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  • Chemical Engineering  (59)
  • Organic Chemistry  (52)
  • 1980-1984  (103)
  • 1935-1939  (8)
  • 1981  (103)
  • 1939  (6)
  • 1936  (2)
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  • 1980-1984  (103)
  • 1935-1939  (8)
Year
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design and experimental evaluation of controllers for process undisturbability (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 131-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Selected state and/or output variables can be made undisturbable, i.e., invariant, to arbitrary, unmeasured changes in specific input variables by properly designed feedback and feedforward controllers. Simulation and experimental applications to a computer-controlled, pilot plant evaporator gave results superior to conventional controllers.Necessary and sufficient conditions for undisturbability are expressed in terms of the structure of the coefficient matrices of the state space model and equivalently of the corresponding eigenvector matrix. The design procedure normally includes arbitrary specification of all closed-loop eigenvalues and up to r elements of each eigenvector, where r is the number of control (manipulated) variables.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270119
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of pore structure on fluid-solid reactions: Application to the SO2-lime reaction (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 226-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of varying pore structures on the kinetics of fluid-solid reactions is investigated through the random pore model developed in prior papers (Bhatia and Perlmutter, 1980, 1981). By considering several idealized pore-size distributions it is shown that a solid having a uniform pore size is intrinsically less reactive than one possessing a pore-size distribution. For solids with bimodal pore size distributions optimal structures are shown to exist for which the reactivity is a maximum.Numerical solutions were obtained to the model equations for various values of the parameters characterizing the pore structure, the diffusion, and the chemical kinetics. The results show that the conversion-time behavior and the expected ultimate conversion can be very sensitive to variations in surface area and porosity for reactions accompanied by an increase in volume of the solid phase.These findings are in agreement with experimental literature on the SO2-lime reaction (Ulerich et al., 1978; Borgwardt and Harvey, 1972; Potter, 1969; Falkenberry and Slack, 1968) and the model is shown to fit the data of Borgwardt (1970), and of Hartman and Coughlin (1974, 1976). It is seen that this reaction is diffusion controlled under the conditions of Hartman and Coughlin, in consonance with their own finding using the grain model, and a prior Pigford and Sliger (1973) interpretation. The temperature behavior of the diffusion coefficient in the product layer suggests the participation of an activated process, possibly a solid state diffusion step.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270209
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of residual stress and orientation on the fatigue of injection molded polysulfone (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 1173-1180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The tensile fatigue behavior of unnotched injection molded polysulfone specimens has been investigated. The effects of orientation and residual stress were studied by comparing asmolded specimens with annealed or annealed and quenched specimens with a known residual stress pattern. The treatments are shown to have differing effects at high stresses, where failure is by shear yielding and necking, and at intermediate stresses, where failure is by fatigue crack propagation. The geometries of fatigue cracks are described for each case. An attempt is made to separate the effects of crack and craze initiation from crack propagation, and cyclic loading from cumulative time under load.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760211711
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermoplastic interpenetrating polymer networks of a triblock copolymer elastomer and an lonomeric plastic. II. Mechanical behavior (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermoplastic interpenetrating polymer networks, IPN's, are defined as combinations of two physically crosslinked polymers. A styrene-b-ethylene-co-butylene-b-styrene (SEBS) triblock elastomer was combined with an ionomer prepared from a random copolymer of styrene, methacrylic acid, and isoprene (90/10/1 by volume), and subsequently neutralized. Two subclasses of the thermoplastic IPN's were identified. A sequential polymerization method yielded the chemically blended thermoplastic IPN's (CBT IPN's). Melt blending of the separately synthesized polymers produced the mechanically blended thermoplastic IPN's (MBT IPN's). Stress-strain and Rheovibron characterization revealed that the CBT IPN's exhibited greater tensile strength and higher elongation at break, but lower moduli than the MBT IPN materials of the same overall composition. Analysis of moduli data with the theories of Takayanagi, Davies, Budiansky, and Kerner disclosed more equal dual phase continuity for the MBT IPN's than the CBT IPN's at each composition. The low modulus of the more rubbery CBT IPN compositions was attributed to a decrease in the effective chain end-to-end distance between crosslinks in the elastomeric (EB) center block, brought about by the synthetic method.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760210107
