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  • Chemistry  (171)
  • Aerospace Medicine  (54)
  • 1995-1999  (89)
  • 1955-1959  (88)
  • 1950-1954  (48)
  • 1999  (89)
  • 1955  (88)
  • 1952  (48)
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  • 1995-1999  (89)
  • 1955-1959  (88)
  • 1950-1954  (48)
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  • 1
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    Leukocyte subsets and neutrophil function after short-term spaceflight (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Changes in leukocyte subpopulations and function after spaceflight have been observed but the mechanisms underlying these changes are not well defined. This study investigated the effects of short-term spaceflight (8-15 days) on circulating leukocyte subsets, stress hormones, immunoglobulin levels, and neutrophil function. At landing, a 1.5-fold increase in neutrophils was observed compared with preflight values; lymphocytes were slightly decreased, whereas the results were variable for monocytes. No significant changes were observed in plasma levels of immunoglobulins, cortisol, or adrenocorticotropic hormone. In contrast, urinary epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol were significantly elevated at landing. Band neutrophils were observed in 9 of 16 astronauts. Neutrophil chemotactic assays showed a 10-fold decrease in the optimal dose response after landing. Neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells was increased both before and after spaceflight. At landing, the expression of MAC-1 was significantly decreased while L-selectin was significantly increased. These functional alterations may be of clinical significance on long-duration space missions.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Journal of leukocyte biology (ISSN 0741-5400); Volume 65; 2; 179-86
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Effects of Promethazine on Performance During Simulated Shuttle Landings (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Promethazine (PMZ) is the antimotion sickness drug of choice in the U.S. Space Shuttle program; however, virtually nothing is known about the bioavailability and performance effects of this drug in the microgravity environment. PMZ has detrimental side effects on human performance on Earth that could affect Shuttle operations. In a recent ground-based study we examined: 1) the effects of promethazine (PMZ) on Shuttle landing performance using the portable inflight landing operations trainer (PILOT), and 2) saliva and urine samples to determine the pharmacokinetics of PMZ. The PILOT performance data is presented here.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Proceedings of the First Biennial Space Biomedical Investigators' Workshop; 148-149
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    The Russian-U.S. Experience with Development Joint Medical Support Procedures for Before and After Long-Duration Space Flights (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: As the Russian Space Agency (RSA) and the U.S. National Aviation and Space Administration (NASA) began in the mid 1990s to plan a preliminary cooperative flight program in anticipation of the International Space Station, programmatic and philosophical differences became apparent in the technical and medical approaches of the two agencies. This paper briefly describes some of these differences and the process by which the two sides resolved differences in their approaches to the medical selection and certification of Shuttle-Mir crew members. These negotiations formed the basis for developing policies on other aspects of the medical support function for international missions, including crew training, preflight and postflight data collection, and rehabilitation protocols. The experience gained through this cooperative effort has been invaluable for developing medical care capabilities for the International Space Station.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Thyroid Function Changes Related to Use of Iodinated Water in United States Space Program (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has used iodination as a method of microbial disinfection of potable water systems in United States spacecraft and long-duration habitability modules. A review of the effects on the thyroid following consumption o iodinated water by NASA astronauts was conducted. Pharmacological doses of iodine consumed by astronauts transiently decreased thyroid function, as reflected in serum TSH values. Although the adverse effects of excess iodine consumption in susceptible individuals are well documented, exposure to high doses of iodine during space flight did not result in a statistically significant increase in long-term thyroid disease in the astronaut population.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Radioprotection of Human Cell Nuclear DNA by Polyamines: Radiosensitivity of Chromatin is Influenced by Tightly Bound Spermine (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-16
