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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (14)
  • 1995-1999  (13)
  • 1950-1954  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 37 (1995), S. 123-142 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Secondary structure investigations, affinities, and activities of neuropeptide Y analogues with respect to the Y1 and the Y2 receptor are reviewed. The results are discussed with respect to the different prerequisites for affinities to both receptor subtypes. The results from a systematic scanning of the hormone using L-alanine and from a large variety of discontinuous and cyclic analogs suggest that two different conformations of neuropeptide Y are adopted at the Y1 and Y2 receptors. Whereas a C-terminal turn structure is suggested for Y1 receptor affinity, an α-helical conformation of the C-terminus is afforded for good binding to the Y2 receptor. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new approach for evaluating the secondary structure of proteins by CD spectroscopy of overlapping peptide segments is applied to porcine adenylate kinase (AK1) and yeast guanylate kinase (GK3).One hundred seventy-six peptide segments of a length of 15 residues, overlapping by 13 residues and covering the complete sequences of AK1 and GK3, were synthesized in order to evaluate their secondary structure composition by CD spectroscopy.The peptides were prepared by solid phase multiple peptide synthesis method using the 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl/tert-butyl strategy. The individual peptide secondary structures were studied with CD spectroscopy in a mixture of 30% trifluoroethanol in phosphate buffer (pH 7) and subsequently compared with x-ray data of AK1 and GK3.Peptide segments that cover α-helical regions of the AK1 or GK3 sequence mainly showed CD spectra with increasing and decreasing Cotton effects that were typical for appearing and disappearing α-helical structures. For segments with dominating β-sheet conformation, however, the application of this method is limited due to the stability and clustering of β-sheet segments in solution and due to the difficult interpretation of random-coiled superimposed β-sheet CD signals.Nevertheless, the results of this method especially for α-helical segments are very impressive. All α-helical and 71% of the β-sheet containing regions of the AK1 and GK3 could be identified. Moreover, it was shown that CD spectra of consecutive peptide content reveal the appearance and disappearance of α-helical secondary structure elements and help localizing them on the sequence string. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 41: 213-231, 1997
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 28 (1997), S. 142-148 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermal-mechanical and isothermal fatigue behaviour of the nickel-base superalloy IN 792 CCMany components used in high temperature applications are exposed to complex thermal-mechanical loadings during operation. For this reason the effect of start-stop-cycles with thermalmechanical fatigue (TMF) as consequence was investigated by means of In-Phase(IP)and Out-of-Phase (OP) TMF tests. The fatigue life of the γ'hardend nickel-base cast superalloy IN 792 CC decreases with increasing maximum temperatures Tmax of the TMF cycles, due to the increasing plastic deformations and the increasing mean stress (OP-TMF) or increasing intergranular; damage (IP-TMF), respectively. These relations can be satisfactorily described using the Manson-Coffin-relationship or the damage parameters of Smith-Watson-Topper and Ostergren. By contrast, the influence of different phase shifts between temperature and mechanical loading also cannot be approximately described with one consistant relation between damage parameters and fatigue life. The evaluation of TMF loadings based on results from isothermal LCF-tests with the same frequency and respective mechanical strain leads always to an overrating of the fatigue life, even if the temperature of the isothermal test is the maximum temperature of the TMF cycle. This applies when comparing mechanical loading values as well as when comparing damage parameters.
