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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (1,297)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (438)
  • ASTRONOMY  (377)
  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (347)
  • Mathematics and Statistics
  • 1990-1994  (1,938)
  • 1980-1984  (535)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1915-1919  (1)
  • 1994  (792)
  • 1993  (553)
  • 1992  (593)
  • 1984  (535)
  • 1916  (1)
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  • 1990-1994  (1,938)
  • 1980-1984  (535)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1915-1919  (1)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microscopy in solid state science (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 24 (1993), S. 299-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: STEM ; PEELS ; HAADFI ; Nanolithography ; Super-resolution ; STM ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The Microstructural Physics group at the Cavendish Laboratory is actively involved in a considerable number of research projects which cover a broad range of materials science. In this paper, we describe briefly several such projects, with particular emphasis given to the application of parallel-detection electron energy loss spectroscopy (PEELS) on a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) to the analysis of materials such as stainless steels, catalysts, and high temperature superconductors. In addition, we describe a number of related projects that are currently being carried out in the group, particularly those which utilise and develop novel STEM imaging and analytical techniques. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070240404
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  • 2
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    Gamma-ray observations of NGC 253 and M82 with OSSE (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Gamma-ray observations of the nearby starburst galaxies NGC 253 and M82 over the energy range (0.05-10) MeV have been obtained with the Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment (OSSE) spectrometer on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO). The priority of these galaxies as OSSE targets had been established on the grounds that the average supernova rate may be high in starbursts as indicated by infrared and radio observations, and at distances of approximately 3 Mpc a significant chance of supernova gamm-ray line detection exists. NGC 253 was detected in continuum emission up to 165 keV with a total significance of 4.4 sigma and an estimated luminosity of 3 x 10(exp 40) ergs/s. The spectrum is best fit by a power law of photon index approximately 2.5. We consider the possible contribution of different emission mechanisms, including inverse Compton scattering, bremsstrahlung, discrete sources, and Type Ia/Ib supernova continuum to the measured flux. No significant continuum flux was observed from M82. A search for the gamma-ray line from the decay of the most abundant radioactive element produced in supernovae (Ni-56 yields Co-56 yields Fe-56) yielded no significant detection: the 3 sigma upper limits to the line fluxes at 0.158, 0.812, 0.847, and 1.238 MeV for both galaxies are obtained.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 437; 1; p. 173-178
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nongenomic regulation of extracellular matrix events by vitamin D metabolites (1994)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 56 (1994), S. 331-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: 1,25-(OH)2D3 ; 24,25-(OH)2D3 ; matrix vesicles ; nongenomic regulation ; extracellular matrix ; alkaline phosphatase ; phospholipase A2 ; Protein kinase C ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Vitamin D metabolites appear to regulate chondrocytes and osteoblasts via a combination of genomic and nongenomic mechanisms. Specificity of the nongenomic response to either 1,25-(OH)2D3 or 24, 25-(OH)2D3 may be conferred by the chemical composition of the target membrane and its fluid mosaic structure, by the presence of specific membrane receptors, or by the interaction with classic Vitamin D receptors. Nongenomic effects have been shown to include changes in membrane fluidity, fatty acid acylation and reacylation, arachidonic acid metabolism and prostaglandin production, calcium ion flux, and protein kinaase C activity. Chondrocytes metabolize 25-(OH)D3 to 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3; production of these metabolites is regulated by both growth factors and hormones and is dependent on the state of cell maturation. 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3 may interact directly with extracellular matix vesicles to regulate their function in the matrix, including protease activity, resulting in matrix modefication and calcification. Isolated matrix vesicles, produced by growth zone chondrocytes, can activate latent transforming growth factor-β when incubated with exogenous 1,25-(OH)2D3. These observations suggest that nongenomic regulation of martix vesicle structure and function may be a mechanism by which mesenchymal cells, like osteoblasts and chndrocytes, may modulate events in the extracellular matrix at sites distant from the cell surace.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240560309
