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  • Articles  (137)
  • Chemistry  (137)
  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
  • Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
  • Cartilage
  • Diphosphonates
  • Female
  • Industrial Chemistry
  • United States
  • 2005-2009
  • 1970-1974
  • 1965-1969
  • 1955-1959  (137)
  • 1959  (137)
  • Physics  (137)
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  • Articles  (137)
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  • Chemistry  (137)
  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
  • Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
  • Cartilage
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  • 2005-2009
  • 1970-1974
  • 1965-1969
  • 1955-1959  (137)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light scattering and viscosities of chitosan in aqueous solutions of sodium chloride (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 36 (1959), S. 295-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Chitosan prepared from the pen in the mantle of the squid Loligo was fractionated by precipitation. Two fractions were investigated in aqueous solutions of sodium chloride. Fraction II showed anomalous behavior, which is attributed to molecular association, the extent of which increases with decreasing ionic strength. For fraction I, the intrinsic viscosity appears to increase even more rapidly with the radius of gyration than would be predicted by the free-draining model. The experimental change in the molecular dimensions as a function of ionic strength is much smaller than predicted by polyelectrolyte theories.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1959.1203613024
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wandering of crosslinks in rubber at high temperatures (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 35 (1959), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: By crosslinking natural rubber in benzene, networks are prepared in which the degree of coiling is higher than normal (“supercoiled” networks). On heating, these networsk are converted to normal ones with the same number of crosslinks but a lower degree of equilibrium swelling. The results of the swelling experiments are in quantitative agreement with theoretical predictions. Results of strees relaxation experiments at elevated temperatures support the conclusion reached on the basis of swelling. It follows that great caution is needed when calculating changes in the density of the crosslinks from changes in stress alone as is sometimes done in kinetic studies.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1959.1203512809
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experiments on peeling (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2 (1959), S. 216-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The force required to peel an aluminum (or nickel) ribbon glued to a rigid glass plate with a polyethylene or polyvinyl acetate was determined. It proved to be smaller than expected (from a theory, partly new) both for adhesives which were almost Hookean solids and for those whose stress-strain curve could approximately be represented as stress = const. (strain)0.5. In the latter group, the difference between the theory and the experiment was due to stress concentrations at the right-hand and the left-hand edges of the adhesive layer; these stress concentrations formed because, when a pull was applied, the adhesive contracted in the directions perpendicular to that of pull. As a consequence of this effect, the peeling force W0 was not proportional to the width w of the ribbon; sometimes, a linear relation W0 = aw + b seemed to be valid. On the other hand, near-Hookean adhesives of a low total elongation required a peeling force proportional to w; the stress concentration dangerous for these materials occurred at the boundary between the adhesive and the bent ribbon at the sharp bend. The damage to the brittle adhesive caused by the ribbon deformation could be reproduced without bending, namely by extension of the ribbon beyond its yield strength.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1959.070020516
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical degradation and mechanical testing of polyethylenesThis paper was presented to the Rubber and Plastic Division, 79th Annual Meeting, ASME, New York, December 1958, and reproduces in part the M. Sc. Thesis of Mr. T. T. Serafini (1957), Degradation of Polyethylene by Aqueous Oxidants; and Interim Report No. 517-17, Armed Services Medical Procurement Agency (May 1957), Accelerated Thermal Oxidation of Polyethylenes, by J. N. Henderson. (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2 (1959), S. 210-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyethylene films and sheets were oxidized in oxygen, air, or aqueous nitric acid at temperatures up to 100°C., and the decay of physical properties was measured by mechanical testing. In some instances, weight change and volume of oxygen absorbed were reliable indexes of the physical degradation as measured by a particular property such as ultimate stress or ultimate elongation, but they were unreliable in comparing the degradation of different types of polyethylene. Although the more crystalline polyethylenes absorbed less oxygen than branched polyethylenes, the former degraded more rapidly in air at 100°C. In degradation by air or oxygen, exposure time affected the ultimate elongation more than it did ultimate tensile strength. In nitric acid the reverse was true. The yield elongation and the yield stress were virtually unaffected by any of the degradation methods unless the exposure was very long. A preferential oxidation of the noncrystalline regions is proposed to account for this result. The appropriateness of any tensile property as a measure of degradation is concluded to depend on the intended use of the plastic.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1959.070020515
