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  • Articles  (9)
  • Cambridge University Press  (9)
  • American Meteorological Society (AMS)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • PANGAEA
  • 2020-2023
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
  • 1945-1949  (9)
  • 1946  (9)
Collection
  • Articles  (9)
Source
Publisher
Years
  • 2020-2023
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
  • 1945-1949  (9)
Year
Journal
Topic
  • 1
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    Recent developments in the design of field experiments: III. Fractional replication (1946)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1946-07-01
    Description: When a factorial experiment involves many factors each of which is tested at two levels, economy of space and material may be effected by using only a fraction of a complete replicate of all possible combinations of levels of the factors. The consequence is that each main effect and each interaction has one or more aliases, and the experiment cannot distinguish which member of a set of aliases is responsible for an observed difference in yields. For less than five factors, this feature prevents fractional replicate designs from being much use; for five or more factors, the fraction can be so chosen that main effects and two-factor interactions have only higher order interactions as their aliases, and the possibility that these are important may often be ignored. Within the fraction of a replicate chosen for an experiment, confounding of interactions may be introduced in order to reduce the block size.Designs likely to be useful in field experiments are those for six factors in four blocks of eight, for seven factors in eight blocks of eight, and for eight factors in eight blocks of sixteen or in sixteen blocks of eight; in the first of these a two-factor interaction is amongst those confounded, but elsewhere all main effects and two-factor interactions are unconfounded. The method of construction of the blocks, for these designs and those involving more factors, has been described, and an example of the statistical analysis of experimental results (which presents no special difficulties) has been given.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 2
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    Induced bolting and anthesis in sugar beet and the effect of selection of physiological types (1946)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1946-07-01
    Description: 1. The effect of low-temperature and continuous-light treatment of seedlings of certain sugar beet strains in the isolation of distinct physiological types is described. The progenies of individual plants and bulk samples of different anthesis dates show some difference in the proportions of early and late plants, when these progenies are similarly exposed to low temperatures and continuous light in the seedling.2. Different treatments of progenies in relation to light treatment in the seedling stage result in distinct behaviour with regard to anthesis date and the number of plants reaching the stage of anthesis.3. The comparative resistance to bolting from a field sowing of seed obtained from plants which ripened seed after continuous light treatment of the seedlings is noted. This was so in spite of the fact that only 66% of the plants had reached anthesis as a result of the treatment, and the seed was obtained from the most rapidly bolting plants.4. Light and low temperature exposure of seedlings is effective in two different strains for isolating bolting-resistant types as measured directly from the seed of these bolting-resistant plants and selected progenies from these plants. Differences in the field germination and establishment from very early sowings were discernible in the progenies.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 3
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    A comparison of some methods of supplying calcium to intensively kept chicks (1946)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1946-07-01
    Description: 1. An experiment was performed to compare some methods of supplying calcium to intensively kept chickens.2. The calcium content of a mash was adjusted to contain low (0·13%), normal (1·16%) and high (2·14%) amounts, and each of these mashes was fed to groups of chicks having access to: (a) no grit, (b) flint grit alone, (c) limestone grit alone, (d) both flint and limestone grit.3. The addition of flint grit significantly improved the efficiency of food utilization on all diets, whether limestone grit was provided or not.4. On all three mashes the total amount of calcium grit consumed was greater in the presence of flint grit than when it was fed alone.5. As the level of calcium in the diet increased, the amount of limestone grit consumed decreased, whether it was fed alone or in the presence of flint grit.6. The best results, judged on a live-weight basis, were obtained when the normal calcium mash was fed with flint grit alone, followed by the low calcium mash with both flint and limestone grit, followed by the normal calcium mash with no grit.7. On the basis of the efficiency of food utilization, the low calcium diet with flint and limestone grit was best followed by the normal calcium diet with flint grit alone.8. Access to limestone grit reduced the efficiency of food utilization in all but the low calcium diet.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 4
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    Recent developments in the design of field experiments. I. Split-plot confounding (1946)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1946-01-01
    Description: A convenient method of introducing into a field experiment additional factors which can be applied to smaller areas than that of the whole plots is to use split plots: each whole plot is split into sections, and the different combinations of the additional factors are randomized over each set of sub-plots. An extension of this idea is the device of split-plot confounding, by which not all the combinations of the additional factors are used in every whole plot; instead, the possible combinations are subdivided into two or more sets which are then assigned to blocks and whole-plot treatments in a balanced manner, in such a way as to confound certain interactions of the additional factors between whole plots and certain higher order interactions between blocks.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 5