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chain orientation and anisotropies in optical and dielectric properties in thin films of stiff polyimides (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 30 (1992), S. 1321-1327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: polyimides. stiff, optical and dielectric properties in their films of ; optical anisotropy and chain orientation stiff polyimide thin films ; dielectric properties of stiff polyimide thin films ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Thin films of poly(p-phenylene biphenyltetracarboximide) (BPDA-PDA), prepared by thermal imidization of the precursor poly(amic acid) on substrates, have been investigated by optical waveguide, ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS), infrared (IR), and dielectric spectroscopies. The polyimide films exhibit an extraordinarily large anisotropy in the refractive indices with the in-plane index n∥ = 1.806 and the out-of-plane index n⊥ = 1.589 at 1064 nm wavelength. No discernible effect of the film thickness on this optical anisotropy is found between films of ca. 2.1 and ca. 7.8 μm thickness. This large birefringence is attributed to the preferential orientation of the biphenyltetracarboximide moieties with their planes parallel to the film surface, coupled with the strong preference of BPDA-PDA chains to align along the film plane. The frequency dispersion of the in-plane refractive index n∥ is consistent with the results calculated by the Lorentz-Lorenz equation from the UV-visible spectrum exhibiting several absorption bands in the 170-500 nm region. The contribution from the IR absorption in the range 7000-400 cm,-1 computed by the Spitzer-Kleinmann dispersion relations from the measured spectra, adds ca. 0.046 to the in-plane refractive index n∥. Tilt-angle-dependent polarized IR results indicate nearly the same increase for the out-of-plane index n⊥. Application of the Maxwell relation then leads to the out-of-plane dielectric constant ε⊥ ≃ 2.7 at 1.2 × 1013 Hz, as compared with the measured value of ca. 3.0 at 106 Hz. Assuming this small difference to remain the same for the in-plane dielectric constants ε∥, we obtain a very large anisotropy in the dielectric properties of these polyimide films with the estimated in-plane dielectric constant ε∥ ≃ 3.4 at 1.2 × 1013 Hz, and ε∥ ≃ 3.7 at 106 Hz. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1992.090301203
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Torsional properties of healed canine diaphyseal defects grafted with a fibrillar collagen and hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate composite (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 5 (1994), S. 277-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The need for alternatives to autogenous bone grafts is widely recognized. This study compared the torsional strength of canine femora 1 year after grafting with one of three forms of a collagen/hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate bone grafting material (COLLAGRAFT15), autogenous bone, or no graft. The groups were compared to each other and to the unoperated contralateral femora. Results of torsional testing were evaluated for torsional strength, torsional displacement, total energy to fracture and White fracture mode. Data analysis showed lower torsional strength of the operated vs. unoperated femora with the exception of morsellized COLLAGRAFT15 material, which had higher strength. However, the only difference in the operated groups was that the morsellized COLLAGRAFT15 had greater strength than several groups including the autogenous bone group. There was no difference found in angular displacement between any of the groups. However, there was a difference in the energy to fracture in both strip forms of the COLLAGRAFT15. The final conclusion is that in this model, grafting with COLLAGRAFT15 provided torsional properties at one year postoperatively at least equivalent to autogenous bone. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770050402
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal ion concentrations in retrieved polyethylene total hip inserts and implications for artifactually high readings in tissue (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 27 (1993), S. 1349-1355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Although there are many studies which document high metal ion concentrations in clinically retrieved tissues surrounding total joint replacements, most investigations have remained cautious in their interpretation due to the artifactual influences of metal particulate.The possible contribution of polyethylene wear debris to artifactually high periprosthetic metal ion concentration readings has not been previously considered. This study documents the potential role of polyethylene particulate contamination in causing artifactually high metal concentration readings in tissues.The data showed metal ion contamination in the polyethylene was progressive at each stage of exposure to metal: from bar stock preparation, to manufacturing, to in vivo ambulation. The manufacturing and machining processes showed a statistically significant (P ≤ .05) increase in metal ion concentrations in the nonarticulated acetabular inserts over bar stock.The results of this study demonstrate that periprosthetic tissue and synovial fluid metal ion concentration data must be interpreted with caution due to possible artifactual problems associated with metal ion contaminated polyethylene particulate. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820271102
