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  • Articles  (431)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (414)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (431)
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  • 1990-1994  (431)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and quantification of Cu contamination on GaAs surfacesPaper presented at QSA 7, Guildford, September 1992. (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 21 (1994), S. 51-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Secondary ion mass spectrometry has been used to identify the presence of Cu contamination on undoped semiinsulating GaAs wafer surfaces following polishing under certain conditions. The presence of a contaminating species on the wafer surface is indicated by the influence of pre-etch treatments on electrical measurements performed on heat-treated wafers, with and without Si implants. The identification of Cu as a contaminant is confirmed by photoluminescence measurements. With the appropriate wafer preparation process, the level of Cu contamination is below the SIMS detection limit of 〈1 × 1016 atoms cm-3.In the SIMS analysis of the surface-contaminated wafers, the Cu depth profile shape was dependent on the primary beam bombardment energy, suggesting a chemical segregation of Cu out of the altered layer, a redistribution that is known to occur in Si.To quantify the surface concentration of Cu, GaAs wafers were deliberately contaminated with Cu, heat treated and analysed with glow discharge mass spectrometry and SIMS to provide a cross-calibration.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740210108
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Triazine-based polymers, 2. Synthesis and characterization of polyethers (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 221 (1994), S. 187-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Polyether auf Triazinbasis können mittels phasentransferkatalysierter Polykondensation bei Raumtemperatur und Reaktionszeiten von 1 bis 3 h hergestellt werden. Von mehr als 20 Polyethern wurden Löslichkeiten, Glasübergangstemperaturen, thermogravimetrische Daten, Reißdehnungen, Reißfestigkeiten, Elastizitätsmoduli und Schlagzähigkeiten bestimmt. Von den Polymeren aus 2,4-Dichlor-6-diethylamino-s-triazin und Bisphenol A wurde zusätzlich der Kristallisationsgrad mittels Röntgenweitwinkelstreuung ermittelt. Das Inkrement des 1,3,5-Triazintriylrings wurde bestimmt, so daß die Glastemperaturen einiger Polyether nach van Krevelen berechnet werden konnten.
    Notes: Triazine-based polyethers can be synthesized by phase transfer catalysed interfacial polycondensation at room temperature and reaction times of about 1 to 3 h. In this way, more than 20 polyethers were synthesized and solubilities, glass transition temperatures, thermogravimetric data, elongations at break, tensil strengths, elasticity moduli and impact strengths were determined. In addition, the degree of crystallinity was investigated for the polymer obtained from of 2,4-dichloro-6-diethylamino-s-triazine and bisphenol A by wide angle X-ray diffraction. The increment of the 1,3,5-triazinetriyl ring was determined, which made it possible to calculate the glass transition temperatures of some polyethers according to van Krevelen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1994.052210116
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic vs. Steric effects of substituents on the intramolecular excimer fluorescence from dilute solutions of halogen-substituted polystyrenes (1993)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1993), S. 329-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Steady state fluorescence measurements in dilute solution have been performed for eight halogenated polystyrenes and for poly(2,5-dimethylstyrene). The monomers for halogenated polymers are o-X-styrene (X = F, Cl, Br), m-fluorostyrene, p-X-styrene, and p-chloro-α-methylstyrene. The position of the excimer band and the ratio of the intensities of the excimer and monomer fluorescence depend on the substitution. The results for poly(p-chloro-α-methylstyrene) and poly(2,5-dimethylstyrene) can be rationalized by a conformational analysis that examines the preferred geometries for face-to-face complexes by rings bonded to chain atoms i and i + 2. The results for the other polymers cannot be explained by a conformational analysis. They appear to arise from a combination of factors that alter the electronic properties of the chromophore.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1993.021940129
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid-State orientation studies on polypropylene disks, 2Part 2 cf.1.. Uniaxial compression with lubricated press platens (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 205 (1993), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die molekulare Orientierung kreisförmiger Platten aus isotaktischem Polypropylen wurde anhand der optischen Doppelbrecung und des Infrarot-Dichroismus untersucht. Die Proben wurden zwischen vorgeheizten Pressplatten und unter Verwendung von Gleitmittel (Silikonöl) an der Pressplattenoberfläche einachsig komprimiert. Die Änderung der molekularen Anisotropie in den kristallinen Bereichen, bestimmt aus der optischen Deppelbrechung und dem Infrarot-Dichroismus, war vernachlässigbar klein über den Querschnitt der Scheiben. Der Grad der Anisotropie war relativ gering. Polfiguren, welche aus Weitwinkel-Röntgenstreuungsexperimenten bestimmt wurden, weisen auf das Entstehen einer planaren Orientierungstextur hin. Die Orientierung der Polymerketten in den kristallinen Bereichen lag hauptsächlich senkrecht zur Richtung der Kompression.