    Notes: Beim Betrieb von Anlagen unter erhöhter Temperatur sind Bauteile Komplexen thermisch-mechanischen Beanspruchungen ausgesetzt. Deshalb wurde die Auswirkung von wiederholten Anfahr- und Abfahrvorgängen, die thermisch-mechanische Ermüdungsbelastungen (TMF) zur Folge haben, mit Hilfe von Out-of-Phase (OP) und In-Phase (IP) TMF Experimenten untersucht. An der γ'verfestigten Nickelbasis-Gußlegierung IN 792 CC nimmt die Lebensdauer mit steigender Maximaltemperatur Tmax der TMF Zyklen aufgrund der wachsenden plastischen Verformungen und der zunehmenden Mittelspannungen (bei OP-TMF) bzw. der wachsenden intergranularen Schädigung (bie IP-TMF) ab. Diese Zusammenhänge können für IP-TMF bzw. OP-TMF getrennt durch die Manson-Coffin-Beziehung oder die Schädigungsparameter nach Smith-Watson-Topper und Ostergren befriedigend beschrieben werden. Der Einfluß unterschiedlicher Phasenlagenzwischen Temperatur und mechanischer Beanspruchung läßt sich dagegen auch nicht näherungsweise auf einen einheitlichen Zusammenhang zwischen Schädigungsparameter und Lebensdauer abbilden. Die Bewertung von TMF-Beanspruchungen; durch Ergebnisse isothermer LCF-Versuche mit gleicher Versuchsfrequenz und jeweils vergleichbaren mechanischen Belastungen führt stets zu einer Lebensdauerüberschätzung, auch wenn als Referenz isotherme Versuche bei der Maximaltemperatur des TMF-Zyklus herangezogen werden. Dies gilt sowohl für den Vergleich basierend auf mechanischen Beanspruchungsgrößen, als auch für den Vergleich anhand von Schädigungsparametern.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 8 (1996), S. 381-384 
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 118-118 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 46 (1995), S. 447-459 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Korrosion von vorbehandeltem Aluminium nach der kathodischen ElektrotauchlackierungDie Kathodische Elektrotauchlackierung (KTL) ist seit nahezu zwei Jahrzehnten bei der industriellen Abscheidung von Grundierungen auf Stahl gut eingeführt. Epoxidharze ergeben optimale Resultate. Es besteht ein zunehmender Bedarf, dieselbe Technik für Aluminium anzuwenden, speziell für die Mischbauweise Eisen/Aluminium bei Autokarosserien. Allerdings kann dieses Metall durch die OH- -Ionen angegriffen werden, die bei der kathodischen Elektrolyse von Wasser gemäß H2O + e- → ½ H2 + OH entstehen. Die. Al2O · xH2O Schutzschicht kann sich langsam auflösen als Aluminat, und dann reagiert das Al-Metall schnell mit Wasser unter Bildung des dreifachen Volumens an Wasserstoff, wobei die oxidische Schicht wiederhergestellt wird. Demgemäß ist die Bruttoreaktion für die kathodische Korrosion des Al gegeben durch: Al + 2H2O + e- → AlO2- + 2H2.Es ist zu erwarten, daß die Änderungen an der Phasengrenze Al/AlOOH/Lack und die Akkumulation von hydrolisiertem Aluminat im Überzug unter anderem auch das Korrosionsschutzverhalten der Lackschichten beeinflussen könnten. Eine systematische Untersuchung des Einfusses von vier verschiedenen technischen Epoxidharzen von BASF Lacke & Farben AG (l)-(4) mit ihren individuellen Pigmentsystemen, wobei das eine für den Lack 3 frei von Bleisilikat war, wurde unternommen. Sieben verschiedene Aluminium (Legierungs) Substrate warden verwendet. Die Art der Vorbehandlung war in den meisten Fällen eine Zinkphosphatierung. Drei Standard-Korrosionstests für die konventionelle Korrosion (KK) und eine für Filiformkorrosion (FFK) wurden angewandt und standardmäßig ausgewertet. Der verschärfte Freibewitterungs-Korrosionstest dauerte 360 Tage.Es wurde gefunden, daß die Korrosionsschutzwirksamkeit für die KK hauptsächlich durch das Harz beeinflußt wurde, wobei sie in der folgenden Reihenfolge abnahm: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ (4) 〉 (2) 〉 (1),\,(3). $$\end{document}Der Einfluß des Substrats war nicht sehr ausgeprägt, aber ein relatives Optimum konnte erkannt werden mit Al Mg 0.4 Si 1.2 mit Gelbchromatierung und Bonazinc 2000® und mit Al Mg 1.5 Si 0.5 Cu 4.0 mit Gelbchromatierung (mit einer Ausnahme). Die Reihenfolge der Wirksamkeit gegen die FFK änderte sich wie folgt: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ (2) 〉 (3) 〉 〉 (1),\,(4), $$\end{document} und zinkphosphatiertes Al Mg 3 war allen anderen Substraten überlegen. Die analytisch bestimmte Geschwindigkeit der kathodischen Korrosion für unpigmentierte Lacke korrelierte nicht mit diesen Resultaten, und dies konnte indikativ sein für spezifische Pigmenteffekte. Zusammenfassend kann man sagen, daß these systematische Untersuchung auf der Basis von praktischen Systemen und Korrosionstestmethoden einen Weg aufzeigt für die Optimierung der KTL auf Aluminium.
