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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (4)
  • 1990-1994  (4)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1950-1954
  • 1920-1924
  • 1994  (4)
  • 1974
  • 1950
  • 1
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    Effect of the nigrostriatal dopamine system on acquired neural responses in the striatum of behaving monkeys (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-07-15
    Description: Dysfunction of the nigrostriatal dopamine system results in marked disorders of movement such as occur in Parkinson's disease. Functions of this dopamine-containing projection system were examined in monkeys trained in a classical conditioning task, and the effects of striatal dopamine depletion were tested. Unilateral dopamine loss substantially reduced the acquired sensory responsiveness of striatal neurons monitored electrophysiologically. This effect was ipsilateral and selective, and could be reversed by apomorphine. These results suggest that the primate nigrostriatal system modulates expression of neuronal response plasticity in the striatum during sensorimotor learning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aosaki, T -- Graybiel, A M -- Kimura, M -- R01 NS25529/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jul 15;265(5170):412-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8023166" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/pharmacology ; Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Apomorphine/pharmacology ; *Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; *Conditioning, Classical ; Corpus Striatum/cytology/*physiology ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Haloperidol/pharmacology ; Macaca ; Male ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology ; Substantia Nigra/cytology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    The basal ganglia and adaptive motor control (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-09-23
    Description: The basal ganglia are neural structures within the motor and cognitive control circuits in the mammalian forebrain and are interconnected with the neocortex by multiple loops. Dysfunction in these parallel loops caused by damage to the striatum results in major defects in voluntary movement, exemplified in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. These parallel loops have a distributed modular architecture resembling local expert architectures of computational learning models. During sensorimotor learning, such distributed networks may be coordinated by widely spaced striatal interneurons that acquire response properties on the basis of experienced reward.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Graybiel, A M -- Aosaki, T -- Flaherty, A W -- Kimura, M -- NEI 02866/PHS HHS/ -- NS25529/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Sep 23;265(5180):1826-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8091209" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basal Ganglia/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Corpus Striatum/*physiology ; Dopamine/physiology ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Interneurons/*physiology ; Learning ; Motor Activity/*physiology ; Motor Cortex/*physiology ; Movement Disorders/physiopathology ; Neural Pathways ; *Neuronal Plasticity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Involvement of the IRF-1 transcription factor in antiviral responses to interferons (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-06-24
    Description: The mechanisms underlying interferon (IFN)-induced antiviral states are not well understood. Interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) is an IFN-inducible transcriptional activator, whereas IRF-2 suppresses IRF-1 action. The inhibition of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) replication by IFN-alpha and especially by IFN-gamma was impaired in cells from mice with a null mutation in the IRF-1 gene (IRF-1-/- mice). The IRF-1-/- mice were less resistant than normal mice to EMCV infection, as revealed by accelerated mortality and a larger virus titer in target organs. The absence of IRF-1 did not clearly affect replication of two other types of viruses. Thus, IRF-1 is necessary for the antiviral action of IFNs against some viruses, but IFNs activate multiple activation pathways through diverse target genes to induce the antiviral state.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kimura, T -- Nakayama, K -- Penninger, J -- Kitagawa, M -- Harada, H -- Matsuyama, T -- Tanaka, N -- Kamijo, R -- Vilcek, J -- Mak, T W -- R35CA49731/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jun 24;264(5167):1921-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8009222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cardiovirus Infections/*immunology/microbiology ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Encephalomyocarditis virus/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 ; Interferon-alpha/*pharmacology ; Interferon-gamma/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Mutation ; Phosphoproteins/genetics/*physiology ; Simplexvirus/physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology ; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/physiology ; *Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Requirement for transcription factor IRF-1 in NO synthase induction in macrophages (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-03-18
    Description: Production of nitric oxide (NO) by macrophages is important for the killing of intracellular infectious agents. Interferon (IFN)-gamma and lipopolysaccharide stimulate NO production by transcriptionally up-regulating the inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Macrophages from mice with a targeted disruption of the IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) gene (IRF-1-/- mice) produced little or no NO and synthesized barely detectable iNOS messenger RNA in response to stimulation. Two adjacent IRF-1 response elements were identified in the iNOS promoter. Infection with Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) was more severe in IRF-1-/- mice than in wild-type mice. Thus, IRF-1 is essential for iNOS activation in murine macrophages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kamijo, R -- Harada, H -- Matsuyama, T -- Bosland, M -- Gerecitano, J -- Shapiro, D -- Le, J -- Koh, S I -- Kimura, T -- Green, S J -- A128993/PHS HHS/ -- P30CA13343/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R35CA49731/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Mar 18;263(5153):1612-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7510419" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Enzyme Induction ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 ; Interferons/pharmacology ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Macrophage Activation ; Macrophages, Peritoneal/*enzymology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Phosphoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Tuberculosis/immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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