    Notes: The molecular orientation of isotactic polypropylene disks compressed uniaxially in the solid state using lubricated press platens was studied by measuring optical birefringence, infrared dichroism and wide-angle x-ray scattering. Differences in anisotropy obtained by optical birefringence and infrared dichroism were negligibly small throughout the disk at a low overall level of orientation. Pole figures obtained from WAXS measurements showed that the orientation texture developed during the deformation was essentially planar with polymer chains oriented perpendicularly to the compression direction.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1993.052050115
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of polyethylenes by x-ray diffraction and 13C-NMR: Temperature studies and the nature of the amorphous halo (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 31 (1993), S. 175-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: polyethylene, linear and branched, X-ray diffraction and 13 C-NMR characterization of ; x-ray diffraction of linear and branched polyethylenes ; nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study of linear and branched polyethlenes ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: X-ray diffraction patterns of linear and branched polyethylenes typically show two sharp reflections and an amorphous halo. The position of the halo depends on branch content and temperature. A single curve describes the position of the halo maximum (2θhalo) for a range of liquid hydrocarbons and polyethylenes in the 20-140°C range. At temperatures well below their melting point, branched polymers give 2θhalo values which differ significantly from those observed for the liquid Linear polymers show a greater divergence, indicating that some of the material giving rise to the halo is much better packed than in the liquid.Parallel 13 C NMR spin-lattice relaxation studies suggest that this relatively ordered material has a trans conformation but a low average T1c value. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1993.090310206
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ thermoset molecular composites (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 32 (1994), S. 2555-2565 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: in situ molecular composites ; molecular composites ; rigid rod polymer ; molecular modeling ; poly (azomethine) ; epoxy ; glass/epoxy composite ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The polymerization of rigid rod polymer precursors in a reactive matrix precursor, which is later cured in the mold, constitutes the in situ process. A poly-azomethine (PAM) was used as the rigid rod molecule. The resin used was an epoxy. We discuss the prediction of mechanical properties using micromechanics equations for chopped fiber composites. The chemistry used to synthesize the rigid rod polymer PAM in the epoxy precursor is reviewed. Approaches to better control the cure of these epoxy systems through cure kinetics and cure rheology studies completes the thermoset in situ molecular composite process. There was a 71% increase in tensile modulus in comparison to that of the neat epoxy resin. Molecular modeling simulations and continuum mechanics are used to help understand these findings. PAM/epoxy systems were used as a matrix material in the fabrication of unidirectional glass fiber/(PAM/epoxy) structural composites. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1994.090321601
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study on the synthesis of perfluorovinyl-sulfonic functional monomer and its copolymerization with tetrafluoroethylene (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 47 (1993), S. 735-741 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Tetrafiuoroethylene (TFE) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) were subjected to reactions with freshly distilled sulfur trioxide to obtain 1-fluorosulfonyldifluoro-acetylfluoride (FSDFAF, yield 65-70%) and pentafluoro-2-propenylfluorosulfate (PPFS, yield up to 50%). A subsequent reaction of FSDFAF with PPFS under anhydrous conditions led to a preparation of 2-(1-pentafluoro-2-propenyloxy)tetrafluoroethanesulfonyl fluoride (PPOTESF, yield 40-41%) whose structure was proved by both infrared (IR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (19F NMR). TFE was copolymerized with PPOTESF in bulk by using a free radical initiator of the hydrocarbon type at a temperature of 50°C. Various TFE/PPOTESF mole ratios were employed and the presence of sulfonyl fluoride (—SO2F) functional groups in the copolymers was proven by IR spectroscopy. The copolymers were subjected to alkaline hydrolysis and the —SO2F content was found not to exceed 0.70-0.80 mEq/g with polymer yields in the range of 11-31%. The reactivity ratios r1 and r2 related to TFE and PPOTESF, respectively, were determined by using the Fineman-Ross method. A random distribution of PPOTESF units along the polymeric chain, consisting mainly of TFE fragments, was found to exist. The copolymers had melting temperatures 40-45°C lower than polytetrafluoroethylene and were thermally stable to 305-315°C. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070470417
