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  • Institute of Physics  (128)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science  (124)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (97)
  • 2020-2022
  • 1965-1969
  • 1955-1959  (349)
  • 1956  (349)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The dilute solution viscosity properties of fractions of two linear and one branched sample of polyvinyl acetate in benzene and of two linear and one branched fraction in several solvents were measured at 35°C. Values of total slope, b (from plots of ηsp/c vs. c), and intrinsic viscosities were obtained under the requirement that k′ + β = 0.500 ± 0.002. Empirical plots of log b vs. log [η] gave lines which were straight within the limits of accuracy of the data. For the linear fractions in benzene, Huggins' k′ was constant and the slope of the log b vs. log [η] line was 2; for the branched fractions in benzene, k′ increased with [η] and the slope of the log b vs. log [η] line was greater than 2. The log b vs. log [η] plots form the basis for a “one-point” method for determining [η]. Consideration of these data along with results reported in the literature indicates that k′ is measurably sensitive to branching only for fractions possessing a certain minimum combination of size and complexity. However, in some cases where the variations of k′ are inconclusive, use of the slope of the log b vs. log [η] line may provide a reliable indication of branching. It was found that a comparison between the branched and linear series could also be made at constant values of [η] or b. Two linear fractions in different solvents obeyed a type of Huggins relationship in which k′ did not vary with solvent and the slope of the log b vs. log [η] line was 2. For a higher molecular weight branched fraction, however, k′ varied from solvent to solvent and the slope of the log-log plot was about 1.7. These data do not support a reference point concept of “true” intrinsic viscosity based on a simple linear relationship between b and [η]. Preliminary results dealing with the effects of the shear rate indicated that the measured viscosity properties of branched fractions may be more seriously affected by changes in shear rate than those of linear fractions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1956-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0370-1298
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1956-05-11
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1956-05-11
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 2 (1956), S. 18-25 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method of estimating the true conditions of operation of a bubble-cap tray is presented. Intermediate between the Murphree and the Lewis methods, which represent the extremes of actual operation, this method involves the use of a correlation to determine the degree of liquid mixing on the tray and the use of new relations between the Murphree vapor efficiency, the Lewis case I efficiency, and the true local efficiency. For the last, partial liquid mixing is taken into account.Data were obtained on an 18-in. O.D. three-tray bubble-cap tower containing ten 3-in. bubble caps a tray. Partial liquid mixing was correlated for changes in vapor and liquid rates, pressure, temperature, and weir height for the system ethylene dichloride-toluene.Efficiency data on acetone-water, ethanol-water, and ethylene dichloride-toluene showed the following effects: (1) low concentration of lwo boiler usually, but not always, resulted in low true local efficiencies, always with high Murphree efficiencies; (2) vapor velocity effects are more intimately connected with slot velocity than superficial velocity (and hence entrainment); (3) raising the pressure gives higher efficiencies; (4) an increase in liquid depth increases the true local efficiency but may have no effect on the Murphree efficiency.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 2 (1956), S. 184-189 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rate of mass transfer was measured for solid metal shapes dissolving into mercury at room temperature. Sherwood numbers for horizontal tin, cadmium, zinc, and lead cylinders dissolving by natural convection agreed with Nusselt numbers for heat transfer in nonmetallic liquids at the same Rayleigh (Grashof × Prandtl) numbers. Dissolving of zinc tubes by mercury flowing turbulently within them agreed with heat transfer to nonmetals in tubes. Dissolving of random beds of lead spheres by mercury flowing through the bed agreed with similar nonmetal systems. It is concluded that mass transfer processes in liquid metals follow substantially the correlations for other fluids in heat or mass transfer, which with moderate safey factors may thus be used for at least preliminary design purposes.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 2 (1956), S. 518-524 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper reports a direct experimental comparison of the cracking of cumene in a fluidized bed of silica-alumina catalyst with the same reaction in a fixed bed. The effects of fluidization on the kinetics of this reaction are interpreted in terms of an empirical approach using effectiveness factors and by a simplified mathematical model.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 20 (1956), S. 46-56 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Änderungen in der UR-Absorption von Kautschuk nach Cyklisierung werden beschrieben. Die Spektren von cyklisiertem Kautschuk, der bei Einwirkung von Schwefelsäure auf stabilisierten Hevea Milchsaft dargestellt wurde, zeigen, daß Cyklisierung auch bei Zimmertemperatur stattfindet. Die Spektraländerungen werden noch deutlicher wenn die Reaktion bei 80°C durchgeführt wird. Ein Vergleich der Spektren von cyklisiertem Kautschuk und 1,2-Dimethyl-Cyclohexen-1 deutet an, daß der cyklisierte Kautschuk substituierte Cyclohexen-Ring-Systeme enthält. Eine Absorption bei 13,17 μ war charakteristisch für cyclisierten Kautschuk.Die Änderungen in den UR-Absorption-Spektren von cyklisiertem Kautschuk nach Chloraddition werden ebenfalls diskutiert. Cyklisierter Kautschuk zeigt nach Chlorierung charakteristische Absorption von beiden, chloriertem und cyklisiertem Kautschuk.
    Notes: The changes in the infra-red absorption spectra of rubber following cyclization are reported. The spectra of cyclized rubber prepared by the action of sulphuric acid on stabilized Hevea latex have shown that cyclization starts even at room temperature. The spectral changes were more pronounced when the reaction was carried out at 80°C. From a comparison of the spectra of cyclized rubber with that of 1,2-dimethyl-cyclohex-1-ene, it is inferred that cyclized rubber contain substituted cyclohexene type rings. Absorption at 13.17 μ appeared to be characteristic of cyclized rubber.The changes in the infra-red absorption spectra of cyclized rubber, following additive chlorination are also discussed. Chlorinated cyclized rubber showed absorptions, characteristic of cyclized rubber and chlorinated rubber.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 20 (1956), S. 133-136 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A study of the decomposition of benzoyl peroxide in very dilute solutions is reported. This work is preliminary to a detailed investigation of the mechanism by which the peroxide initiates radical polymerizations; 14C-benzoyl peroxide has been used. In dilute solutions in benzene, almost all the benzoate radicals generated from benzoyl peroxide lose carbon dioxide before they can enter into other reactions; various substance e.g., diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, styrene, and cumene, which can react with free radicals, decrease the yield of carbon dioxide.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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