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  • Calcium  (6)
  • Positron annihilation  (4)
  • Springer  (10)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • Wiley
  • 1985-1989
  • 1970-1974  (10)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1935-1939
  • 1974  (9)
  • 1972  (1)
  • 1937
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (10)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • Wiley
Years
  • 1985-1989
  • 1970-1974  (10)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1935-1939
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 303-314 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Diphosphonates ; Calcium ; Mitochondria ; ATPase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of two diphosphonate compounds on calcium handling in rat kidney mitochondria has been studiedin vitro. Initial calcium uptake in the presence of an oxidisable substrate and ATP was not influenced by either diphosphonate tested. The release of accumulated calcium from the mitochondria was, however, delayed by these compounds and the effect was found to be dose dependent. Similarily, a second uptake of calcium, induced by re-addition of ATP following preliminary release, was also modified by diphosphonates, the mitochondrial suspensions incubated with diphosphonates accumulating more calcium than control suspensions. The effect of these compounds could not be detected on three mitochondrial ATPase systems. The results have been discussed in relation to knownin vivo effects of diphosphonates.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 9 (1972), S. 95-108 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Amorphous ; Calcium ; Phosphate ; Electron ; Microscopy ; Damage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cinq précipités non-cristallins de phosphate de calcium, préparés à partir de solutions qui varient en pH, degré de saturation et contenu en carbonate, sont examinés par des méthodes physico-chimiques et morphologiques. Des mesures de diffractions électronique et en rayons X et de spectrophotométrie infra-rouge confirment la nature amorphe de chaque précipité. Le microscope électronique par transmission et par balayage démontre que les particules élémentaires des 5 produits synthétiques sont de forme sphérique, quelque soit la méthode de préparation. Quatre des précipités contiennent de petites sphères de taille identique (200 à 1200 Å de diamètre), alors que le dernier précipité, riche en carbonate, contient des particules plus grandes (700 à 2000 Å de diamètre). Ces sphères sont de densité électronique uniforme lorsqu'une intensité de courant, la moins élevée, est utilisée. Un faisceau d'électrons, d'intensité plus élevée, permet de mettre en évidence de nombreux centres, transparents aux électrons, dans chaque particule. In chauffage sous vide à 600° ne modifie pas la nature amorphe des précipités ou la morphologie et la taille des particules élémentaires, bien que la presque totalité de l'eau, contenu dans ces précipités, soit éliminée. L'échauffement ne provoque pas la formation de centres transparents aux électrons. Au contraire, les sphères deviennent résistantes à des dommages, causés par le faisceau. Il semble que le faisceau d'électrons agit sur les atomes d'oxygène et d'hydrogène de la phase aqueuse du phosphate de calcium amorphe et que cette réaction initiale est suivie par le déplacement et/ou la perte d'autres atomes.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Fünf nicht-kristalline Calciumphosphat-Niederschläge, welche aus Lösungen mit variierendem pH, Übersättigungsgrad und Karbonatgehalt gewonnen wurden, wurden mit physikochemischen und morphologischen Methoden untersucht. Röntgendiffraktion, Infrarot-Spektrophotometrie und Elektronendiffraktionsmessungen bestätigten die amorphe Natur jedes Niederschlages. Sowohl Durchstrahlungs-, als auch Raster-Elektronenmikroskopie zeigten, daß die nativen Elementarpartikel aller 5 synthetischen Produkte von kugeliger Form und unabhängig von den angewandten Präparativ-Techniken waren. Vier der Niederschläge enthielten Kügelchen von der gleichen Größe (200–1200 Å Durchmesser), während jener mit relativ hohem Karbonatgehalt viel größere Partikel aufwies (700–2000 Å Durchmesser). Die Kügelchen waren für den Elektronenstrahl von einheitlicher Dichte, wenn mit der Stromdichte bei niedrigster brauchbarer Stufe betrachtet. Wurden die Proben stärkeren Elektronenströmen ausgesetzt, so entwickelten sich sogleich in jedem Teilchen zahlreiche elektronendurchlässige Zentren. Erhitzen in Vakuum bis zu Temperaturen von 600° veränderte weder die amorphe Beschaffenheit der Niederschläge noch die Morphologie und Größe ihrer elementaren Partikel, obwohl beinahe alles Wasser, welches in den ursprünglich vorliegenden Proben enthalten war, durch dieses Vorgehen entfernt wurde. Die Hitzebehandlung verursachte keine Bildung von elektronendurchlässigen Zentren sondern machte die Kügelchen im Gegenteil in zunehmendem Maße widerstandsfähig gegenüber Strahlenschädigungen. Diese Befunde lassen vermuten, daß sich die ausgestrahlten Elektronen und die Sauerstoff- oder Wasserstoffatome der wäßrigen Komponente des amorphen Calciumphosphates gegenseitig beeinflussen und daß diese anfängliche Reaktion von einer Verdrängung und/oder einem Verlust anderer Atome gefolgt wird.