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compatibility behavior in thermoplastic polymer blends containing poly(t-butylstyrene-co-acrylonitrile) (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 47 (1993), S. 1469-1476 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The phase behavior of a series of binary component polymer blends of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(t-butylstyrene-co-acrylonitrile) (TBSAN) containing varying contents of acrylonitrile (AN) was examined to determine the influence of copolymer composition and PCL content on blend miscibility or immiscibility. Thermal measurements were extensively used to determine phase behavior, i.e., a single compositionally dependent glass transition temperature implies blend miscibility. Otherwise, immiscibility is assumed to dominant blend behavior. It was determined that TBSAN and PCL form miscible blends over a broad range of AN content, i.e., spanning from below 43.2 mol % (19.8 wt %) to about 66.4 mol % (39.6 wt %), a range considerably different from that found in poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) copolymers. TBSAN-containing blends were found to be immiscible when the AN content is less than about 43 mol % or greater than about 67 mol %. Small-angle light-scattering and polarized light microscopy was used to probe the substantial morphological changes in the miscible blends. Little change was observed in the immiscible blends. These results clarify the phase separation observed in these blend systems. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070470818
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the formation of physical damage on automotive finishes due to acidic reagent exposure (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 50 (1993), S. 541-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Automotive paints with clear-coat surfaces can be physically damaged by exposure to acidic reagents produced in a smog chamber designed to reproduce real environmental conditions. Visual and reflectance microscopy observations show that deposition of material formed from the reaction of the clear coat and the reagent drop occurs on the paint surface after the drop evaporates to a critical size, with the greatest deposition occurring at the edge of the drop. This type of deposition suggests a free-energy minimization process favoring the formation of stable nuclei at the reagent drop edge. With heating after the drop evaporation to simulate exposure to the sun, a damaged area containing sulfur that is in the shape of a circular ring is observed at the location of the deposits. The majority of the visual damage appears to result from an interaction between the deposit and the paint at elevated temperatures. Results from profilometry, scanning electron microscopy, and reflectance microscopy show that the damaged areas are ring-shaped cracked blisters on the surface resulting from the clear coat separating into layers. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070500317
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and evaluation of dialkyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylates as plasticizers for PVC (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 53 (1994), S. 1785-1793 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Di(2-ethylhexyl), di(2-octyl), dihexyl, and dibutyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate were synthesized from furfural and characterized for their plasticizing abilities toward PVC by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) with di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DOP) as the standard of reference. DMTA gave values for the depression of the glass transition temperature (Tg) per mass fraction of plasticizer, and it also yielded a set of parameters, relative to those for DOP, which describe the compatibility of the furan diesters with PVC. The efficiency in lowering Tg as exhibited by di(2-ethylhexyl) furan-2,5-dicarboxylate is similar to that of its benzenoid analog, DOP, and was determined at 2.41 and 2.45°C per mass % plasticizer, respectively. All four furan diesters were found to be more compatible toward PVC than toward DOP, with dibutyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate the most highly compatible. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070531308
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