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  • Chemical Engineering  (12)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (10)
  • Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (22)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984
  • 1955-1959  (22)
  • 1955  (22)
Collection
Keywords
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (22)
Years
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984
  • 1955-1959  (22)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of heat transfer to fluidized beds (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 1 (1955), S. 374-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In order to determine the nature of the resistance controlling heat transfer between fluidized beds and surfaces in contact with them, heat transfer measurements were made on the same solid constituents with several different fluidizing gases. The heat transfer coefficients obtained with fluidized beds are found to be proportional to the square root of the thermal conductivity of the quiescent beds. This result indicates that the process controlling fluidized heat transfer may be considered to be an unsteady-state diffusion of heat into mobile elements of quiescent bed material.This picture is analyzed mathematically to yield an equation for the heat transfer coefficient h = h \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ h = \sqrt {{\rm K}_{\rm m} \rho _{\rm m} cS} $\end{document} wherein the effects of the bed thermal properties are separated from the effects of the stirring factor S, which accounts for bed motion and geometry. The mass transfer analogue is also derived and shown to correlate existing mass and heat transfer data reasonably well.It is concluded that the proposed mechanism yields a satisfactory picture of the fluidized heat transfer process and may provide the beginnings of a rational approach to the correlation and prediction of fluidized heat transfer in engineering work.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690010317
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient behavior of single-phase natural-circulation loop systems (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 1 (1955), S. 417-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A useful method is reported for calculating temperatures and rates of flow in the unsteady-state operation of natural-circulation loops in single phase. A one-dimensional mathematical model is used with the assumptions that (1) at any instant the volumetric rate of flow is constant around the loop and (2) steady-state friction factors can be applied in transient operations. The loop, consisting of a heat source, heat sink, hot leg, cold leg, and connecting piping, is divided into a number of finite increments. The transient behavior is calculated by the iterative application of the finite-difference momentum and energy balances. Numerical computations made for several cases of transient operations were carried out with the aid of the Standard Eastern Automatic Computer (SEAC).Comparisons of predicted with actual performances were checked by use of two experimental loops employing water and found satisfactory.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690010407
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capacity factors in the performance of perforated-plate columns (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 1 (1955), S. 441-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A study was made of factors affecting the vapor-handling capacity of perforated-plate liquid-vapor contacting columns. Vapor-phase pressure drop across plates, liquid entrainment upward from plate to plate, and plate stability were investigated as functions of operational and geometric column parameters.Gas-phase pressure drop across dry perforated plates was observed to follow functional relationships predicted from available information for single perforations. The presence of liquid on a plate increased the total pressure drop by the equivalent clear-liquid head plus a small residue which is nearly constant for a given liquid.Entrainment was observed to be a function of column gas velocity, independent of gas velocity in the perforations. Weight rate of entrainment was also found to be proportional to the gas density, independent of liquid density, and inversely proportional to the liquid-surface tension. For a given system, entrainment was observed to be proportional to approximately the third power of the group, gas velocity divided by the distance between the liquid surface and the plate above.The stability of perforated plates was observed to be adequate for many industrial and experimental applications, as also reported in recently published studies, but contrary to qualitative statements found in the earlier literature. Stability was found to increase with decreasing perforation diameter and decreasing total perforation area relative to column cross-sectional area; to increase with greater gas density, liquid surface tension, and liquid wetting power; and to be virtually independent of liquid density and viscosity.Operating limits of vapor and liquid throughput are shown for a typical application of perforated plates in liquid-vapor contacting columns.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690010410
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport of momentum and energy in a ducted jet: III. Correlation of profiles of total momentum and energy flux in a nonisothermal jet discharging into a duct (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 1 (1955), S. 69-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The data in the first paper of this series on the distribution of momentum and energy in nonisothermal air streams mixing in a straight duct were correlated by the methods described in the second paper. Mixing indexes were evaluated and used to correlate profiles of total momentum and stagnation temperature at various sections of the duct.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690010110
