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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (113)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology
  • 1985-1989  (152)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1960-1964
  • 1935-1939  (4)
  • 1905-1909
  • 1988  (152)
  • 1938  (4)
  • 1898
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  • 1985-1989  (152)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1960-1964
  • 1935-1939  (4)
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  • 11
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Data concerning the seasonal distribution of twenty-two species of nudibranchs are recorded for a period of 9 months. The occurrence of copulation and of egg laying for these animals in the laboratory aquaria is recorded for the same period. These data indicate that the seasonal distribution of certain species is well marked, and that there is in many cases a definite breeding season.The characteristics of the egg ribbons of these nudibranchs are described, and figured by means of photographs. These egg ribbons approach the mathematical form of a spiral of Archimedes. In every case observed, the ribbon was deposited in a counter-clockwise direction, viewed dorsally.The relationship between these observations and earlier work on the life histories of the nudibranchs is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Salivary gland nuclei in Chironomus regularly show large, conspicuous nucleoli. In Sciara no true nucleoli have been found, but sometimes certain particular chromosome regions expand greatly, forming ‘puffs’ or ‘bulbs,’ somewhat nucleolus-like in nature. Detailed study has been made of the chromosome structure in the affected regions in both genera.In the nucleolar regions of Chironomus the banded structure of the chromosome is distinctly modified. In the case of the large nucleolus the chromosome breaks up into a heavy network in which solid discs are replaced by interconnected chromatic spheres and granules, extending out somewhat into the clear nucleolar substance. In the case of the smaller nucleolus, Balbiani's ring, the banded structure is less disturbed. A chromatic network, resembling a system of rootlets, runs out from the chromatic bands into the clear nucleolar substance.In Sciara ocellaris the ‘puff’ regions are at times normally banded, but at other times in the condition described as ‘puffed.’ The same is true of the ‘bulb’ regions. The relation between nucleoli, puffs and bulbs is discussed. Also that between ‘heterochromatin’ and ‘euchromatin.’ Evidence seems to indicate that the latter are merely extremes in a continuous range involving different relative amounts of chromatic and achromatic materials. The ‘puff’ regions appear to be structurally similar to the chromocenter in Drosophila.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 195 (1988), S. 45-58 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The distribution of neutral red staining peripheral cell bodies along the nerve trunks of the thoracic median nervous system of the locust, Schistocerca gregaria, is described. Backfilling of the cells with cobalt chloride solution reveals that they are neurones with characteristic axonal processes that terminate in the neurohaemal areas of the median nerve. The neurones react with the dye acridine orange, indicating their neurosecretory nature. This is confirmed by their ultrastructural appearance at the electron microscope level. The distribution and staining properties of the cells are compared with those of peripheral neurones from other insects and the nature of their neurosecretory product is discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 196 (1988), S. 119-126 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In uloborid spiders, eye loss is accompanied by increased visual angles, optical material investment, and potential visual acuity of the retained eyes. Relative to carapace volume, the six-eyed Hyptiotes cavatus and two four-eyed Miagrammopes species have greater retinal hemisphere areas and lens volumes than do the eight-eyed uloborids Waitkera waitkerensis, Uloborus glomosus, and Octonoba sinensis. In Waitkera, in which the eyes have little visual overlap, and in Miagrammopes, in which eye loss simplifies the spiders' patterns of visual overlap, increased retinal cell density enhances potential visual acuity. However, this occurs at the expense of potential retinal cell sensitivity.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 195 (1988), S. 71-81 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The fully developed oral disc of the tadpole of Bufo bufo consists of dorsal and ventral labia bearing, respectively, two and three ridges bearing numerous horny denticles, a horny beak provided with jaw sheath serrations, and large lateral papillae that are borne by two cutaneous plicae. As development progresses toward metamorphosis, these structures gradually regress until they disappear. Each cusped clavate labial denticle adheres, by means of a thin peduncle, to a similar labial denticle fixed in the lip and formed by a group of three or four cells that keratinize gradually and thus present remarkable differences in their morphology. Once all the cells of a group have been converted into horny tissue, the denticle sheds and is replaced by the underlying one. The beak serrations also are horny structures; each consists of a columnar band of cells which undergoes a gradual keratinization. The horny cells that detach themselves at intervals, being replaced by those of the underlying anlagen. The labial denticles and the beak serrations keratinize in two distinct ways. In the former, the desmosomal filaments appear to play an important role whereas, in the latter, the keratin seems to be synthesized “ex novo” by the ribosomes.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 62 (1938), S. 3-15 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Comparisons have been made of the weights of the suprarenals of 525 mature female dogs in dioestrus, oestrus, pregnancy and lactation. Tables and graphs show that there was a slight increase in the size of the suprarenals during oestrus. There was hypertrophy of both the cortex and the medulla in the oestrous dogs. Only slight increase was shown in the weights of the glands of pregnant animals when the net body weight was considered and no increase when the total body weight was used in the study. There was no hypertrophy of the glands of lactating animals.There was only a slight variation in the seasonal occurrence of oestrus. From 34 to 37% of the total numbers of mature females examined in the seasons were found to be in oestrus. From 13 to 16% of the total numbers were found to be pregnant.