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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (15)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1950-1954  (15)
  • 1953  (15)
Collection
Publisher
Years
  • 1980-1984
  • 1950-1954  (15)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 510-512 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The transmission method was used for calibration of light scattering. It was verified that the refraction corrections are practically n2 for the scattered light; the incident beam intensity through the cell must be empirically corrected for the refraction, due to some divergence of the primary beam of light. With this method of calibration, we obtain for Rayleigh's ration in the case of benzene at 20°C. and at a wave length of 4358 A, R = (48.4 ± 1.5)10-6cm.-1. For dissymetry measurements in the commercial semioctagonal “Pyrocell” cell, some total reflections are present for solutions where the refractive index is equal or higher than 1.41; these reflections can be easily avoided by putting an absorbing glass on the rear of the cell. On the other hand, a dissymetry correction is given for the Fresnel reflections, which are formed when the light beam emerges normally, to the wall of the cell.
    Notes: Nous utilisons la méthode de transmission pour calibrer la diffusion lumineuse. Nous vérifions en utilisant des solutions d'indices de réfraction différents que la correction de réfraction est pratiquement n2 pour l'intensité diffusée, l'intensité incidente à travers la cellule devant être corrigée empiriquement pour une réfraction due à la légère divergence du faisceau primaire. A partir de ce calibrage, nous obtenons pour le rapport de Rayleigh du benzène à 20°C. et pour λ 4358 A. R = (48,4 ± 1,5)10-6 cm.-1. Pour les mesures de dissymétrie dans la cellule commerciale semioctogonale “Pyrocell,” nous montrons la présence de réflexions totales pour les solutions d'indice de réfraction ≥ 1,41, réflexions qui peuvent être éliminées aisément en plaçant un verre absorbant dansle fond de la cellule. D'autre part, nous calculons la correction à apporter à la dissymétrie du fait des réflexions de Fresnel quand le faisceau lumineux émerge normalement à la paroi de la cellule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 587-591 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 447-454 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A simple and inexpensive instrument for measuring the osmotic pressure of polymer solutions has been designed. It consists of two 1-mm. I. D. Pyrex capillary tubes sealed into a flanged Pyrex sleeve, which is ground to fit snugly into a 19 × 60 mm. roundbased Alundum Thimble of medium porosity. A regenerated cellulose membrane is cast over the Alundum thimble, and the entire assembly is sealed in a test tube containing the polymer solution to be examined. This osmometer offers several unique advantages over others in current use. Its low cost and compact size permit inexpensive simultaneous measurement of many polymer solutions.A 1:3 copolymer of vinyltoluene and styrene monomers was separated into 24 cuts by fractional precipitation. On the basis of viscosity data these cuts were combined into 14 fractions. They were in the order of decreasing molecular weight, and infrared analysis indicated a uniform distribution of the ring methyl groups among the fractions. These two observations demonstrate that introduction of methyl groups into the benzene rings of a polystyrene molecule does not influence the polymer solubility appreciably.Osmotic molecular weights obtained with the Alundum thimble instruments and experimental limiting viscosity numbers gave values of 2.69 × 10-4 and 0.622 for K and α respectively in the Flory-Staudinger relation [η] = KMα. These results compare favorably with reported values for polystyrene samples prepared under similar conditions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 9 (1953), S. 25-34 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Fractionation experiments of Emery and Cohen carried out of cellulose nitrates prepared from eucalyptus wood and cotton (in differents stages of depolymerisation) are exactly analysed. It shows, that there are distinct maxima of frequency at intrinsic viscosities 0,48, 0,92 and 1,35 (l/g). Hence can be followed, that there are easy decomposable bounds in the molecule of cellulose at about every 465 ± 30 units of glucose.
    Notes: Eine Genaue Analyse der Fraktionierversuche von Emery und Cohen an Cellulosenitraten aus Eukalyptusholz und Baumwolle (in verschiedenen Abbaustadien) ergibt deutliche Häfigkeitsmaxima bei den Viskositätszahlen 0,48, 0,92 und 1,35 1/g. Hieraus ist zu schließen, daß im Cellulosemolekül rascher spaltbare Bindungen im regelmäßigen Abstand von etwa 465 ± 30 Glukoseeinheiten eingebaut sind.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Light-scattering investigations (angular and wavelength dependence) are made on a series of fractionated polymethacrylates; the diffusion constant, sedimentation constant, and intrinsic viscosity [η] are also determined. Molecular weights and diameters of the random coils are in agreement with these methods. Dependence of the diameters of the random coil dst on molecular weight is somewhat stronger than required by Kuhn's root law (dst∼M0,6). The influence of this finding on Debye's scattering function and on the Kirkwood-Riseman viscosity equation is studied.
