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  • Articles  (20)
  • Oxford University Press  (20)
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  • 1
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    Culture, spatial diffusion of ideas and their long-lasting imprints--evidence from Froebel's kindergarten movement (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-14
    Description: We document the spatial diffusion of Friedrich Froebel’s radical invention of kindergartens in 19th-century Germany. The first kindergarten was founded at Froebel’s birthplace. Early spatial diffusion can be explained by cultural proximity, measured by historical dialect similarity, to Froebel’s birthplace. This result is robust to the inclusion of higher order polynomials in geographic distance and similarity measures with respect to industry, geography or religion. Our findings suggest that a common cultural basis facilitates the spill-over of ideas. We further show that the contemporaneous spatial pattern of child care coverage is still correlated with cultural similarity to Froebel’s place of birth.
    Keywords: J13 - Fertility ; Family Planning ; Child Care ; Children ; Youth, N33 - Europe: Pre-1913, Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Accuracy and efficiency in simulating equilibrium land-use patterns for self-organizing cities (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-20
    Description: Lucas and Rossi-Hansberg (L&RH) (2002, Econometrica , 70: 1445–1476) and Fujita and Ogawa (F&O) (1982, Regional Science and Urban Economics , 12: 161–196, 1989, Environment and Planning A , 21: 363–374) develop urban models in which economic activity self-organizes due to spillovers in production. However, F&O (1982, Regional Science and Urban Economics , 12: 161–196, 1989, Environment and Planning A , 21: 363–374) show that rents and employment density are flat or falling as the city center is approached, while in the simulations of L&RH (2002, Econometrica , 70: 1445–1476), rents rise at an increasing rate toward the center suggesting a concentration of employment near the center. For the Lucas and Rossi-Hansberg model, we prove that land rents and density must be flat or falling near the center. We explain how using a polar coordinate system when approximating a two-dimensional integral can create systematic imprecision in their simulations, and then present revised simulations. The proofs and simulations suggest that in urban models where economic activity self-organizes firms do not unduly cluster at the center of a central business district even in monocentric equilibria.
    Keywords: R13 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies, R14 - Land Use Patterns, R30 - General
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Airport cities and metropolitan labor markets: an extension and response to Cidell (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-14
    Description: Using Census 2000 CTPP tract-level data for the 51 largest U.S. metropolitan areas, airport cities—agglomerations of employment anchored by airports—are placed in the context of metropolitan spatial form in order to understand their emergence and function. Major airports anchor significant concentrations of employment which average one-third to one-half the size of the respective CBDs, depending upon the operationalization, while 80% of the airports anchor employment agglomerations. Airport cities are anchored by airports but not driven by aviation. The relationship between spatial form and economic function suggests that need for airport access determines the location of transportation-providing employment while spatial employment filtering, based on urban land costs and agglomeration benefits, are responsible for the presence of transportation-supporting and transportation-using employment, such as producer services.
    Keywords: L93 - Air Transportation, O18 - Regional, Urban, and Rural Analyses, R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Econometric modelling of the regional knowledge production function in Europe (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-10-14
    Description: By adopting a semiparametric approach, the ‘traditional’ regional knowledge production function is developed in three complementary directions. First, the model is augmented with region-specific time trends to account for endogeneity due to selection on unobservables . Second, the nonparametric part of the model relaxes the standard assumptions of linearity and additivity regarding the effect of R&D and human capital. Finally, the assumption of homogeneity in the effects of R&D and human capital is also relaxed by explicitly accounting for the differences between developed and lagging regions. The analysis of the genesis of innovation in the regions of the European Union unveils nonlinearities, threshold effects, complex interactions and shadow effects that cannot be uncovered by standard parametric formulations.
    Keywords: C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods, C23 - Models with Panel Data, O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D, R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Financial networks and the globalization of transnational corporations: the case of educational services (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-14
    Description: In this article, I advance understandings of the intersection between financial and educational services from an economic geographical perspective by examining the importance of financial networks in shaping the internationalization activities of for-profit business education service firms. By combining relational approaches to the globalization of transnational corporations (TNCs) with work on monetary networks I argue that extra-firm networks with financial services are an important element in understanding how, where and why business education service firms internationalize. Theoretically, this argument responds to calls for firm finances to be more fully incorporated into understandings of wider economic geographies and, in particular, addresses the neglect of finance in extant understandings of the internationalization of TNCs. Empirically, I position educational services as an overlooked business services sector that deserves greater attention within economic geography.
