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  • 1
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    A highly active and stable IrOx/SrIrO3 catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-02
    Description: Oxygen electrochemistry plays a key role in renewable energy technologies such as fuel cells and electrolyzers, but the slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) limit the performance and commercialization of such devices. Here we report an iridium oxide/strontium iridium oxide (IrO x /SrIrO 3 ) catalyst formed during electrochemical testing by strontium leaching from surface layers of thin films of SrIrO 3 . This catalyst has demonstrated specific activity at 10 milliamps per square centimeter of oxide catalyst (OER current normalized to catalyst surface area), with only 270 to 290 millivolts of overpotential for 30 hours of continuous testing in acidic electrolyte. Density functional theory calculations suggest the formation of highly active surface layers during strontium leaching with IrO 3 or anatase IrO 2 motifs. The IrO x /SrIrO 3 catalyst outperforms known IrO x and ruthenium oxide (RuO x ) systems, the only other OER catalysts that have reasonable activity in acidic electrolyte.
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Kenntnis des 2-Oxy-3,4-diamino-pentans. I. Teil. Synthese, Struktur und Oxydation von N-Acylderivaten (1955)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 38 (1955), S. 1689-1698 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of the novel polyfunctional system 2-hydroxy-3,4-diamino-pentane is reported and various acyl derivatives are described. Oxidation of the latter yields α,β-diacylamino ketones, which are readily reduced back to alcohols.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19550380705
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die konkurrierende 1,2- und 1,3-Acylwanderung. Zur Kenntnis des 2-Oxy-3,4-diamino-pentans. II. Teil1) (1955)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 38 (1955), S. 1699-1707 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reversible 1,2 and 1,3 acyl migrations with retention of configuration are shown to occur in 2-hydroxy-3,4-diamino-pentane. In 2-hydroxy-3,4-bis(acetylamino)-pentane, where 1,2 and 1,3 migration of like acyl groupe compete, the former reaction was the only one observed. In 2-hydroxy-3-benzoylamino-4-acetylamino-pentane, where 1,2 benzoyl migration competes with 1,3 acetyl migration, the latter predominated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19550380706
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The viscosity slope constant k′ - ternary systems: Polymer-polymer-solventThis work was done as part of the requirements for the Master of Science degree and was supported by the National Research Council of Canada. (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 16 (1955), S. 177-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The viscosity slope constant k′, i.e., \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop {\lim }\limits_{c \to 0} \frac{{d\left( {{{\eta _{sp} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\eta _{sp} } c}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} c}} \right)}}{{dc}}\frac{1}{{[\eta ]^2 }} $\end{document}, is shown to be of increasing significance in polymer science as a molecular-weight-independent criterion of solvent power and as a parameter sensitive to various changes in polymer structure, such as long-chain branching. Ideally, it is a dimensionless parameter, independent of molecular size, which arises only from the mutual hydrodynamic interaction of polymer molecules and depends, therefore, on the intrinsic flexibility of the polymer chain and on the polymer density in the coiled molecule. In real systems, however, other interactions may contribute, sometimes very significantly, to k′. For such real systems, the general expression: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ k' = k + a + \frac{K}{{[\eta ]^2 }}\left( {[\eta ]_{(2)} - [\eta ]_{(1)} } \right) $\end{document} is suggested. In ternary systems, polymer-polymer-solvent, ideal expressions for ηsp/c and k′ are developed, that for k′ being: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ k' = \sum\limits_i {\sum\limits_j {\surd \bar k_i [\eta ]_i w_i {{\surd \bar k_j [\eta ]_i w_i } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\surd \bar k_j [\eta ]_i w_i } {(\sum\limits_i {[\eta ]_i w_i } )^2 }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {(\sum\limits_i {[\eta ]_i w_i } )^2 }}} } $\end{document} It is proposed that deviations from ideal behavior so defined are due to nonhydrodynamic polymer-polymer interactions and might be used to detect and measure the strength of such interactions. Some preliminary data for the system polystyrene-poly(methyl methacrylate)-m-xylene are presented and discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1955.120168208
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydroxyethyl nylon,Although the product will be referred to as hydroxyethyl nylon, a term consistent with the related derivatives of cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol, it should be noted that the combined ethylene oxide is, in this case, largely present as chemically bonded polyethylene oxide chains. a new flexible superpolyamide derivativeThis paper reports work done under contract with the Chemical Corps, U. S. Army, Washington 25, D. C. (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 15 (1955), S. 427-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Interesting new derivatives of nylon with unusual properties were prepared by treating nylon with ethylene oxide. These graft copolymers have greatly enhanced flexibility but still retain the high melting character of the original nylon. A hydroxyethyl 6-6 nylon containing 50% combined ethylene oxide was found to be flexible and useful over a very large temperature range, the polymer having a melting point of 221°C. and an apparent second-order transition