    Notes: Abstract Five non-crystalline calcium phosphate precipitates prepared from solutions varying in pH, degree of supersaturation and carbonate content were examined by physicochemical and morphological methods. X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrophotometry and electron diffraction measurements confirmed the amorphous nature of each precipitate. Both transmission and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the native elemental particles of all 5 synthetic products were spherical in shape and independent of the preparative procedures employed. Four of the precipitates contained spherules of similar sizes (200–1200 Å in diameter) while the one relatively rich in carbonate exhibited much larger particles (700–2000 Å in diameter). The spherules were uniformly dense to the electron beam when viewed with the current density at its lowest useful level. Exposure to higher electron currents immediately resulted in the development of numerous electron-lucent centers in each particle. Heating in vacuum to temperatures up to 600° did not change the amorphous nature of the precipitates or the morphology and size of their elemental particles even though almost all of the water contained in the original precipitates was removed by this process. Heat treatment did not induce formation of electron-lucent centers. On the contrary it, made the spherules increasingly resistant to beam damage. These findings suggest that the beam electrons interact with the oxygen or hydrogen atoms of the aqueous constituent of the amorphous calcium phosphate and that this initial reaction is followed by displacement and/or loss of other atoms.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 317-325 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcification ; Neutral sites ; Elastin ; Calcium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des études précédentes suggèrent la présence de groupements carboxyles, sulfhydriles et aminés dans les sites de liaison en calcium de l'élastine. La possibilité de l'existence de sites neutres de liaison en calcium au niveau de l'élastine a été étudiée dans ce travail. Une augmentation de la fixation du calcium au niveau de l'élastine est observée après des modifications de dissolution qui ont aussi provoqué des modifications de structure de la protéine. Dans des mélanges méthanol-H2O, les liaisons du calcium semblent indépendantes du pH et de la force ionique. Sur dix ions testés (Ca2+, CO2+, Na2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cr3+, Pb+2, K+, Rb+ et Mg2+) seule la liaison du calcium est nettement augmentée, lorsque le méthanol est ajouté. Il semble que les sites neutres sont importants pour les divers rapports entre calcium et élastine et servent, peut-être, comme centres de nucléation au cours de la calcification de la protéine.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Vorgängige Studien haben die Bedeutung der Carboxyl-, Sulfhydryl- und Aminogruppen als Stellen der Calciumbindung im Elastin gezeigt. Die vorliegende Arbeit hatte zum Ziel, die Rolle der neutralen Koordinationsstellen im Elastin als mögliche Calcium-Bindungsseite abzuklären. Die Calciumbindindung an das Elastin wurde durch solche Lösungsmittelveränderungen erhöht, die auch gleichartige Verschiebungen im Proteinmolekül bewirkten. In Methanol-Wasser-Mischungen schien die Calciumbindung nicht von Veränderungen des pH oder der Ionenstärke abhängig zu sein. Von 10 Ionen, bei welchen die Bindung überprüft wurde, war einzig diejenige des Calciums signifikant erhöht, wenn Methanol zugesetzt wurde. Es wird vorgeschlagen, daß die neutralen Stellen für die verschiedenen Vorgänge, bei welchen Calcium und Elastin beteiligt sind, eine wichtige Rolle spielen und vielleicht für die Verkalkung der Proteine als Nukleationszentren in Frage kommen.