    Notes: Sur une serie de palyméthacrylates de méthyl fractionnés des mesures de la diffusion lumineuse (en fonction de I'angle et de la longeur d'onde) on été faites, puis la constante de diffusion, la constante de sédimentation dans I'ultrazentrifugeuse et la viscosité intrinshque [η] ont été déterminés. Les poids moléculaires et les diamètres des chaînes souples sont en concordance d'après ces méthodes. La dépendance des diametres des chaines sonples d,l du poids molkculaire est un peu plus forte que d'aprh la loi de Kuhn (dst ≃ M0.6). L'influence de cette decouverte sur la fonction de la diffusion lumineuse de mihe que sur l'equation de la viscosite de Kirkwood et Riseman est étudiée.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 471-486 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Copolymers of vinylsulfonic acid derivatives with butadiene, isoprene, and styrene have been prepared. The evaluation of butadiene-vinylsulfonic acid ester copolymers indicates that these rubbers have good low-temperature characteristics and that the stress-strain properties of the n-butyl vinylsulfonate copolymer approach those of the standard GR-S rubber; however the oil resistance properties are poor. The stress-strain properties of the butadiene-n-hexyl vinylsulfonate copolymer are inferior to those of the n-butyl analog.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 175-183 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Systems which obey the Flory-Scott equation are discussed, and it is shown that the molecular-weight distribution of increasingly small fractions taken from a polymer solution of the same initial concentration becomes constant. Means of calculating this limiting distribution of an incipient fraction are presented, and it is shown that, in a practical sense, all fractions smaller than the order of one-sixth the polymer present have nearly the same distribution. To obtain sharp fractions it is more efficacious to take a small number of cuts per stage and refractionate a number of times.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 10 (1953), S. 158-171 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The viscosity number of linear high polymers is calculated according to two models of spheres and one model of rod. It shows that a spherical particle model does not correctly account for the frictional behaviour of a coiled thread-like molecule. According to a rodlike model, the length of which corresponds to the greatest elongation of the coil (1,4 hst), the equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm Z}_\eta {\rm = }\Phi _{\rm 1} {\rm + }\Phi _{\rm 2} {\rm }\frac{{{\rm h}_{{\rm st}} ^3 }} {{\rm M}} $\end{document} is derived, in which the constant Φ2 has the universal value of 1,3·1023 and Φ1 depends of the special hydrodynamic situation in the coil. For higher molecular weights, Φ1 becomes an approximately constant fraction of the 2. term. The simplified relation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${\rm Z}_\eta {\rm = }\Phi^\prime{\rm }\frac{{{\rm h}_{{\rm st}} ^3 }} {{\rm M}}$\end{document} with Φ′ = 1,62·1023 now becomes approximately valid.It is possible to calculate the absolute values of Φ2 and Φ1 according to the model. The equations are tested experimentally by determination of hst and M by means of light scattering measurements and M also by ultracentrifugal measurements. Within the accuracy limitations there is a reasonable good agreement between theory and experiment.The diffusion and sedimentation constant can be calculated in agreement with experimental datas assuming the same rod model.
    Notes: Die Viskositätszahl linearer Hochpolymerer wird nach zwei Kugelmodellen und einem Stäbchenmodell berechnet. Es zeigt sich, daß ein kugelsymmetrischer Körper die Reibungsverhältnisse geknäuelter Fadenmoleküle nicht richtig erfassen kann. Auf Grund eines Stäbchenmodells, dessen Länge der größten Ausdehnung des Knäuels (1,4 hst) entspricht, wird die Gleichung. \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm Z}_\eta {\rm = }\Phi _{\rm 1} {\rm + }\Phi _{\rm 2} {\rm }\frac{{{\rm h}_{{\rm st}} ^3 }} {{\rm M}} $\end{document} abgeleitet, in welcher die Konstante Φ2 den universellen Wert 1,3.1023 besitzt, awährend Φ1 von speziellen hydrodynamischen Verhältnissen im Knäuel abhängt. Bei höheren Molekulargewichten ist Φ1 ein annähernd konstanter Bruchteil des 2. Terms, so daß die vereinfachte Gleichung \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${\rm Z}_\eta {\rm = }\Phi^\prime{\rm }\frac{{{\rm h}_{{\rm st}} ^3 }} {{\rm M}}$\end{document} mit Φ′ = 1,62.1023 annähernde Gültigkeit besitzt.Die Absolutwerte von Φe und Φ1 können auf Grund des Modells berechnet werden. Die Gleichungen werden experimentell nachgeprüft, indem hst aus Lichtzerstreuungsmessungen und M aus den gleichen Messungen bzw. mit der Ultrazentrifuge bestimmt werden. Theorie und Experiment stimmen innerhalb der Fehlergrenzen mit recht guter Näherung überein.Die Diffusions- und die Sedimentationskonstante lassen sich auf Grund desselben Stäbchemodells in Übereinstimmung mit den Versuchsdaten berechnen.
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