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    Recent Developments in the design of field experiments. II. Unbalanced split-plot confounding (1946)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1946-01-01
    Description: The device of split-plot confounding for introducing additional factors into a field experiment can only give a balanced design when the number of whole plots per block and the number of replications of each whole-plot treatment are multiples of the number of sub-sets into which the combinations of the additional factors are divided. When this condition is not satisfied it may still be possible to arrange that the design shall be partially or nearly balanced in such a way as to be useful in practice and to require a reasonably simple statistical analysis. Nevertheless, the experimenter should always bear in mind the desirability of balance, and should have recourse to unbalanced designs only when the exigencies of space or material, or an unforeseen necessity of introducing extra factors during the course of an experiment, leave him with no alternative. No attempt has been made to give a comprehensive account of designs of this kind, but the numerical analysis of the yields from a typical experiment has been discussed in detail. Though the lack of balance leads to some non-orthogonality of treatment contrasts, the more important comparisons can usually be satisfactorily estimated. The details of this estimation vary from one experiment to another, but the example given should make the principles clear to those who are familiar with the analysis of variance. I am indebted to Dr E. M. Crowther and to the Agricultural Research Council for permission to use the numerical results discussed in this paper
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 6
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    Factors affecting the loss of yield of sugar beet caused by beet yellows virus: I. Rate and date of infection; date of sowing and harvesting (1946)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1946-07-01
    Description: Field experiments were carried out to measure the effect on the yield and composition of sugar beet of infection with beet yellows virus, and to determine how the effect varies with rate and date of infection and with date of sowing and harvesting of the crop.Control measures designed to prevent spread of infection within experimentally infected plots and introduction of infection from sources outside the experiment, were not completely effective. Consequently the numbers of plants which became infected differed from those prescribed by the experimental treatments. The effects of infection were, therefore, estimated by means of regressions on the numbers of plants observed to become infected on successive dates.After correcting the observed yields for accidental infections by means of the regression coefficients, it was found that the effect of infection on the yield of sugar was linearly related to the rate of infection, i.e. the loss of yield of sugar caused by infection was proportional to the percentage of infected plants. There was no compensation for loss in infected plants by increased growth of healthy neighbours.The effect of infection on yield of sugar decreased linearly with later date of infection, falling to values not significantly different from zero at the date of harvest. The loss of yield caused by infection was therefore approximately proportional to the interval of time between the date of infection, as shown by the appearance of symptoms, and the date of harvest.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 7
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    Naval Participation in the Discovery of the North-West Passage (1946)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1946-01-01
    Description: Following directly on the voyages of Captain Cook, who had been killed at Hawaii in 1779, there was a growing interest in the search for a North-West Passage. Although it must have been apparent at an early date that no practicable trade route would be discovered, interest in this geographical feature of the world was not only sustained, but grew right up until the middle of last century. During the Napoleonic Wars, as in the wars of our own times, polar exploration had suffered. With a return to the more humdrum conditions of peace, it was revived with redoubled vigour, reaching a climax in the remarkable series of searched following the disappearance of Her Majesty's Ships Erebus and Terror under Captain Sir John Franklin.
    Print ISSN: 0032-2474
    Electronic ISSN: 1475-3057
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Geography
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 8
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    The Geology of the Foyers “Granite” and the Surrounding Country (1946)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1946-12-01
    Description: The district of Strath Errick and Foyers, with which the investigation recorded here is concerned, occupies about 70 square miles southeast of Loch Ness, in Inverness-shire. The ground rises steeply from the loch to form a bordering ridge, beyond which it slopes more gently to Strath Errick. Further to the south-east, the hills rise to a height of 2,560 ft. in Beinn Bhuraich. The country is chiefly moor and hill grassland, with numerous exposures of rock; fairly extensive areas are under arable cultivation in Strath Errick. The district is drained by the Rivers Fechlin and Farigaig, both of which enter Loch Ness through deep gorges (Text-fig. 3).
    Print ISSN: 0016-7568
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5081
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 9
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    The Concentration of Manganese Ores (1946)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1946-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-7568
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5081
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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