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variations between Biomer™ lots. I. Significant differences in the surface chemistry of two lots of a commercial poly(ether urethane) (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 26 (1992), S. 273-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: We have studied the surface chemistry of two lots of Biomer™ (BSP067 and BSUAOOl), and widely used commercial poly(ether urethane) (PEU). Although transmission infrared adsorption studies revealed no differences in the bulk chemistry of the two lots, the surface chemistry, as seen by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), was different. Lot BSP067 showed softsegment enrichment at the surface, which is typical of PEU. Lot BSUAOOl showed no evidence of either hard- or soft-segment PEU components at the surface. The surface of this lot was completely covered with a nonextractable additive identified as poly(diisopropy1 amino ethyl methacrylate). Small amounts of a low-molecular-weight antioxidant were observed at the surface of both samples. Because the biological response to polymers is dependent on surface structure, these results are of considerable importance to biomaterials research.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820260302
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal ion concentrations in retrieved polyethylene total hip inserts and implications for artifactually high readings in tissue (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 28 (1994), S. 405-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820280316
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological and ultrastructural characterization of mammalian spermatozoa processed for flow cytometric DNA analyses (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 10 (1984), S. 339-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: spermatozoa ; flow cytometry ; DNA staining ; nuclear morphology ; ultrastructure ; mammals ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The morphological and ultrastructural changes that occur during preparation of porcine, bovine, and murine spermatozoa for flow cytometric quantification of the relative DNA content of the X- and Y-chromosome-bearing sperm populations were examined. Ejaculated spermatozoa from the boar and bull were washed using a series of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions prior to fixation, whereas the epididymal mouse spermatozoa were washed only in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Spermatozoa from all three species were then fixed in ethanol and processed for fluorochrome staining by a treatment regimen consisting of sulfhydryl reduction and proteolysis. The processed sperm nuclei were stained for DNA with the fluorochrome, 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) before quantification by flow cytometry. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs of sperm heads taken at various steps of the preparation and staining procedures show 1) that the rigorous washing procedure disrupted the plasma and outer acrosomal membranes, 2) that ethanol fixation resulted in removal of the outer membranes and disintegration of the nuclear envelope, and 3) that thiol and proteolysis treatment removed the remaining cellular organelles including the tail and rapidly induced partial decondensation of the tightly packed chromatin. Sequential micrographs showed that the nuclear matrix of all three species increased in thickness about twofold during the preparation and staining. Consequently, the harsh procedures currently used for quantitative staining of DNA for high-resolution flow cytometric analyses destroy most cellular organelles and thereby prevent simultaneous characterization of DNA content and other sperm cell constituents.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120100402
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and quantification of Cu contamination on GaAs surfacesPaper presented at QSA 7, Guildford, September 1992. (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 21 (1994), S. 51-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Secondary ion mass spectrometry has been used to identify the presence of Cu contamination on undoped semiinsulating GaAs wafer surfaces following polishing under certain conditions. The presence of a contaminating species on the wafer surface is indicated by the influence of pre-etch treatments on electrical measurements performed on heat-treated wafers, with and without Si implants. The identification of Cu as a contaminant is confirmed by photoluminescence measurements. With the appropriate wafer preparation process, the level of Cu contamination is below the SIMS detection limit of 〈1 × 1016 atoms cm-3.In the SIMS analysis of the surface-contaminated wafers, the Cu depth profile shape was dependent on the primary beam bombardment energy, suggesting a chemical segregation of Cu out of the altered layer, a redistribution that is known to occur in Si.To quantify the surface concentration of Cu, GaAs wafers were deliberately contaminated with Cu, heat treated and analysed with glow discharge mass spectrometry and SIMS to provide a cross-calibration.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740210108
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