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 197 (1988), S. 63-69 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The development of the oral structures of six species of anuran tadpoles with four different types of mouth parts and the metamorphic atrophy of these structures in two species with different mouth parts are described. The oral labia of typical tadpoles, oral flaps of microhylids, and lateral oral folds of Rhinophrynus are assumed to be homologous. We also suggest that the barbels of the tadpoles of Rhinophrynus are homologs of the marginal papillae of species with an oral disc. Developmental patterns and sequences of the oral structures of all tadpoles examined follow a common pattern: stomodeal invagination, oral pad development, jaw sheeth delimitation, tooth row ridge development, jaw sheath keratinization, and labial tooth keratinization. Developmental patterns remain constant, while interspecific differences are apparent because of truncations of ontogeny at specific stages. Metamorphic atrophy of oral structures occurs roughly in the reverse order of development, although the procedure is rapid and more haphazard than development.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 198 (1988), S. 303-319 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The process by which spermatid cytoplasmic volume is reduced and cytoplasm eliminated during spermiogenesis was investigated in the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana. At early phases of spermiogenesis, newly formed, rounded spermatids were found within spermatocysts. As acrosomal development, nuclear elongation, and chromatin condensation occurred, spermatid nuclei became eccentric within the cell. A cytoplasmic lobe formed from the caudal spermatid head and flagellum and extended toward the seminiferous tubule lumen. The cytoplasmic lobe underwent progressive condensation whereby most of its cytoplasm became extremely electron dense and contrasted sharply with numerous electron-translucent vesicles contained therein. At the completion of spermiogenesis, many spermatids with their highly condensed cytoplasm still attached were released from their Sertoli cell into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule. There was no evidence of the phagocytosis of residual bodies by Sertoli cells. Because spermatozoa are normally retained in the testis in winter and are not released until the following breeding season, sperm were induced to traverse the duct system with a single injection of hCG. Some spermatids remained attached to their cytoplasm during the sojourn through the testicular and kidney ducts; however, by the time the sperm reached the Wolffian duct, separation had occurred. The discarded cytoplasmic lobe (residual body) appeared to be degraded within the epithelium of the Wolffian duct. It was determined that the volume of the spermatid was reduced by 87% during spermiogenesis through a nuclear volume decrease of 76% and cytoplasmic volume decrease of 95.3%.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 198 (1988), S. 353-365 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The mouthparts and upper food canal of the biting midge, Culicoides sanguisuga, are described with light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. The stylets (labrum, hypopharynx, mandibles, laciniae) are individually described so that their union into the piercingsucking syntrophium can be understoo. Labial anatomy and relationships to the syntrophium are also described. Syntrophial integrity is based on a complex system in which (1) the mandibles articulate with each other and with the hypopharynx; (2) the edges of the labrum are hooked over the sides of the mandibles; (3) the laciniae “clasp” the hypopharyngeal-mandibular complex to the labrum; and (4) the labellum holds the stylets together terminally.We propose that all muscles attached to the mandibles of the biting midge serve as retractors. This, combined with the fact that the mandibles have only one toothed edge (rearward-directed teeth on the lateral edge), suggests that retraction is the only active cutting stroke during biting. The mechanism contrasts with that of black flies (simuliids), which have mandibular protractors and retractors and teeth on both lateral and medial mandibular margins.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 198 (1988), S. 205-217 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Natural maturation of the oocytes of Oxycomanthus japonicus can be predicte in advance, and the multiple ovaries permit unintrusive serial biopsies. Ovaries were fixed for transmission electron micrscopy at 15-min intervals before, during, and after oocyte maturation. The start of maturation of each oocyte is signaled by the breakdown of the germinal vesicle and the disruption of a macula adhaerens associating the oocyte with nongerminal cells of the ovary. This disruption is followed by an ovulation of the oocyte into the ovarian lumen. Ovulation takes about 1 hr, and a continuous vitelline coat is produced around the oocyte during this interval. Within the oocyte cytoplasm, patches of nuage and the annulate lamellae disappear at 30 and 45 min after the start of oocyte maturation, respectively. Micropapillae become transiently abundant at the oocyte surface both at the time of germinal vesicle breakdown and around the time when the first and second polar bodies are produced. Oocyte maturation takes about 2 hr from start to finish, and the emission of the second polar body marks the beginning of the stage of the ovum. Within the cytoplasm of the ovum, the haploid chromosomes develop into chromosome-containing vesicles, which later fuse into a single female pronucleus. Pronuclear ova are retained in the ovarian lumen for about 1 hr and are then spawned into the surrounding seawater, where fertilization takes place.
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