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies have implicated carboxyl groups, sulphhydryl groups and amino groups as the sites for calcium binding in elastin. In this study, the concept was investigated that neutral co-ordinating sites in elastin may also provide calcium binding sites. Calcium binding to elastin was increased upon solvent changes which also effected conformational changes in the protein. In methanol-H2O mixtures calcium binding appeared to be independent of changes in pH and ionic strength. Of ten ions tested (Ca2+, Co2+, Na+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cr3+, Pb+2, K+, Rb+, and Mg2+), only calcium binding was significantly increased when methanol was added. It is proposed that neutral sites are important to the various relationships involving calcium and elastin and perhaps serve as nucleation centers in the calcification of the protein.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 89-92 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Age ; Bone culture ; Calcium ; Phosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Calvaria taken from mice aged 0, 1, 3 and 5 days were cultured for 48 h, in control medium (no added hormone), or in the presence of PTH (0.5 U/ml) or CT (50 mCl/ml). In the control group, there was a shift from net uptake of Ca and P (0- and 1-day bones) to net release (5-day bones). CT-treated bones of all ages took up Ca from the culture medium, but the percentage uptake declined with increasing age. Bones exposed to PTH released Ca and P to the culture medium, regardless of age. The changes with increasing age may be related to an increase in mineralization and other aspects of maturation in these bones.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 5 (1974), S. 53-56 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: Positron annihilation ; Aliphatic hydrocarbons ; Phase transitions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The positron lifetimes and relative intensities were measured in highly purified liquid and solid hydrocarbons. It was found that most of the lifetime parameters changed at the melting point of the samples and their values were lower in the solid than in the liquid phase. A study of hexane isomers was also performed.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: Positron annihilation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Angular correlations of the annihilation photons, Compton scattered by plastic scintillators and detected by means of NaI (T1) crystals, have been measured in order to test the possibility of deviations of the experimental results from the predictions of the quantum theory. In fact, Jauch and Bohm, starting with different motivations, both arrive at the possibility of a lower correlation ratio between the two orthogonal polarization states of the two photons than predicted by quantum theory. This in turn should give a lower azimuthal anisotropy in the angular correlations. Our experimental results compared with the theoretical predictions, after correction for finite geometry by means of a Montecarlo method, do not confirm quantum theory and exclude the hypotheses of Jauch and of Bohm. We are continuing the experiment in order to test wether the breakdown in the polarization correlation depends on the distance (spatial and/or temporal) between the two correlated scattering events, as suggested by Jauch.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 4 (1974), S. 249-256 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: Momentum distribution ; Benzene ; Compton scattering ; Positron annihilation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Probabilities in momentum space for the benzene molecule are calculated for two cases: An ordinary benzene molecule, and benzene with a bound positron which is coalesced with one of the electrons. The former probability is related to the Compton scattering profile; the latter, to angular correlation measurements made in positron annihilation experiments. In this work we make two comparisons on the basis of quantum mechanical calculations; a) between Compton scattering and positron annihilation results, and b) among the several possible positron annihilation results associated with different symmetries for the positronic molecular orbital (PMO). The Compton scattering results are found to be similar to the positron annihilation results for the more symmetrical PMOs; and all these are quite different from the positron annihilation results for the less symmetrical PMOs. A suggestion for a crucial experiment is made.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 5 (1974), S. 177-178 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: Positron annihilation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have tested the trapping model by comparing the temperature dependence of the peak and the tail of the angular correlation curve from single crystal aluminum. The integral over the tail decreased as the integral over the peak increased with temperature, in such a way that the same vacancy formation energy could be deduced from both integrals.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: EDTA ; Bone resorption ; Parathyroid hormone ; Calcium ; Hydroxyproline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) were studied in rats. Intravenous infusion of 4.84 mM Na2EDTA increased the urinary excretion of calcium six-fold, phosphorus three-fold and hydroxyproline 55% in 158 g thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTXed) rats. Calcitonin (25 MRC mU/rat/h) abolished the sodium EDTA-induced increase in hydroxyproline excretion, presumptive evidence that sodium EDTA was acting on bone. To determine whether the changes induced by sodium EDTA are due to lowering of plasma calcium, rats were infused with 4.84 mM ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)tetraacetic acid (EGTA), a more specific calcium chelator. EGTA increased the urinary excretion of calcium and phosphorus (P〈0.001) but not hydroxyproline in thyroparathyroidectomized rats. Furthermore, when TPTXed rats were infused with calcium EDTA (4.84 mM Ca2EDTA) in order that ionic calcium concentration would not be altered, hydroxyproline excretion was again markedly increased but phosphorus excretion was decreased by 26%. Since the displacement of the sodium ions in Na2EDTA by calciumin vivo is instantaneous, and since calcium EDTA itself induces collagenolysis, the increase in urinary hydroxyproline excretion due to sodium EDTA cannot be attributed solely to lowering of plasma calcium. From these data two conclusions are drawn. First, sodium EDTA enhances bone breakdown independently of its effect on parathyroid hormone secretion. Second, since bone plays a major role in the maintenance of plasma calcium, interpretation of results should be made with caution in those investigations in which EDTA is used to study calcium homeostasis.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 85-92 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcitonin ; Calcium ; Uptake ; bone culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of calcitonin (CT) on calcium metabolism by bone was investigated in a stationary organ culture system, using half-calvaria from 5-day-old mice. CT induced the uptake of calcium by bones from the culture medium. This uptake was not accompanied by phosphate, so that the final Ca:P ratio of CT-treated bones (1.80±0.06) was significantly (p〈0.02) higher than the initial values before culture (1.59±0.03). The calcium uptake reached a plateau after approximately 48 hours of culture, and was reversed by PTH within 48 hours. Calcium uptake rppears to be an active effect of CT, and cannot be explained fully by an inhibition of bone aesorption, stimulation of new bone formation, or maturation of the mineral phase.
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