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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (409)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (127)
  • Animals  (119)
  • Molecular Sequence Data  (93)
  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (88)
  • ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION  (47)
  • Mathematics and Statistics
  • 1990-1994  (846)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1915-1919  (1)
  • 1994  (846)
  • 1916  (1)
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  • 1990-1994  (846)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1915-1919  (1)
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 1994-05-20
    Description: Sib-pair analysis of 170 individuals from 11 Amish families revealed evidence for linkage of five markers in chromosome 5q31.1 with a gene controlling total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentration. No linkage was found between these markers and specific IgE antibody concentrations. Analysis of total IgE within a subset of 128 IgE antibody-negative sib pairs confirmed evidence for linkage to 5q31.1, especially to the interleukin-4 gene (IL4). A combination of segregation and maximum likelihood analyses provided further evidence for this linkage. These analyses suggest that IL4 or a nearby gene in 5q31.1 regulates IgE production in a nonantigen-specific (noncognate) fashion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marsh, D G -- Neely, J D -- Breazeale, D R -- Ghosh, B -- Freidhoff, L R -- Ehrlich-Kautzky, E -- Schou, C -- Krishnaswamy, G -- Beaty, T H -- 1 P41 RR03655/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- AI20059/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 May 20;264(5162):1152-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8178175" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Allergens/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5 ; Female ; Genes, MHC Class II ; *Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate/genetics ; Immunoglobulin E/*blood ; Interleukin-4/*genetics ; Likelihood Functions ; Lod Score ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 1994-06-24
    Description: Fossils and artifacts recovered from the middle Awash Valley of Ethiopia's Afar depression sample the Middle Pleistocene transition from Homo erectus to Homo sapiens. Ar/Ar ages, biostratigraphy, and tephrachronology from this area indicate that the Pleistocene Bodo hominid cranium and newer specimens are approximately 0.6 million years old. Only Oldowan chopper and flake assemblages are present in the lower stratigraphic units, but Acheulean bifacial artifacts are consistently prevalent and widespread in directly overlying deposits. This technological transition is related to a shift in sedimentary regime, supporting the hypothesis that Middle Pleistocene Oldowan assemblages represent a behavioral facies of the Acheulean industrial complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clark, J D -- de Heinzelin, J -- Schick, K D -- Hart, W K -- White, T D -- WoldeGabriel, G -- Walter, R C -- Suwa, G -- Asfaw, B -- Vrba, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jun 24;264(5167):1907-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8009220" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ethiopia ; *Fossils ; Geology/history ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Skull/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: An international comparison of Dobson ozone spectrophotometers, organized and partially funded by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), was held at the Lichtklimatisches Observatorium (LKO) in Arosa, Switzerland, July-August 1990. Countries participating with a total of 18 Dobson instruments were Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the United Soviet Socialist Republics. The reference standard instrument for the comparison was U.S.A. Secondary Standard Dobson Spectrophotometer 65 maintained by the NOAA Climate and Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado. The mean difference in ozone obtained with the Dobson instruments relative to Dobson instrument 65, calculated from ADDSGQP observations in the air mass range 1.15-3.2, was minus 1.0 plus or minus 1.2 (1 sigma) percent. The WMO Standard Brewer Spectrometer 39 also participated. In the mean, the Brewer instrument measured 0.6 plus or minus 0.2 (1 sigma) percent more ozone than did Dobson instrument 65. Results are presented, also, of ozone vertical profile measurements made with the Dobson instruments, two Brewer spectrometers, a LIDAR, a balloon ozonesonde flown from Hohenpeissenberg, Germany, and balloon ozonesondes flown from Payerne, Switzerland.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center, Ozone in the Troposphere and Stratosphere, Part 1; p 266-270
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Ozone trends for 1979-1991, determined from Dobson spectrophotometer observations made at eight stations in the United States, are augmented with trend data from four foreign cooperative stations operated by NOAA/CMDL. Results are based on provisional data archived routinely throughout the years at the World Ozone Data Center in Toronto, Canada, with calibration corrections applied to some of the data. Trends through 1990 exhibit values of minus 0.3 percent to minus 0.5 percent yr(exp -1) at mid-to-high latitudes in the northern hemisphere. With the addition of 1991 data, however, the trends become less negative, indicating that ozone increased in many parts of the world during 1991. Stations located within the plus or minus 20 deg N-S latitude band exhibit no ozone trends. Early 1992 data show decreased ozone values at some of the stations. At South Pole, Antarctica, October ozone values have remained low during the past 3 years.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center, Ozone in the Troposphere and Stratosphere, Part 1; p 195-198
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 221 (1994), S. 187-205 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Polyether auf Triazinbasis können mittels phasentransferkatalysierter Polykondensation bei Raumtemperatur und Reaktionszeiten von 1 bis 3 h hergestellt werden. Von mehr als 20 Polyethern wurden Löslichkeiten, Glasübergangstemperaturen, thermogravimetrische Daten, Reißdehnungen, Reißfestigkeiten, Elastizitätsmoduli und Schlagzähigkeiten bestimmt. Von den Polymeren aus 2,4-Dichlor-6-diethylamino-s-triazin und Bisphenol A wurde zusätzlich der Kristallisationsgrad mittels Röntgenweitwinkelstreuung ermittelt. Das Inkrement des 1,3,5-Triazintriylrings wurde bestimmt, so daß die Glastemperaturen einiger Polyether nach van Krevelen berechnet werden konnten.
