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  • Articles  (566)
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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (524)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (42)
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  • 1990-1994  (566)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1915-1919
  • 1890-1899
  • 1994  (312)
  • 1993  (254)
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  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (566)
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  • Articles  (566)
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  • 1990-1994  (566)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1940-1944
  • 1915-1919
  • 1890-1899
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nongenomic regulation of extracellular matrix events by vitamin D metabolites (1994)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 56 (1994), S. 331-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: 1,25-(OH)2D3 ; 24,25-(OH)2D3 ; matrix vesicles ; nongenomic regulation ; extracellular matrix ; alkaline phosphatase ; phospholipase A2 ; Protein kinase C ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Vitamin D metabolites appear to regulate chondrocytes and osteoblasts via a combination of genomic and nongenomic mechanisms. Specificity of the nongenomic response to either 1,25-(OH)2D3 or 24, 25-(OH)2D3 may be conferred by the chemical composition of the target membrane and its fluid mosaic structure, by the presence of specific membrane receptors, or by the interaction with classic Vitamin D receptors. Nongenomic effects have been shown to include changes in membrane fluidity, fatty acid acylation and reacylation, arachidonic acid metabolism and prostaglandin production, calcium ion flux, and protein kinaase C activity. Chondrocytes metabolize 25-(OH)D3 to 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3; production of these metabolites is regulated by both growth factors and hormones and is dependent on the state of cell maturation. 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3 may interact directly with extracellular matix vesicles to regulate their function in the matrix, including protease activity, resulting in matrix modefication and calcification. Isolated matrix vesicles, produced by growth zone chondrocytes, can activate latent transforming growth factor-β when incubated with exogenous 1,25-(OH)2D3. These observations suggest that nongenomic regulation of martix vesicle structure and function may be a mechanism by which mesenchymal cells, like osteoblasts and chndrocytes, may modulate events in the extracellular matrix at sites distant from the cell surace.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240560309
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Triazine-based polymers, 2. Synthesis and characterization of polyethers (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 221 (1994), S. 187-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Polyether auf Triazinbasis können mittels phasentransferkatalysierter Polykondensation bei Raumtemperatur und Reaktionszeiten von 1 bis 3 h hergestellt werden. Von mehr als 20 Polyethern wurden Löslichkeiten, Glasübergangstemperaturen, thermogravimetrische Daten, Reißdehnungen, Reißfestigkeiten, Elastizitätsmoduli und Schlagzähigkeiten bestimmt. Von den Polymeren aus 2,4-Dichlor-6-diethylamino-s-triazin und Bisphenol A wurde zusätzlich der Kristallisationsgrad mittels Röntgenweitwinkelstreuung ermittelt. Das Inkrement des 1,3,5-Triazintriylrings wurde bestimmt, so daß die Glastemperaturen einiger Polyether nach van Krevelen berechnet werden konnten.
    Notes: Triazine-based polyethers can be synthesized by phase transfer catalysed interfacial polycondensation at room temperature and reaction times of about 1 to 3 h. In this way, more than 20 polyethers were synthesized and solubilities, glass transition temperatures, thermogravimetric data, elongations at break, tensil strengths, elasticity moduli and impact strengths were determined. In addition, the degree of crystallinity was investigated for the polymer obtained from of 2,4-dichloro-6-diethylamino-s-triazine and bisphenol A by wide angle X-ray diffraction. The increment of the 1,3,5-triazinetriyl ring was determined, which made it possible to calculate the glass transition temperatures of some polyethers according to van Krevelen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1994.052210116
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis, biological activity, and conformational analysis of [pGlu6, N-MePhe8, Aib9] substance P (6-11): A selective agonist for the NK-3 receptor (1993)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 33 (1993), S. 915-926 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A highly potent and selective agonist to the tachykinin NK-3 receptor, [pGlu6, N-MePhe8, Aib9] substance P (6-11) (I), was synthesized via the solid phase method. The ED50 of I was 4n M in the guinea pig ileum in the absence of atropine (NK-1 + NK-3 receptors) and this agonist was 5000-fold less potent in the presence of atropine (NK-1 receptor). The analogue was virtually inactive in the rat vas deferens (NK-2 receptor). A detailed analysis of the solution conformation of this analogue in DMSO-d6 and in a DMSO-d6 H2O cryornixture was carried out by a combination of 1H-nmr 2D techniques (DQF-COSY, TOCSY, NOESY and ROESY) and model building based on empirical energy calculations. Peptide I exists as a mixture of isomers containing cis and trans Phe-N-MePhe peptide bonds. The main isomer, containing a cis Phe-N-MePhe peptide bond, shows a preferred folded conformation characterized by a type VI β-turn with Phe and N-MePhe in the i + 1 and i + 2 positions. The turn is followed by a helical segment extending to the C-terminal. This conformation is compared to previously reported conformations of other selective tachykinin agonists and may be a promising lead for the design of novel NK-3 agonists with additional conformational constraints. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360330607