    Notes: Cathodic deposition of paint (CDP) is Well introduced for the industrial coating of primers onto steel since nearly two decades. Epoxy resins provide optimum results. There is an increasing demand to apply the same technique for aluminium, especially for mixed constructions Fe/Al in motor car bodies. However, this metal may be attacked by the OH--ions, generated by the cathodic electrolysis of water according to: H2O + e- → ½ H2 + OH-. The Al2O3 · xH2O protecting layer may dissolve slowly as aluminate and Al-metal then reacts rapidly with water to generate the threefold volume of hydrogen under the reestablishment of the oxide layer. Thus, the overall reaction for this cathodic corrosion of Al is given by: Al + 2H2O + e- → AlO2- + 2H2.It can be foreseen, that the changes at the phase boundary Al, AlOOH/paint and the accumulation of hydrolysed aluminate in the coating may influence, among other, the corrosion protection behavior of the paint layers. A systematic study of the influence of four different industrial epoxy resins from BASF Lacks & Farben AG (1)-(4) with their individual pigment systems, the one for paint (3) to be free of lead silicate, was undertaken. Seven different aluminium (alloy) substrates were employed. Their pretreatment modes were mostly due to zincphosphatation. Three standard corrosion tests for conventional corrosion, (CC) and one for filiform corrosion (FFC) were employed and evaluated, as usual. The accelerated open air corrosion test lasted 360 days.It was found, that for CC the corrosion protection capability was predominantly influenced by the resin, and it decreased in the following order: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ (4) 〉 (2) 〉 (1),\,(3). $$\end{document}The effect of the substrate was not very pronounced, but a relative optimum could be seen with Al Mg 0.4 Si 1.2-chromate pretreatment and Bonazinc 2000® and with Al Mg 1.5 Si 0.5 Cu 4.0-chromate pretreatment (with one exception). The ranking for FFC changed to: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ (2) 〉 (3) 〉 〉 (1),\,(4), $$\end{document}, and zincphosphated Al Mg 3 was superior over all the other substrates. The analytically determined rate of cathodic corrosion for unpigmented paints did not correlate to these results, and this may be indicative for specific pigment effects. In conclusion, this systematic study reveals, on the basis of practical systems and corrosion test methods, a way for the optimization of CDP on aluminium.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 227 (1995), S. 101-110 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ein Cellulose- Austauscher wurde aus “o-Aminophenol-Cellulose” durch Diazotieren und Kuppeln mit Diaminodibenzo-17-krone-5 hergestellt. Die Verteilungskoeffizienten für Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Na+ und K+ wurden in Wasser/Methanol-Mischungen als Funktion des Wassergehaltes bestimmt. Die Trennung von Ca2+, Na+ und K+ und die Fraktionierung der Calciumisotope 48Ca und 40Ca wurde untersucht. Der Anreicherungsfaktor ε = 4.9 · 10-3 für 48Ca2+ ist merklich größer als der für Kationenaustauscher mit SO3H-Gruppen gefundene, aber niedriger als der in der Literatur für bestimmte Kryptanden angegebene Wert.
    Notes: A new cellulose exchanger was synthesized from “o-aminophenolcellulose” by diazotation and coupling with diaminodibenzo-17-crown-5. The distribution coefficients for Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Na+ and K+ were determined in water/methanol mixtures as a function of the water content. Separation of Ca2+, Na+ and K+ and fractionation of the calcium isotopes 48Ca and 40Ca were investigated. The enrichment factor ε = 4.9 · 10-3 for 48Ca2+ is appreciably higher than that found for cation exchange resins with —SO3H groups, but lower than that reported for certain cryptands.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 639-653 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: plasticized ethyl cellulose ; sorption and diffusion coefficient of oxygen ; degree of substitution ; plasticizer content ; cohesive energy density ; unoccupied volume and partition of ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Plasticized films cast from ethyl cellulose were examined to evaluate the effect of the degree of substitution, DS, and the plasticizer content on the sorption and diffusion of oxygen. Sorption and permeation measurements were performed over a temperature range of 25-65°C on three different types of ethyl cellulose in the DS range 1.7-2.5 that had been plasticized with organic esters of comparatively low molecular weight. Sorption coefficients were determined by the pressure decay method, and permeability coefficients were measured independently according to ASTM D-1434-66. The diffusion coefficients were calculated assuming Fickian transport, and were compared to the values directly obtained from the evaluation of the sorption kinetics. The permeability coefficient indicates that there is a significant improvement of the barrier properties of the materials when the DS is reduced and when the plasticizer content is at the absolute minimum required. It was found that the variation in the magnitude of the permeability coefficient is related to the value of the diffusion coefficient, which is governed by the chemical composition of the mixtures. In contrast, the solubility of oxygen was determined by the physical state of the polymer matrix and increased rapidly at temperatures significantly below the glass transition temperature. Using an ergodic model, the diffusion coefficients obtained were related to the size distribution of microvoids in the materials and relative values for the diffusion coefficient were computed as a function of DS and temperature. The model calculates the concentration (number per volume) of voids that are large enough to be occupied by a penetrant molecule. It was assumed that the unoccupied volume fraction as a function of the cohesive energy density follows a Boltzmann distribution. The cohesive energy density and the unoccupied volume fraction of the polymer-plasticizer mixtures were calculated by fitting the Simha-Somcynsky equation of state to pressure-volume-temperature data. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys, 35: 639-653, 1997
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Rapid Communications 19 (1998), S. 235-239 
    ISSN: 1022-1336
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Propene was polymerized with methylaluminoxane (MAO) and cationic activated rac-dimethylsilylene-2-methylbenz[e]indenylzirconocene [MBI-Cl2] and [MBI-Me2]. For cationic activation of the MBI-Me2 system tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane [I], N,N-dimethylanilinium tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate [III] were used. The MAO-activated dimethyl complex showed higher activity with respect to the dichloride system using high catalyst concentrations and [Al]/[Zr] ratios. Most effective cationic activator for MBI-Me2 was N,N-dimethylanilinium tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate [II] in combination with Al(i-Bu3). Using tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane [I] at different polymerization conditions or N,N-dimethylanilinium tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate [II] in combination with Al(Et)3 no propene polymerization was observed due to the occurrence of reduction of the catalytically active site.
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