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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The results of an experimental investigation of shock-induced stall and leading-edge stall on a 64A010 airfoil section are presented. Advanced nonintrusive techniques - laser velocimetry and holographic interferometry - were used in characterizing the inviscid and viscous flow regions. The measurements include Mach contours of the inviscid now regions, and mean velocity, flow direction, and Reynolds shear stress profiles in the separated regions. The experimental observations of this study are relevant to efforts to improve surface-pressure prediction methods for airfoils at or near stall.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NASA/TM-81-207541 , NAS 1.15:207541 , AIAA Paper 79-1500R , Journal of Aircraft; 18; 1; 7-14|Fluid and Plasma Dynamics Conference; Jul 23, 1979 - Jul 24, 1979; Williamsburg, VA; United States
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2018-06-02
    Description: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is conducting research with the goal of enabling safe improvements in the capacity of the nation's air transportation system. The wake-vortex upset hazard is an important factor in establishing the minimum safe spacing between aircraft during landing and take-off operations, thus impacting airport capacity. A batch simulation study was conducted to assess the sensitivity of various safe landing criteria in the development of an acceptable wake encounter boundary. A baseline six-degree-of-freedom simulation of a B737-100 airplane was modified to include a wake model and the vortex-induced forces and moments. The guidance and control input for the airplane was provided by an auto-land system. The wake strength and encounter geometry were varied. A sensitivity study was also conducted to assess the effects of encounter modeling methods and accuracy.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-05-11
    Description: Chemical sublimation has been employed for boundary-layer-flow visualization on the wings of a supersonic fighter airplane in level flight at speeds near a Mach number of 2.0. The tests have shown that laminar flow can be obtained over extensive areas of the wing with practical wing-surface conditions. In addition to the flow visualization tests, a method of continuously monitoring the conditions of the boundary layer has been applied to flight testing, using heated temperature resistance gages installed in a Fiberglas "glove" installation on one wing. Tests were conducted at speeds from a Mach number of 1.2 to a Mach number of 2.0, at altitudes from 35,000 feet to 56,000 feet. Data obtained at all angles of attack, from near 0 deg to near 10 deg, have shown that the maximum transition Reynolds number on the upper surface of the wing varies from about 2.5 x 10(exp 6) at a Mach number of 1.2 to about 4 x 10(exp 6) at a Mach number of 2.0. On the lower surface, the maximum transition Reynolds number varies from about 2 x 10(exp 6) at a Mach number of 1.2 to about 8 x 10(exp 6) at a Mach number of 2.0.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-H58E28
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The NASA Langley 8-Foot Transonic Pressure Tunnel is a continuous-flow, variable-pressure wind tunnel with control capability to independently vary Mach number, stagnation pressure, stagnation temperature, and humidity. The top and bottom walls of the test section are axially slotted to permit continuous variation of the test section Mach number from 0.2 to 1.2, the slot-width contour provides a gradient-free test section 50 in. long for Mach numbers equal to or greater than 1.0 and 100 in. long for Mach numbers less than 1.0. The stagnation pressure may be varied from 0.25 to 2.0 atm. The tunnel test section has been recalibrated to determine the relationship between the free-stream Mach number and the test chamber reference Mach number. The hardware was the same as that of an earlier calibration in 1972 but the pressure measurement instrumentation available for the recalibration was about an order of magnitude more precise. The principal result of the recalibration was a slightly different schedule of reentry flap settings for Mach numbers from 0.80 to 1.05 than that determined during the 1972 calibration. Detailed tunnel contraction geometry, test section geometry, and limited test section wall boundary layer data are presented.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NASA-TP-3437 , L-17322 , NAS 1.60:3437
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: A numerical investigation is carried out to determine the magnitude of wake radiation for a proposed Venus composition probe. One of the scientific goals of the mission is to determine the atmospheric composition of Venus by examining the intensity of scattered sunlight through the wake of the vehicle during planetary entry. In the wake of the vehicle, excited particles generated in the bow shock and boundary layers absorb and emit radiation. Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine if the radiation sensor will be able to sense the incoming solar radiative flux relative to the radiative flux generated in the wake. During portions of the entry trajectory the incident surface heat flux will be high enough to produce significant ablation. Ablation products such as CN are known to be strong radiators. Also, the ablation will be driven by strong radiation emanating from the bow shock. Thus, radiation and ablation will be coupled into the Navier-Stokes flow solutions.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: AIAA 29th Thermophysics Conference; Jun 19, 1995 - Jun 22, 1995; San Diego, CA; United States