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic vs. Steric effects of substituents on the intramolecular excimer fluorescence from dilute solutions of halogen-substituted polystyrenes (1993)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1993), S. 329-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Steady state fluorescence measurements in dilute solution have been performed for eight halogenated polystyrenes and for poly(2,5-dimethylstyrene). The monomers for halogenated polymers are o-X-styrene (X = F, Cl, Br), m-fluorostyrene, p-X-styrene, and p-chloro-α-methylstyrene. The position of the excimer band and the ratio of the intensities of the excimer and monomer fluorescence depend on the substitution. The results for poly(p-chloro-α-methylstyrene) and poly(2,5-dimethylstyrene) can be rationalized by a conformational analysis that examines the preferred geometries for face-to-face complexes by rings bonded to chain atoms i and i + 2. The results for the other polymers cannot be explained by a conformational analysis. They appear to arise from a combination of factors that alter the electronic properties of the chromophore.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1993.021940129
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermally initiated frontal polymerization of transition metal nitrate acrylamide complexes (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 1201-1212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: acrylamide ; complex ; metal nitrates ; polymerization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of the thermally initiated frontal polymerization of acrylamide complexes of transition metal nitrates such as those of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) was disclosed. The rate of the polymerization front propagation was found to be 2-9 × 10-2cm/c, depending appreciably on sample diameter and density, as well as the presence of radical inhibitor additives. The rate was found to decrease in the series: Co(II) 〉 Ni(II) 〉 Mn(II) 〉 Zn(II). Polymerization was shown to occur directly in the melting region of a complex at 80-100°C to give three-dimensional polymers. A mechanism of the polymerization being initiated with the products of the partial nitrate group decomposition was proposed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080320701
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gamma-, photo-, and thermally-initiated oxidation of isotactic polypropyleneIssued as NRCC #34241. (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 715-722 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polypropylene ; oxidation products ; gamma ; photoinitiation ; thermal ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The detailed oxidation products have been identified and compared from the γ-, photo-, and thermally-initiated oxidation of unstabilized polypropylene films. Products were identified and quantified by a combination of iodometric analysis and infrared spectroscopy. Spectral resolution was enhanced by derivatization reactions which allow the quantification of primary, secondary, and tertiary hydroperoxide and alcohol groups as well as more reliable analysis of carbonyl species. In contrast to polyethylene oxidation which yields predominantly ketone with lesser amounts of secondary hydroperoxide and carboxylic acid, polypropylene oxidizes to give predominantly tertiary hydroperoxide and lesser quantities of secondary hydroperoxide and ketone. In addition carboxylic acid groups are a minor product except at high degrees of thermal and photoinitiated oxidation. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080310316
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NMR investigations of the possible cross reactions between cyanate and epoxy resins (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 2203-2221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: cyanate ; epoxy ; mixed resins ; curing ; cross reaction ; 13C-, 15N-, and 1H-NMR ; oxazolidinone ; carbamate ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The possible cross reactions indicated by solid-state NMR between cyanate functionalized resin and epoxy functionalized resin have been investigated by using both natural abundance and labeled monofunctional model compounds. These soluble products were isolated and purified by silica gel adsorption chromatography and gel permeation chromatography. They were fully characterized by high resolution 1H-, 13C-, 15N-NMR spectroscopy and by mass spectrometry. The major cross-reaction product is a racemic mixture of enantiomers, which contain an oxazolidinone ring formed by one cyanate molecule and two epoxy molecules. However, epoxy consumption lags cyanate consumption in the overall reaction as triazine formation from the cyanate is much faster than the two competing reactions, the cross reaction between cyanate and epoxy, and the self-polymerization of epoxy, under the conditions investigated. The cross reaction between cyanate and epoxy is limited. Approximately 12% of cross reaction between cyanate and epoxy was found in the overall reaction. In addition to the cross reactions of epoxy and cyanate, the reactions of epoxy and the carbamate, which is the major side product for the curing reaction of cyanate resin in solution, have also been investigated, and the mechanism of these reactions discussed. From the reactions of epoxy and carbamate, several products related to cross reaction between epoxy and cyanate have been isolated and identified. It is suggested that the reaction of epoxy and carbamate is one of the pathways in the overall cross reaction between epoxy and cranate resins. Finally, the mechanism of the overall cross-curing reaction between the diepoxy and dicyanate mixed resins is discussed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080321201
