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  • GEOPHYSICS  (262)
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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: A ground based search for the 856.50137/cm R(9.5) and for the 859.76765 R(12.5) transitions of stratospheric (Cl-35)O was made in the solar absorption mode using an infrared heterodyne spectrometer. Lines due to stratospheric HNO3 and tropospheric OCS were detected, at about 0.3% absorption levels. The expected lines of ClO in this same region were not detected, even though the optical depth of the ClO lines should be on the order of 0.2% using currently accepted ClO abundances. These infrared measurements suggest that stratospheric ClO is at least a factor of 7 less abundant than is indicated by indirect in situ fluorescence measurements, and the upper limit of 2.4x10 to the 13th power molecules/sq cm to the integrated column density of ClO is a factor of over 4 less than is indicted by microwave measurements. Results imply that the release of fluorocarbon precursors of ClO may be significantly less important for the destruction of stratospheric ozone than was previously thought.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA-TM-83939 , NAS 1.15:83939
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: A computer automated data acquisition system for atmospheric emittance, and global solar, downwelled diffuse solar, and direct solar irradiances is discussed. Hourly-integrated global solar and atmospheric emitted radiances were measured continuously from February 1981 and hourly-integrated diffuse solar and direct solar irradiances were measured continuously from October 1981. One-minute integrated data are available for each of these components from February 1982. The results of the correlation of global insolation with fractional cloud cover for the first year's data set. A February data set, composed of one-minute integrated global insolation and direct solar irradiance, cloud cover fractions, meteorological data from nearby weather stations, and GOES East satellite radiometric data, was collected to test the theoretical model of satellite radiometric data correlation and develop the cloud dependence for the local measurement site.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA-CR-169272 , NAS 1.26:169272
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Contours and gridded values are given for seven years of monthly mean total ozone data derived from observations with the Backscattered Ultraviolet instrument on Nimbus-4 for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The instrument, algorithm, uncertainties in derived ozone and systematic changes in the bias with respect to the international groundbased ozone network of Dobson instruments, are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA-RP-1098 , NAS 1.61:1098 , REPT-82F0128-VOL-1
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: The structure of the flank low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL) is examined through differential energy spectra and particle angular anisotropies for traversals of the dawn flank (December 19, 1977) and dusk flank (July 7, 1978) during periods of predominantly northward magnetosheath field orientation. Spectra are presented that were obtained from combined ISEE 1 low-energy-proton and electron-differential-energy-analyzer and medium-energy-particle-instrument data extending over the 200-eV/q to 2-MeV energy range for the plasma sheet, stagnation region, outer LLBL, and magnetosheath regions. The stagnation region and the outer LLBL are each a mixture of plasma-sheet and magnetosheath populations, but the stagnation region contains a relatively higher fraction of plasma sheet particles, consistent with its placement earthward of the outer LLBL. Evidence for energization of thermal electrons appears during the dusk flank crossing. Bidirectional field-aligned ion distributions are observed with typically 5-to-1 enhancement of the flux along the magnetic field during certain portions of the dusk flank crossing.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 96; 21
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: The CDAW-9 Event C focused upon the early part of 3 May 1986 when a large substorm onset occurred at 0111 UT. By modifying the Tsyganenko 1989 magnetic field model, a model is constructed in which the near-earth current systems are enhanced with time to describe the observed development of the tail magnetic field during the growth phase. The cross-tail current intensity and the thickness of the current sheet are determined by comparison with three spacecraft in the near-earth tail. The location of the auroral bulge as recorded by the Viking imager is mapped to the equatorial current sheet. The degree of chaotization of the thermal electrons is estimated, and the consequences to the tail stability towards on tearing are discussed. It is concluded that the mapping of the brightening region in the auroral oval corresponds to the regions in the tail where the current sheet may be unstable towards ion tearing.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 18; 1963-196
    Format: text