    Description: The polyamines putrescine (PUT) and spermine (SPM) were examined for their ability to protect human cell Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) against the formation of radiation-induced double-strand breaks (DSBs). As observed previously, under conditions where polyamines were shown to be almost completely absent, association with nuclear matrix protein into a nucleoid, and organization into chromatin structure, protected DNA from induction of DSBs by factors of 4.5 and 95, respectively. At concentrations below 1 mM, PUT or SPM provided equivalent levels of protection to deproteinized nuclear DNA, consistent with their capacity to scavenge radiation-induced radicals. At constant ionic strength, 5 mM SPM protected deproteinized DNA and nucleoid DNA and DNA in nuclear chromatin by factors of 100 and 26, respectively. At 5 mM, SPM provided 15 times greater protection of deproteinized DNA than did PUT. Under physiologically relevant conditions, 5 mM SPM protected DNA in the intact nucleus from the induction of DSBs by a factor of 2 relative to DNA in the absence of SPM. Studies of SPM binding during cellular fractionation revealed that a significant fraction of the cellular SPM is tightly bound in the nucleus but can be removed by extended washing. Thus the association of SPM with nuclear chromatin appears to be a significant contributor to the resistance of the cell's DNA to the induction of DSBs.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Radiation Research (ISSN 0033-7587); 151; 354-362
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Dimeric Tetranuclear Copper(II) Compound Assembled through Pentacoordinating Carbonate Anions (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 505-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Macrocycle ; Pyrazole ; N-Heterocycle ; Carbonate ; Copper ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 22-membered macrocycle, spanning four endocyclic pyrazole groups, viz. 1,4,9,14,17,22,27,28,29,30-decaaza-5,13,18,26-tetramethylpentacyclo[24.2.1.14,7.111,14.117,20]triacontane-5,7(28),11(29),12,18,20(30),24(27),25-octaene (22Pz), rendered the tetranuclear compound [Cu4(22Pz)2(CO3)2(MeOH)2](ClO4)4(MeOH)4. The copper(II) ions are in distorted octahedral N3O3 environments. All four pyrazole groups of each macrocycle participate in the coordination of the copper(II) ions. The cationic part of this compound is in fact a dimer of two macrocyclic ligands, each containing two copper(II) ions bridged by two carbonate ions in the highly unusual pentacoordinating fashion.Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2005/1999/98332_s.pdf or from the author.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Komplexkolorimetrie des Aluminiums (1955)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 67 (1955), S. 178-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19550670605
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Hydrogen in the Reaction of tert-Alkylamines with Nitrosobenzenes - Synthesis and NMR Study of N-(tert-Alkyl)-ortho-nitrosoanilines (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 29-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Nitrosobenzenes ; ortho-Nitrosoanilines ; 2-Nitroso-1,3-phenylenediamines ; Nucleophilic aromatic substitution ; Oxidative nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -The reaction of primary amines bearing tertiary alkyl groups (e.g. R-NH2; R = tBu, 1-adamantyl) with nitrosobenzenes has been found to proceed by oxidative nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen, thereby affording N-(tert-alkyl)-ortho- and -para-nitrosoanilines. The replacement of hydrogen proceeds more rapidly than the replacement of ortho- or para-nitro or -bromo substituents. With p-nitronitrosobenzene, both ortho-hydrogen atoms are substituted to afford N,N′-di(tert-alkyl)-4-nitro-2-nitroso-1,3-phenylenediamines 8a,b. The addition of oxidizing agents (e.g. MnO2) increases the yield of products. 1H-, 13C-, 14N- and 15N-NMR studies have confirmed the structures of the compounds under investigation. In ortho-nitrosoanilines, the rotamer with the nitroso group syn to the amino group is favored.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stoffwechselprodukte von Actinomyceten. 1. Mitteilung. Narbomycin (1955)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 38 (1955), S. 935-942 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aus dem Kulturfiltrat von Streptomyces narbonensis n. sp. wurde ein neues lipophiles kristallines basisches Antibioticum C28H47O7N, das Narbomycin, isoliert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19550380412
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stoffwechselprodukte von Actinomyceten. 3. Mitteilung. Nonactin (1955)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 38 (1955), S. 1445-1448 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aus Kulturfiltrat und Mycel eines Streptomyces viridochromogenes oder Streptomyces olivochromogenes nahestehenden Streptomyceten wurde neben Actidion eine neutrale, farblose, kristalline Verbindung C30H48O9, das Nonactin, isoliert, die chemisch wenig reaktiv ist und gegenüber den untersuchten Mikroorganismen unwirksam oder nur schwach wirksam war.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19550380617
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