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the free radical polymerization of styrene in the presence of several 1,1-disubstituted ethylenes (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 901-908 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: styrene ; free radical ; addition-fragmentation chain transfer ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A variety of 1,1-disubstituted ethylenes, having an electron-withdrawing (capto) and an electron-donor (dative) substituent on the same carbon, were synthesized and added to styrene polymerizations. The dative substituents investigated were alkoxy or alkylcarbonate. After the addition of a polystyryl radical to a disubstituted ethylene, the resulting alkoxy or carbonate radicals could potentially fragment, resulting in chain termination and the formation of alkyl radicals. This process is called addition-fragmentation chain transfer (AFCT). The polymers produced during this study were examined for evidence of copolymerization and AFCT. The relative stability of the radicals generated by the fragmentation process appears to be the predominant factor controlling the ratio of copolymerization versus AFCT. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080310408
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid-State orientation studies on polypropylene disks, 2Part 2 cf.1.. Uniaxial compression with lubricated press platens (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 205 (1993), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die molekulare Orientierung kreisförmiger Platten aus isotaktischem Polypropylen wurde anhand der optischen Doppelbrecung und des Infrarot-Dichroismus untersucht. Die Proben wurden zwischen vorgeheizten Pressplatten und unter Verwendung von Gleitmittel (Silikonöl) an der Pressplattenoberfläche einachsig komprimiert. Die Änderung der molekularen Anisotropie in den kristallinen Bereichen, bestimmt aus der optischen Deppelbrechung und dem Infrarot-Dichroismus, war vernachlässigbar klein über den Querschnitt der Scheiben. Der Grad der Anisotropie war relativ gering. Polfiguren, welche aus Weitwinkel-Röntgenstreuungsexperimenten bestimmt wurden, weisen auf das Entstehen einer planaren Orientierungstextur hin. Die Orientierung der Polymerketten in den kristallinen Bereichen lag hauptsächlich senkrecht zur Richtung der Kompression.
    Notes: The molecular orientation of isotactic polypropylene disks compressed uniaxially in the solid state using lubricated press platens was studied by measuring optical birefringence, infrared dichroism and wide-angle x-ray scattering. Differences in anisotropy obtained by optical birefringence and infrared dichroism were negligibly small throughout the disk at a low overall level of orientation. Pole figures obtained from WAXS measurements showed that the orientation texture developed during the deformation was essentially planar with polymer chains oriented perpendicularly to the compression direction.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1993.052050115
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell cycle dependent distribution of proliferating cell nuclear antigen/cyclin and cdc2-kinase in mouse T-lymphoma cells (1993)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 52 (1993), S. 362-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: flow cytometry ; BrdU incorporation ; S-phase ; DNA synthesis ; p34-cdc2 ; colcemid ; mitotic inhibitors ; aneuploidy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The aim of the present study was to investigate bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) uptake and coordinated distribution of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and p34-cdc2-kinase, two important proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and progression. Flow cytometric analysis of marker proteins in freshly plated mouse T-lymphoma cells (Yac-1 cells), using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled specific antibodies, showed PCNA distributed throughout the cell cycle with increased intensity in S-phase. PCNA is essential for cells to cycle through S-phase and its synthesis is initiated during late G1-phase before incorporation of BrdU and remains high during active DNA replication. The intensity of PCNA fluorescence increases with the duration of incubation after plating. The cdc2-kinase was detectable in all phases of the cell cycle and the G2-M-phase appears to have the maximum concentrations. The cell cycle analysis of high dose colcemid (2 μg/ml) treated Yac-1 cells showed an aneuploid or hypodiploid population. Although the G2-M-phase seems to be the dominating population in aneuploid cells, the concentrations of cdc2-kinase were variable in this phase of cell cycle. The colcemid treatment at 25 ng/ml arrested 96% of cells in S-phase and G2-M-phase, but PCNA expression was evident in a portion of the cell population in G2-M-phase. Although cells blocked in M-phase seem to have high levels of cdc2-kinase, colcemid renders them inactive. From these data, it appears that the down regulation and/or inactivation of cdc2-kinase could be responsible for the colcemid arrest of cells in M-phase.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240520312
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