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The melting behavior of a low density polyethylene powder in a screw extruder (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 86-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An experimental investigation into the performance in general and the melting behavior in particular of a single screw extruder running with a low density polyethylene power has been carried out and the results compared with those for a granular feedstock of low density polyethylene having similar melt properties. It was found that the tendency was for the output rate, pressure generated and specific power consumption to be lower for the powders, and that the removal of barrel heating near the feed hopper increased these parameters. Two melting mechanisms were observed in powder extrusion; one being the classic “Maddock” type, and the other such that the solid bed and melt pool were in reversed positions relative to the Maddock case. There was a trend for this latter mechanism to operate with low screw speeds, shallow channels and full heating. Melt initiation occurred nearer the feed end and melting was completed much more quickly with powders. An explanation of the mechanisms is proposed which is based on the observation of early melt initiation, and the industrial practices of feed zone cooling and increasing feed pressure generation to improve the performance of extruders running with powders are seen to be consistent with this proposition.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760210206
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue of glass and carbon fiber reinforced engineering thermoplasticsPresented at 35th Annual Conf., SPI Reinforced Plastics/Composites Institute, New Orleans (February, 1980). (1981)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 2 (1981), S. 137-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Cyclic tension fatigue S-N curves are given for injection moleded Nylon 6/6, polycarbonate, polysulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, and poly(amide-imide) matrices with glass and carbon fibers as well as for unreinforced material. The S-N curves for most composites appear linear, with no evidence of a fatigue limit up to 106 cycles. Some nonlinearity is evident with the Nylon 6/6 composities, and these appear to fail at a cumulative strain similar to the ultimate static strain. The remainder of the composites appear to fail by a crack propagation mechanism. The glass reinforced materials all degrade at a similar rate in fatigue, while the carbon reinforced materials with brittle matrices degrade more slowly than do those with ductile matrices. The latter effect may be due to greater integrity of the cracked regions for brittle matrix systems.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750020311
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of Reactive Intermediates for Natural Cyclopentane Derivatives from (-)-Quinic Acid: Preparation of 11α-hydroxy-13-oxaprostanoic acidDedicated to the memory of Prof. Frantisek Sorm (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 64 (1981), S. 1140-1144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We describe a flexible, stereocontrolled synthesis of enantiomerically pure substituted cyclopentenes and cyclopentanes - including 11α-hydroxy-13-oxaprostanoic acid 20 - (-)-quinic acid via an acyclic precursor 6 by an intramolecular aldolisation-dehydration reaction.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19810640419
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tetrameric Cubic Structures of Two Solvated Lithium Enolates (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 64 (1981), S. 2617-2621 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structures of the crystalline lithium enolates derived from 3, 3-dimethyl-2-butanone and from cyclopentanone have been determined by X-ray analysis. Both structures are tetrameric aggregates based on a Li4O4-cube, each Li+-ion being additionally bonded to the O-atom of a tetrahydrofuran solvent molecule.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19810640819
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanistic Implications of the Tetrameric Cubic Structure of Lithium Enolates (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 64 (1981), S. 2622-2626 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The tetrameric cubic structure established for lithium enolates in the solid state is used as a model to discuss several facets of enolate chemistry: solubility, effects of cosolvents, addition to aldehyde and acid chloride, influence of mixed aggregates on diastereo- and enantioselectivities.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19810640820
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alkyl-, Aryl-, Vinyl-, and Heterosubstituted Organozirconium Compounds. -Selective nucleophiles of low basicity. Preliminary communication (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 64 (1981), S. 1552-1557 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Solutions of the title compounds are accessible from organolithium reagents and trialkoxyzirconium chloride (equation 2). In contrast to their titanium analogues, vinylzirconium reagents are stable enough to be employed. Generally, organozirconium reagents are highly selective aldehyde and ketone carbonylophiles of exceedingly low basicity (Tables 1, 2, 3 and typical procedure).
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19810640532
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