point below -40°C. Analyses, carried out to study the distribution of combined ethylene oxide residues in these materials, indicated a tendency toward limited substitution of the nylon backbone and rather long average polyethylene glycol branch lengths. The distributions of the combined ethylene oxide residues are correlated with the nature of the starting materials. Synthetic methods, analyses, infrared spectra, solubilities, viscosity behavior, melting point and second-order transition point data, stress-elongation results, and moisture permeabilities of these materials are reported. The hydroxyethyl derivatives are more hydrophilic than the unsubstituted linear nylons. Hydroxyethyl nylon should also be considerably more stable than Type 8 nylon since it does not contain the labile N-methoxymethyl linkage. A striking contrast in properties exists between hydroxyethyl nylon and derivatives of nylon prepared in solution under homogeneous conditions. This difference in properties is attributed to a nonrandom distribution of branch sites along the chain in the case of hydroxyethyl nylon. This nonrandomness is due to the heterogeneous nature of the ethylene oxide-nylon reaction and to the formation of primary hydroxyl groups which are more reactive toward ethylene oxide than the original amide =NH groups.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1955.120158010
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerization characteristics of ethyl vinyl ether and its beta-bromo and beta-carbethoxy derivatives (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 16 (1955), S. 577-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The copolymerization of ethyl vinyl ether with acrylonitrile leads to values of the copolymerization parameters of Q = 0.06 and e = -0.8. Calculations from other data in the literature suggested that Q = 0.015 and e = -1.6 are better values. Copolymerization of β-bromovinyl ethyl ether with styrene and methyl methacrylate indicates Q = 0.014 and e = 0.35. For ethyl β-ethoxyacrylate, copolymerization with styrene and acrylonitrile indicates Q = 0.015 and e = 0.3. Both substituted vinyl lethers showed a much lower reactivity (Q factor) than expected. The decreased resonance interaction in these molecules was further supported by infrared data. Attempts to prepare β-chlorovinyl methyl ether by three different methods were unsuccessful.
    Additional Material: 16 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1955.120168240
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vergleichende Intensitätsmessungen bei Debye-Scherrer-Aufnahmen an Pulverpräparaten (1955)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 27 (1955), S. 196-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es wurden für Silicium die theoretischen Intensitätswerte berechnet und durch Messungen mit Hilfe der photographischen Methode und mit dem Zählrohrgoniometer bestätigt. Aus vorliegenden Messungen ergibt sich, daß Silicium bei quantitativen Röntgenuntersuchungen als Vergleichsstandard verwendet werden kann.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330270406
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kaltzink, ein neuer, bemerkenswerter Oberflächenschutz (1955)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 6 (1955), S. 521-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zinc rich paint, a New remarkable Surface ProtectionAt first the well known hot galvanizing methods like the wet and dry, lead-zinc, galvanealing, Crapo and Sendzimir processes are discussed. The review is continued by cold galvanisation, Sheradizing and the galvanizing by flame spraying with electric and autogenic spraying guns. Finally the new zinc rich paint is described. Advantage and disadvantage of all these processes are compared. The article concludes with a charges comparison account of the different galvanizing methods and a list of literature references.
    Notes: Zunächst werden die bekannten Feuerverzinkungsverfahren, wie Naß- und Trockenverfahren, das Blei-Zink-, Galvannealing-, Crapo- und Sendzimir-Verfahren behandelt. Darauf folgt die galvanische Verzinkung, das Sherardisieren und die Verzinkung durch Flammspritzen mit elektrischen und autogenen Spritzpistolen. Anschließend wird der neue Kaltzinkschutz beschrieben. Die Vor- und Nachteile der verschiedenen Verfahren werden gegenübergestellt. Den Schluß bilden ein Kostenvergleich der verschiedenen Verzinkungsarten und ein Schrifttumsnachweis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19550061102
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-solid contact in fluidized beds (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 1 (1955), S. 349-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: According to the concept of two-phase fluidization, a part of the gas in a fluidized reactor passes through the uniform dispersed solid-gas phase in the form of bubbles, channels, and slugs. Material transport by mixing or diffusion takes place at the phase boundaries. A mass transfer coefficient between the two phases may be used to evaluate the effectiveness of contact between the gas and solid. The reaction rate for the catalytic decomposition of nitrous oxide was determined in a fluidized bed of impregnated alumina particles and compared with the corresponding rate in a fixed bed. Simultaneous rate equations were established based on the assumption that the continuous phase is either completely unmixed or uniformly mixed, and the discontinuous phase passes without mixing. The effects of the velocity of the gas, the particle size, and the bed depth on the transfer coefficient were investigated. Applications to heat transfer in fluidized beds and equipment design are discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690010313
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A note on equations of time (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 1 (1955), S. 410-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690010321
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