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: This paper presents, for the first time, simultaneous measurements of trapped relativistic electron enhancements at synchronous altitude and precipitating electrons in the bounce loss cone at low altitudes. The measurements show that the daily variations in the precipitation flux for L greater than 5 correlated well with the daily variations in the total flux at high altitude, both with respect to sudden enhancements as well as flux depletions. The daily averaged precipitating flux (E greater than 1 MeV) at L = 6.1 to 7.1 was about 0.3 percent of the daily averaged directional flux (E not less than 1.5 MeV) observed at synchronous altitude, whereas within narrow spikes the precipitating directional fluxes were often within a factor of 10 of the daily averaged trapped fluxes. Strong depletions in the synchronous altitude not less than 1.5 MeV electron intensities are shown to be associated with low-altitude measurements of the equatorward movement of precipitating spikes to lower L shells.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 18; 397-400
    Format: text
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: The boundary between open and closed field lines is investigated in the empirical Tsyganenko (1987) magnetic field model. All field lines extending to distances beyond -70 R(E), the tailward velocity limit of the Tsyganenko model are defined as open, while all other field lines, which cross the equatorial plane earthward of -70 R(E) and are connected with the earth at both ends, are assumed closed. It is found that this boundary at the surface of the earth, identified as the polar cap boundary, can exhibit the arrowhead shape, pointed toward the sun, which is found in horse collar auroras. For increasing activity levels, the polar cap increases in area and becomes rounder, so that the arrowhead shape is less pronounced. The presence of a net B(y) component can also lead to considerable rounding of the open flux region. The arrowhead shape is found to be closely associated with the increase of B(z) from the midnight region to the flanks of the tail, consistent with a similar increase of the plasma sheet thickness.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 96; 3811-381
    Format: text
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  • 8
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: By combining ground-based and satellite-based measurements of ionospheric electric fields, conductivities and magnetic perturbations, it was possible to examine the characteristics of instantaneous, ionospheric convection patterns associated with changing directions of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). In response to a rapid southward-to-northward turning of the IMF on July 23, 1983, the ionospheric convection reconfigured over a period of 40 minutes. The configuration changed from a conventional two-cell pattern to a contracted four-cell pattern, with reversed convection cells in the high-latitude dayside, associated with a strong potential drop of about 75 kV. Later, in response to a gradual rotation of the IMF from the +Z through the -Y toward the -Z direction, the nightside cells disappeared and the dawn cell in the reversed pair wrapped around and displaced the dusk cell until a conventional two-cell pattern was reestablished, largely in accord with the qualitative model of Crooker (1988). The results suggest that multiple cells can arise as a result of strong southward to northward transitions in the IMF. They appear to persist for sometime thereafter.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 18; 721-724
    Format: text
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: The present study compares the diurnal variation of NO2 measured near 30 km by the BLISS in situ laser spectrometer with calculations from a photochemical model that includes a detailed description of multiple scattering. Even better agreement is found between the data and the model, both at sunset and during the day. The conclusions of an earlier study that the high-resolution in situ measurements of NO2 facilitated validation of the understanding of the diurnal chemistry of NO2 are confirmed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 18; 2261-226
    Format: text
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: Results are presented of solar irradiance measurements in the spectral range 160-400 nm at approximately 0.15-0.20-nm intervals and at 1-nm resolution performed continually since November 1978. Solar irradiance data from the Nimbus-7 SBUV satellite instrument, the SBUV/2 instruments on the NOAA-9 and NOAA-11 satellites, and the October 1989 flight of the Shuttle SBUV instrument are presented and compared. Uncertainties in the instruments' absolute and long-term radiometric calibrations, which vary among the four instruments, are discussed. Comparisons of the initial solar spectra from the four instruments show agreement to within approximately 10 percent, with spectral biases on the order of +/-4 percent. Irradiances measured by the two NOAA instruments and SSBUV agree to within about 5 percent overall from 270 to 360 nm, with spectral biases on the order of about +/-2 percent. The Nimbus-7 SBUV irradiances are an additional 5-10 percent lower in this region than those measured by the other three instruments.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics (ISSN 0021-9169); 53; 993-997
    Format: text
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