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Tail buffet studies were conducted on a full-scale, production, F/A-18 fighter aircraft in the 80- by 120-Foot Wind Tunnel of the National Full-Scale Aerodynamic Complex at NASA Ames Research Center at Moffett Field, California. Tail buffet data were acquired over an angle-of-attack range of +20 deg to +40 deg, a side-slip range of -16 deg to + 16 deg, and at wind speeds up to 100 knots. The maximum speed corresponds to a Reynolds number of l2.3 x l0(exp 6) based on mean aerodynamic chord and a Mach number of 0. 15. The port, vertical tail fin was instrumented with ninety-six surface-pressure transducers, arranged in six by eight arrays, on each side of the fin. ne aircraft was also equipped with a removable Leading-Edge Extension (LEX) fence whose purpose is to reduce tail-buffet loads. Current analysis methods for the unsteady aerodynamic pressures and loads are described. Only results for the zero side-slip condition are to be presented, both with and without the LEX fence. Results of the time-averaged, power-spectral analysis are presented for the tail fin bending moments which are derived from the integrated pressure field. Local wave velocities on the tail surfaces are calculated from pressure correlations. It was found that the LEX fence significantly reduces the magnitude of the root-mean-square pressures and bending moments. Scaling and repeatability issues are addressed by comparing the present full scale results for pressures at the 60%-span and 45%-chord location with previous full-scale F/A-18 tail-buffet test in the 80- by 120- Foot Wind Tunnel, and with several small-scale tests. The comparisons show that the tail buffet frequency scales very well with tail chord and free-stream velocity, and that there is good agreement with the previous full-scale test. Root-mean-square pressures and power spectra do not scale as well as the frequency results. Addition of a LEX fence caused tail-buffet loads to be reduced at all model scales.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: SAE Aerospace Atlantic Conference; Apr 18, 1994 - Apr 22, 1994; Dayton, OH; United States
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  • 7
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Of the various unsteady flows that occur in axial turbomachines certain asymmetric disturbances, of wave length large in comparison with blade spacing, have become understood to a certain extent. These disturbances divide themselves into two categories: self-induced oscillations and force disturbances. A special type of propagating stall appears as a self-induced disturbance; an asymmetric velocity profile introduced at the compressor inlet constitutes a forced disturbance. Both phenomena have been treated from a unified theoretical point of view in which the asymmetric disturbances are linearized and the blade characteristics are assumed quasi-steady. Experimental results are in essential agreement with this theory wherever the limitations of the theory are satisfied. For the self-induced disturbances and the more interesting examples of the forced disturbances, the dominant blade characteristic is the dependence of total pressure loss, rather than the turning angle, upon the local blade inlet angle.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: O.N.E.R.A. PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE JOURNEES INTERN. DE SCI. AERON., PT. 2 〈1957〈 (SEE N68-81276) P 1-21
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The proposed paper presents flow visualization performed during experiments conducted on a full-scale F/A-18 aircraft in the 80- by 120-Foot Wind-Tunnel at NASA Ames Research Center. This investigation used both surface and off-surface flow visualization techniques to examine the flow field on the forebody, canopy, leading edge extensions (LEXs), and wings. The various techniques used to visualize the flow field were fluorescent tufts, flow cones treated with reflective material, smoke in combination with a laser light sheet, and a video imaging system. The flow visualization experiments were conducted over an angle of attack range from 20deg to 45deg and over a sideslip range from -10deg to 10deg. The results show regions of attached and separated flow on the forebody, canopy, and wings. Additionally, the vortical flow is clearly visible over the leading-edge extensions, canopy, and wings.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: SAE Aerospace Atlantic Conference; Apr 18, 1994 - Apr 22, 1994; Dayton, OH; United States
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Study of sonic and supersonic jet plumes are relevant to understanding such phenomenon as jet-noise, plume signatures, and rocket base-heating and radiation. Jet plumes are simple to simulate and yet, have complex flow structures such as Mach disks, triple points, shear-layers, barrel shocks, shock-shear-layer interaction, etc. Experimental and computational simulation of sonic and supersonic jet plumes have been performed for under- and over-expanded, axisymmetric plume conditions. The computational simulation compare very well with the experimental observations of schlieren pictures. Experimental data such as temperature measurements with hot-wire probes are yet to be measured and will be compared with computed values. Extensive analysis of the computational simulations presents a clear picture of how the complex flow structure develops and the conditions under which self-similar flow structures evolve. From the computations, the plume structure can be further classified into many sub-groups. In the proposed paper, detail results from the experimental and computational simulations for single, axisymmetric, under- and over-expanded, sonic and supersonic plumes will be compared and the fluid dynamic aspects of flow structures will be discussed.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference; Aug 07, 1995 - Aug 09, 1995; Baltimore, MD; United States
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Three direct numerical simulations of time-evolving turbulent plane wakes with velocity deficit Reynolds numbers of about 2,000 have been simulated using a spectral numerical method with up to 600 x 260 x 160 modes. The initial conditions for the simulations are generated from direct numerical simulations of a turbulent boundary layer (momentum thickness Reynolds number of 670), and varying amounts of additional two- dimensional, forcing. In order to preserve the self-similar flow evolution, the forcing is implemented by multiplying all the two-dimensional modes in the initial condition by a constant factor. In the "natural" case no additional forcing is used; in the "forced" and "heavily forced" cases this factor is 5 and 20, respectively. The wake spreading rate Is increased by factors of 1.7 and 7.1 for the two forced cases. The Reynolds stresses are also increased by a similar or even larger factor. These results indicate that the plane wake is much more sensitive to initial forcing than the plane mixing layer. As in the plane mixing layer, two-dimensional forcing promotes more organized large-scale vortical flow structures and these structures axe sometimes separated by "braid regions" containing streamwise "rib" vortices, unlike in the unforced wake.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: Forty-Seventh Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society; Nov 20, 1994 - Nov 22, 1994; Atlanta, GA; United States
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