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport of momentum and energy in a ducted jet: I. Experimental study of a nonisothermal jet of air discharging into a duct (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 1 (1955), S. 55-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A heated jet of air from an 0.898-in. standard A.S.M.E. nozzle was discharged into a 4-in. steel duct, well insulated over its entire 10-ft. length. Air from the region surrounding the nozzle was entrained into the duct. At a number of points along the duct, radial profiles of air velocity and temperature were obtained by means of a probe which combined an impact tube and a thermocouple. The temperature at each of several points along the duct wall was indicated by thermocouples imbedded in the wall.In the experiments reported here the velocity at the jet was 585 ft./sec.; the temperature of the jet was about 220°F. and that of the entrained air was about 88°F. The total air flow rate through the duct was 0.67 lb./sec., and the heat flux was 4.9 B.t.u./sec., with the temperature of the entrained air taken as the datum.The radial and axial profiles of velocity and temperature are compared and discussed; the temperatures of the stream near the duct wall and of the duct wall itself are given. Conservation of mass and heat was checked by graphical integration of the radial profiles.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690010108
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport of momentum and energy in a ducted jet: II. Theoretical study of turbulent transport of momentum, energy, and matter in ducted coaxial streams (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 1 (1955), S. 61-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper concerns the kinetics of the processes that take place when a high-velocity jet of fluid mixes turbulently with a low-velocity, induced stream of the same fluid in a duct of uniform diameter. Semi-two-dimensional solutions of the equations of transport involving two empirical coefficients were obtained by application of Reichardt's hypothesis and three assumptions: (a) a negligible fraction of the flow entity (energy, mass, or momentum) is lost at the wall and the presence of the boundary layer may be ignored, (b) the static pressure is uniform over a section of the duct, and (c) the turbulence pattern is similar to that in free jets except that the duct wall limits the growth of the scale of the turbulence. A mixing index, which is a measure of the degree to which the jet stream remains unmixed with the induced stream at any point, was defined and related to the geometry of the system and the flow parameters by means of the theoretical equation, and a method of evaluating the empirical coefficients for a typical case of momentum transport was described.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690010109
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Approximate equations for time of batch fractionation (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 1 (1955), S. 111-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Analytical expressions are obtained for the calculation of the time required for batch rectification of binary feeds which may be treated by assuming constant relative volatility and no column holdup. The equations cover constant reflux operations and varying reflux constant product operations for the two cases involving either a large or a small number of theoretical stages. The latter type of calculation has hitherto been possible only by tedious graphical methods. This paper introduces novel pseudoequilibrium curves which lead to simple equations of considerable accuracy. The equations obtained may be rearranged or modified so that other factors such as sharpness of fractionation may be represented analytically.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690010117
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turbulence in falling liquid films (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 1 (1955), S. 178-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: On the basis of fluid dynamic and heat transfer studies on falling-film towers by various investigators, it has been commonly accepted by most workers that the liquid flow is essentially streamline in nature for liquid-film Reynolds numbers under 1,800 to 2,000; conseuquently it would be expected that the rate of physical gas absorption in such liquid films could be predicted directly from a knowledge of molecular diffusion rates.Measurements of the absorption of pure gases in falling liquid films at low Reynolds numbers substantiated the findings of other investigators that the mass transfer rates were manyfold greater than could have been predicted if molecular diffusion were the only transfer process. Increased interfacial area due to rippling of the liquid films could not account for the large increase in mass transfer rates found, and experiments with the addition of a dye stream to the liquid at the freer interface indicated turbulence.Dissolution rates of slightly soluble solids coated on the tube wall to liquid films were measured and showed that the liquid film was not in laminar flow even for Reynolds numbers as low as 300.An explanation is proposed which resolves these apparently conflicting results between momentum and heat and mass transfer, based on the fact that mass transfer measurements provide a more sensitive test for the presence of turbulence than do momentum or heat transfer measurements.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690010209
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Membrane separations in the liquid phase (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 1 (1955), S. 215-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690010214
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-temperature oxidation of ammonia in fixed and fluidized beds (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 1 (1955), S. 318-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The oxidation of ammonia in the presence of manganous oxide-bismuth oxide catalyst supported on small alumina spheres was studied in both fixed and fluidized beds in the temperature range from 205° to 250°C. The column used was 4½ in. in diameter and 43 in. high. The experiments were made so that the transport effects in the fluidized bed might be separated from the chemical kinetic effects.In accordance with the theory of two-phase fluidization proposed in a previous paper, comparison is made between the reaction rate associated with the discontinuous phase and that associated with the continuous phase as estimated from the results in the fixed bed. The over-all reaction-rate constants in the fluidized bed can be related to those in the fixed bed by an exponential term in the superficial gas velocity, Vn; n is a constant which depends on the reaction system and the size and type of the reactor.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690010308
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