofocused protein bands was found with the peroxidase product of Hanker-Yates reagent (a mixture of p-phenylenediamine and pyrocatechol). No difficulty was encountered with diaminobenzidine as peroxidase substrate.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A rapid laboratory method for processing quality color prints of high resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels has been developed to obtain photographs for data storage or for the presentation of results in poster formats. This method involves the contact printing of a gel directly onto the film so that the final print will be an exact duplication of the size and color of the gel. A variety of papers or films can be used to produce color prints or transparencies. This method has been adapted for use with a color or with a black and white photographic enlarger.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 4 (1983), S. 303-311 
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The nuclear protein fraction from human meningioma cells was compared with the nuclear protein fraction of fibroblasts, derived from the same patients. The protein pattern obtained was visualized either with the silver stain technique or from labelled cells by fluorography. Whereas no specific polypeptides corresponding to tumor cells or fibroblasts could be detected in one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1-DE), small differences occur in the two-dimensional gel patterns (2-DE), using the silver protein detection. Cell cultures which were labelled during phase G 1 show twice as many polypeptides on the 2-DE electropherogram with respect to the silver-stained gels. Besides several proteins detectable in tumor cells and fibroblasts with both methods, a set of 5 polypeptides with an apparent molecular weight (Mr) of 30 000 and an isoelectric point (pI) near 6.1 could be detected in the 2-DE pattern from labelled tumor cells. Furthermore, the tumor cells showed a remarkably enhanced incorporation of label in proteins in the pH range 5.5-7.0 and with Mr from 14 000-40 000. The fluorograms from both cell types reveal more than 40 polypeptides with a pI of 4.5-5.5 and an Mr from 12 000-45 000, which had never been detected on the silver-stained electropherograms. The results indicate that cells derived from meningiomas exhibit a pattern of nuclear proteins quite similar to that obtained from fibroblasts with the same diploid karyotype. Furthermore, it seems necessary to combine the high-resolution separation techniques with other analytical methods, e. g. specific labelling procedures, to enlighten the role of nuclear proteins during the onset of tumorgenesis.
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