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  • Chemistry  (35)
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  • 1955  (15)
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  • 1980-1984  (14)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; Chlorophenols in water ; Preconcentration ; Post-column photochemical dechlorination ; Electrochemical, UV and fluorescence detection ; Column switching
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A specific HPLC method has been developed for the trace analysis of lower chlorinated aromatic compounds. The method consists of an on-line preconcentration and a post-column reaction step. On-line preconcentration of mono- and dichlorophenols from aqueous samples has been performed using PRP1, a divinylbenzene-styrene copolymeric sorbent as packing material for both pre-and analytical column. Enrichment factors of over 300 were obtained compared to regular (100 μl) loop injections, even for the highly polar monochlorophenols. After reversed-phase separation, post-column photochemical dechlorination is carried out directly in the eluent stream, using a photochemical reactor. Upon dechlorination, fluorescent products are formed, which can be detected selectively. The resulting fluorescence signal shows a linear response to the quantity of solute present over 2 to 3 orders of magnitude (correlation coefficients: 0.990–0.98). For the mono- and dichlorophenols, the detection limit of the photoconversion method is in the lower nanogram range. The method is especially suitable for the analysis of complex matrices such as effluent water samples or biological fluids containing traces of the polar chloroaromatic compounds together with large amounts of other constituents, which interfere when using more general methods of detection like UV absorption. The potential of this technique for automation has been demonstrated by using a microprocessor-controlled column switching unit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; Photochemical reaction detection ; Chemical post-column reduction ; Fluorimetric detection ; Air segmented flow systems ; Non-aqueous reversed-phase chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A new photochemical reaction method for the on-line fluorimetric detection of natural vitamin K homologs was developed. In addition to its high sensitivity, the method features an interesting selectivity for the determination of these compounds in a complex matrix such as human serum. The formation of different photolysis products as a function of reaction conditions, and the optimalisation of a segmented flow reaction system will be discussed. The results indicate that the method is 4 times more sensitive than UV detection, and at least as selective as fluorescence detection after post-column chemical reduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; Nucleobases ; Nucleosides ; Silica gel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The retention behaviour of nucleobases and nucleosides on unmodified silica with dichloromethane-methanol-water mixtures has been systematically investigated. The degree and order of retention can be varied over a wide range by changing the pH, the type and concentration of the acidic additives and by the methanol and water content of the mobile phase. The retention process cannot be considered as simple adsorption but rather as a very complex mixed distribution process of adsorption and absorption including the involvement of ion-pair formation. Further data on the effect of the type of silica (source of supply) on retention behaviour, column efficiency and column reproducibility are reported. The practical application of unmodified silica for the separation of nucleobases and nucleosides is demonstrated by the analysis of a hydrolysate of calf thymus DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 237-241 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; Electron capture detection ; Improved interface
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary An improved interface for the coupling of a liquid chromatograph (LC) and an electron-capture detector (ECD) allows the use of the LC-ECD combination for the determination of various types of chlorinated aromatic compounds. The addition of up to 6% of dioxan to the hexane used as mobile phase can be tolerated without serious deterioration of detector performance. Derivatization of polar compounds such as anilines, phenylurea herbicides, chlorophenols and hydroxylated polychlorobiphenyls with fluorine-and non-fluorine-containing acid anhydrides is a useful tool to extend the application range of LC-ECD. As an example, the analysis of a spiked soil sample is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 19-26 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, glass capillary ; Selective detection ; Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Carbon black ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Glass capillary gas chromatography has been investigated as a method for the analysis of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAH) using both splitless and on-column injection techniques. The nitro-PAH showed good chromatographic performance and thermal stability under the GC conditions used. Retention times and response factors of several nitro-PAH were compared to those of conventional PAH.Simultaneous flame ionization and thermionic nitrogen selective detection was used to facilitate identification of nitro-PAH in complex samples. The feasibility of the method is demonstrated on two samples of commercial carbon black. Besides 1-nitropyrene several isomeric dinitropyrenes have been identified.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography, TLC ; Reversed phase TLC ; Chemically bonded stationary phases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An overview is given of the literature publisned in the field of thin-layer chromatography on chemically bonded phases. Aspects which merit further attention are: quantitative analysis, organic solvent selection, stationary phase characteristics, surface modification of precoated silica plates, ion-pair chromatography and correlation of thin-layer and column chromatographic data.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography, (HP)TLC ; Pre-chromatographic derivatization ; Quantitation of estriol, cortisol, selenium ; Biological matrix ; Water analysis ; Ready-for-use column extraction ; Fluorescence enhancement ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 33 (1982), S. 647-653 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion fatigue of plasmanitrided steelThe effect of plasma-nitriding of steel 34 CrAlMo 5 on corrosion fatigue has been investigated in cyclic torsion. The tests were conducted in air, tap water and artifical sea water. Crack initiation and propagation have been studied by means of metallographic and fractographic methods to identify the fatigue mechanisms.Main results may be summarized as follows: The fatigue strength increases by about 40% due to plasma-nitriding over that of nonnitrided steel when tested in air. Even in corrosion environment plasma-nitriding improves remarkably the fatigue strength. The torsional fatigue strength of plasmanitrided specimen is not affected by the presence of tap water. In artifical sea water the distinct fatigue limit disappears. However, the fatigue life of the plasmanitrided specimen increases by factor of 10 compared with that of non-nitrided specimen. The reasons for this improvement were discussed by considering the mechanical and metallurgical aspects of the problems.
    Notes: Das Schwingungsrißkorrosionsverhalten von plasmanitriertem Stahl 34 CrAlMo 5 wurde in Torsionswechselversuchen an Luft, in Leitungswasser und in künstlichem Meerwasser untersucht. Rißbildung und Rißausbreitung wurden mittels metallographischer und fraktographischer Untersuchungsmethoden analysiert. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich folgendermaßen zusammenfassen: Durch das Plasmanitrieren wird an Luft eine Steigerung der Dauerfestigkeit um 40% gegenüber dem unbehandelten Zustand erreicht. Auch bei Einwirkung eines korrosiven Mediums bewirkt die Plasmanitrierschicht eine wesentliche Verbesserung des Dauerschwingverhaltens. Die Torsionswechselfestigkeit des plasmanitrierten Werkstoffes wird von einer Leitungswasserumgebung nicht beeinträchtigt. Im künstlichen Meerwasser existiert sowohl im unbehandelten als auch im plasmanitrierten Werkstoffzustand keine Dauerfestigkeit. Die Lebensdauer des plasmanitrierten Werkstoffes ist jedoch um eine Zehnerpotenz größer als die des unbehandelten Werkstoffes. Für die dargestellten Versuchsergebnisse werden verschiedene Deutungsmöglichkeiten diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 67 (1955), S. 427-428 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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