    Keywords: G20 - General, I22 - Educational Finance, L80 - General
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Strategic nodes in investment fund global production networks: The example of the financial centre Luxembourg (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-20
    Description: The patterns and dynamics of contemporary financial capitalism are mirrored in micro-production structures of finance in international financial centres (IFCs). Applying the global production network framework allows for analyses of these structures in greater detail, better illuminating the industry’s organization, its locally anchored professional practices, and the far-reaching power relationships between IFCs. The example of the IFC Luxembourg, the world’s largest cross-border investment fund centre, shows that, in particular, advanced business services firms facilitate the global reach of investment funds (i) in their close collaboration with both local and global financial corporations, and (ii) in their exploitation of localized arbitrage assets.
    Keywords: G23 - Pension Funds ; Other Private Financial Institutions, L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure, L80 - General
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Defining clusters of related industries (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-02-04
    Description: Clusters are geographic concentrations of industries related by knowledge, skills, inputs, demand and/or other linkages. There is an increasing need for cluster-based data to support research, facilitate comparisons of clusters across regions and support policymakers in defining regional strategies. This article develops a novel clustering algorithm that systematically generates and assesses sets of cluster definitions (i.e., groups of closely related industries). We implement the algorithm using 2009 data for U.S. industries (six-digit NAICS), and propose a new set of benchmark cluster definitions that incorporates measures of inter-industry linkages based on co-location patterns, input–output links, and similarities in labor occupations. We also illustrate the algorithm’s ability to compare alternative sets of cluster definitions by evaluating our new set against existing sets in the literature. We find that our proposed set outperforms other methods in capturing a wide range of inter-industry linkages, including the grouping of industries within the same three-digit NAICS.
    Keywords: C38-Classification Methods ; Cluster Analysis ; Factor Models
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Evidence on immigrants assimilation into recipient labour markets using UK longitudinal data between 1981 and 2006 (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-18
    Description: How well do immigrants entering the UK assimilate into recipient labour markets? Using the underexploited, sizeable and long Lifetime Labour Market Database between 1981 and 2006, we investigate the evolution of the immigrant–native earnings gap—a measure of immigrants’ assimilation—across the entire earnings distribution, across cohorts and across nationalities. We are able to control for observable and unobservable individual-specific characteristics as well as for specific characteristics of both time periods and recipient labour markets, defined as small geographical areas, and crucially, for the interaction of the two, in a robust empirical model specification anchored in the human capital theory. We also control for cohort-specific effects and nationality-specific effects. Our results show little evidence of large or persistent earnings disparities across the earnings distribution, across cohorts or across nationalities. These findings are supportive evidence of successful assimilation of immigrants into the UK, suggesting that recipient labour markets primarily reward individuals’ characteristics other than, and regardless of, their immigration status. Nevertheless, some distinctive features emerge. When investigating the evolution of the immigrant–native earnings gap over time, our results illustrate how immigrants from different continents and cohorts have very different assimilation trajectories.
    Keywords: F22 - International Migration, J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials, J71 - Discrimination
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Everyday family experiences of the financial crisis: getting by in the recent economic recession (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-19
    Description: Literature within economic geography on the financialisation of everyday life has so far overlooked the role of family. Using data collected from ethnographic research with six families in the UK before and during the recent financial crisis, this article argues the case for using family as a lens through which to conceptualise everyday experiences of recession and finance. The findings highlight interpersonal family relationships, inter- and intra-generationality, gender responsibilities, reciprocity, shared experiences and memories as essential to conceptualising how people get by in times of financial crisis and relate to finance in everyday life. The conclusions outline the key contributions of the article to literatures on geographies of finance and family.
    Keywords: H31 - Household, I30 - General, Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    The geography of learning: Ferrari gestione sportiva 1929-2008 (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-19
    Description: This article considers the mechanisms that permit and enhance the movement of highly tacit component (technical) knowledge and geographically sticky architectural knowledge across borders and between clusters and firms. We address a number of critical research questions that relate to intra- and inter-locational knowledge transfer. We use a theory-driven, longitudinal, single case study to develop a conceptual framework to examine and describe how shifting the geography of knowledge sourcing can facilitate architectural change by following the transformation of one business unit within a specialist global organization through a series of evolutionary steps that involved internalizing new component knowledge from other firms and locations, transforming the company’s architectural knowledge through various transactions with firms and individuals from a foreign cluster, and eventually radically transforming the concept of the firm and its focus. We close by generalizing this model to address the fundamental processes of the spatial aspects of organizational learning.
    Keywords: O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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