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosensitive polymers. I. Cinnamate esters of poly(vinyl alcohol) and celluloseCommunication No. 2026 from the Kodak Research Laboratories. (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2 (1959), S. 302-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Cinnamic acid esters of poly(vinyl alcohol) and of cellulose are insolubilized by ultraviolet radiation. This response may be increased by the inclusion of simple organic compounds such as Crystal Violet carbinol and Michler's ketone. A method of measuring this response (in terms of a sensitivity value, S) based upon photographic sensitometry has been devised. Preliminary study indicates that an increase in S is accompanied by an increase in response to the longer wavelengths of light.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1959.070020607
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature stability and homogeneity of polystyrene-polyethylene graftsWork done under the auspices of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 1 (1959), S. 371-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1959.070010316
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The aging of thiuram disulfide vulcanizates and their mechanism of vulcanization (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 1 (1959), S. 84-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The aging of sulfurless tetraalkylthiuramdisulfide vulcanizates has been studied by the stress-relaxation technique, the general behavior being independent of the nature of the alkyl group. The aging in air at 100°C. of fully cured vulcanizates is excellent before acetone extraction but rapid after it, due to removal of zine dialkyldithiocarbamates which are powerful antioxidants. In undercured vulcanizates, the network breakdown at 100°C. after extraction is much less than in fully cured samples, and there is considerable crosslinking during the aging. This behavior is attributed to the presence of a vulcanization intermediate which, at 100°C., brings about crosslinking with formation of zine dialkyldithiocarbamate and which cannot be removed by acetone extraction. The presence of such an intermediate is confirmed by the ability of extracted undercured thiuram vulcanizates to be further crosslinked in the press at 140°C. Previous theories regarding thiuram vulcanization are discussed in the light of these observations. The rapid initial relaxation of unextracted undercured vulcanizates may be due to the breakdown of this vulcanization intermediate. During the thermal aging of apparently fully cured samples, some crosslinking occurs which is considered to be due to a direct oxidative reaction of dithiocarbamates. Unextracted thiuram vulcanizates degrade very little on illumination with ultraviolet light (wavelength 365 mμ), but, after extraction, the photolytic aging becomes more rapid. There is no variation in the rate of this type of aging with degree of cure, presumably because the vulcanization intermediate is light stable.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1959.070010114
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mastication of rubber. VIII. Preparation of block polymers by mechanical shear of polymer-monomer systems (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 34 (1959), S. 699-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The mastication of polymers brought into a rubbery state by admixture with monomers causes polymerization of the monomer. The reaction shows dependence on rate of shearing, temperature, and monomer concentration expected for a mechanism of mechanical rupture of the polymer to free radicals which initiate polymerization. Fractional precipitation methods for separating block polymers of polymethyl methacrylatepolystyrene from the homopolymers are applied to the products after masticating both initial polymer-monomer combinations. The products of reaction indicate that the block polymer does not contain many segments of each polymer. When the two polymers are present either as free or block polymers, the polymethyl methacrylate is preferentially ruptured to form initiation sites.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1959.1203412746
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Answer to the preceding letter by Muus and Billmeyer (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 39 (1959), S. 532-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1959.1203913546
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sulfinic acid-initiated polymerization of methyl methacrylateThis work was supported by the Department of the Army, Office of the Surgeon General, under Contract DA-49-007-MD-557, and comprises a portion of a thesis presented by J. J. Godfrey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Graduate School of the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn.This is the 18th in a series of papers concerned with the preparation and polymerization of monomers. For the previous paper in this series, see C. G. Overberger and P. V. Bonsignore, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 80, 5431 (1958). (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 40 (1959), S. 179-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The rate of polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by p-methoxybenzenesulfinic acid, benzenesulfinic acid, and p-trifluoromethylbenzenesulfinic acid in the absence of oxygen was studied. The p-methoxy substituent accelerated the rate while the p-trifluoromethyl substituent acted as a retarder. The order of the rate with respect to sulfinic acid concentration varied between 1 and 3/2; this is consistent with an initiation process of kinetic order between 2 and 3. Dilution of the monomer with benzene in an attempt to determine the order of the rate of polymerization with respect to monomer unexpectedly resulted in an increase in rate. Mixtures of p-methoxybenzenesulfinic acid and p-trifluoromethylbenzenesulfinic acid did not give an acceleration in rate. The rate of polymerization was accelerated by sulfonic acid, benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, and di-n-butylamine hydrochloride. Decomposition of the very unstable 2,2′-biphenyldisulfinic acid by disproportionation to the intramolecular sulfonic acid-sulfenic acid was shown to be incompatible with the yield and rate of formation of the thiolsulfonate. The gross features of a mechanism consistent with the polymerization data is proposed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1959.1204013614
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