    Notes: Triazine-based polyethers can be synthesized by phase transfer catalysed interfacial polycondensation at room temperature and reaction times of about 1 to 3 h. In this way, more than 20 polyethers were synthesized and solubilities, glass transition temperatures, thermogravimetric data, elongations at break, tensil strengths, elasticity moduli and impact strengths were determined. In addition, the degree of crystallinity was investigated for the polymer obtained from of 2,4-dichloro-6-diethylamino-s-triazine and bisphenol A by wide angle X-ray diffraction. The increment of the 1,3,5-triazinetriyl ring was determined, which made it possible to calculate the glass transition temperatures of some polyethers according to van Krevelen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 1201-1212 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: acrylamide ; complex ; metal nitrates ; polymerization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of the thermally initiated frontal polymerization of acrylamide complexes of transition metal nitrates such as those of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) was disclosed. The rate of the polymerization front propagation was found to be 2-9 × 10-2cm/c, depending appreciably on sample diameter and density, as well as the presence of radical inhibitor additives. The rate was found to decrease in the series: Co(II) 〉 Ni(II) 〉 Mn(II) 〉 Zn(II). Polymerization was shown to occur directly in the melting region of a complex at 80-100°C to give three-dimensional polymers. A mechanism of the polymerization being initiated with the products of the partial nitrate group decomposition was proposed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 2203-2221 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: cyanate ; epoxy ; mixed resins ; curing ; cross reaction ; 13C-, 15N-, and 1H-NMR ; oxazolidinone ; carbamate ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The possible cross reactions indicated by solid-state NMR between cyanate functionalized resin and epoxy functionalized resin have been investigated by using both natural abundance and labeled monofunctional model compounds. These soluble products were isolated and purified by silica gel adsorption chromatography and gel permeation chromatography. They were fully characterized by high resolution 1H-, 13C-, 15N-NMR spectroscopy and by mass spectrometry. The major cross-reaction product is a racemic mixture of enantiomers, which contain an oxazolidinone ring formed by one cyanate molecule and two epoxy molecules. However, epoxy consumption lags cyanate consumption in the overall reaction as triazine formation from the cyanate is much faster than the two competing reactions, the cross reaction between cyanate and epoxy, and the self-polymerization of epoxy, under the conditions investigated. The cross reaction between cyanate and epoxy is limited. Approximately 12% of cross reaction between cyanate and epoxy was found in the overall reaction. In addition to the cross reactions of epoxy and cyanate, the reactions of epoxy and the carbamate, which is the major side product for the curing reaction of cyanate resin in solution, have also been investigated, and the mechanism of these reactions discussed. From the reactions of epoxy and carbamate, several products related to cross reaction between epoxy and cyanate have been isolated and identified. It is suggested that the reaction of epoxy and carbamate is one of the pathways in the overall cross reaction between epoxy and cranate resins. Finally, the mechanism of the overall cross-curing reaction between the diepoxy and dicyanate mixed resins is discussed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 32 (1994), S. 2555-2565 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: in situ molecular composites ; molecular composites ; rigid rod polymer ; molecular modeling ; poly (azomethine) ; epoxy ; glass/epoxy composite ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The polymerization of rigid rod polymer precursors in a reactive matrix precursor, which is later cured in the mold, constitutes the in situ process. A poly-azomethine (PAM) was used as the rigid rod molecule. The resin used was an epoxy. We discuss the prediction of mechanical properties using micromechanics equations for chopped fiber composites. The chemistry used to synthesize the rigid rod polymer PAM in the epoxy precursor is reviewed. Approaches to better control the cure of these epoxy systems through cure kinetics and cure rheology studies completes the thermoset in situ molecular composite process. There was a 71% increase in tensile modulus in comparison to that of the neat epoxy resin. Molecular modeling simulations and continuum mechanics are used to help understand these findings. PAM/epoxy systems were used as a matrix material in the fabrication of unidirectional glass fiber/(PAM/epoxy) structural composites. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 53 (1994), S. 1785-1793 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Di(2-ethylhexyl), di(2-octyl), dihexyl, and dibutyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate were synthesized from furfural and characterized for their plasticizing abilities toward PVC by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) with di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DOP) as the standard of reference. DMTA gave values for the depression of the glass transition temperature (Tg) per mass fraction of plasticizer, and it also yielded a set of parameters, relative to those for DOP, which describe the compatibility of the furan diesters with PVC. The efficiency in lowering Tg as exhibited by di(2-ethylhexyl) furan-2,5-dicarboxylate is similar to that of its benzenoid analog, DOP, and was determined at 2.41 and 2.45°C per mass % plasticizer, respectively. All four furan diesters were found to be more compatible toward PVC than toward DOP, with dibutyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate the most highly compatible. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 54 (1994), S. 1605-1612 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Additives are commonly formulated into polymers to stabilize them against thermo-oxidative and photo-oxidative degradation. However, the additives themselves undergo degradation in the polymers, especially when the polymers are placed in hostile environments. This study focuses on the degradation of additives in chemical and photo-oxidizing environments; i.e., spas and xenon arc, respectively. HPLC-UV/vis, FT-IR, and GC-MS techniques were utilized to follow the degradation chemistry of the additives. The chemistry was determined for additive degradation by spa chemicals, but the degradation chemistry of benzotriazoles remains elusive due to the insolubility of the resinous degradation products. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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