ALBERT

Description: The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon is one of the most precisely measured quantities in experimental particle physics. Its latest measurement at Brookhaven National Laboratory deviates from the Standard Model expectation by approximately 3.5 standard deviations. The goal of the new experiment, E989, now under construction at Fermilab, is a fourfold improvement in precision. Here, we discuss the details of the future measurement and its current status.

Description: The existing fundamental equation for ethanol demonstrates undesirable behavior in several areas and especially in the critical region. In addition, new experimental data have become available in the open literature since the publication of the current correlation. The development of a new fundamental equation for ethanol, in the form of Helmholtz energy as a function of temperature and density, is presented. New, nonlinear fitting techniques, along with the new experimental data, are shown to improve the behavior of the fundamental equation. Ancillary equations are developed, including equations for vapor pressure, saturated liquid density, saturated vapor density, and ideal gas heat capacity. Both the fundamental and ancillary equations are compared to experimental data. The fundamental equation can compute densities to within ±0.2%, heat capacities to within ±1%–2%, and speed of sound to within ±1%. Values of the vapor pressure and saturated vapor densities are represented to within ±1% at temperatures of 300 K and above, while saturated liquid densities are represented to within ±0.3% at temperatures of 200 K and above. The uncertainty of all properties is higher in the critical region and near the triple point. The equation is valid for pressures up to 280 MPa and temperatures from 160 to 650 K.

Description: This paper contains new, representative reference equations for the viscosity of toluene. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that have been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. The correlations are valid from the triple point (178.0 K) to 675 K, and at pressures up to 500 MPa. The estimated uncertainty at a 95% confidence level varies depending on the region of temperature and pressure from a low of 0.3% for the low-density gas at temperatures from 305 to 640 K at pressures to 0.3 MPa (essentially the uncertainty of the best experimental data) to 0.7% for the saturated liquid at temperatures from 263 to 373 K, to 5% for the low-temperature liquid from 187 to 210 K at pressures to 15 MPa.

Description: A compendium of phase change enthalpies published in 2010 is updated to include the period 1880–2015. Phase change enthalpies including fusion, vaporization, and sublimation enthalpies are included for organic, organometallic, and a few inorganic compounds. Part 1 of this compendium includes organic compounds from C 1 to C 10 . Part 2 of this compendium, to be published separately, will include organic and organometallic compounds from C 11 to C 192 . Sufficient data are presently available to permit thermodynamic cycles to be constructed as an independent means of evaluating the reliability of the data. Temperature adjustments of phase change enthalpies from the temperature of measurement to the standard reference temperature, T = 298.15 K, and a protocol for doing so are briefly discussed.

Description: The current situation in studies of lifetimes of excited rovibronic levels for the H 2 , D 2 , T 2 , HD, HT, and DT molecules is analyzed. All measured lifetime values (792 entries for 618 different vibro-rotational levels of 33 electronic states) reported in 61 publications before April 2015 are compiled and listed in tabular format together with an annotated bibliography. Experimental data are only available for the H 2 , HD, and D 2 molecules. The data collected in the present work show fragmentariness of experimental data. For the vast majority of the levels, the lifetime values were reported in one paper only and up to now are without independent experimental verification. A complete bibliography of publications concerning semiempirical determination and nonempirical calculations of the lifetimes is presented. Numerical results obtained in the framework of these two approaches are listed only in cases when experimental data are available. For more than half of the levels, the differences between measured and calculated values are three times higher than experimental errors. These discrepancies show necessity of more precise experimental and nonempirical studies. For some 79 rovibronic levels, our analysis makes it possible to propose certain set of recommended lifetime values.

Description: An additional value of the Avogadro constant was obtained by counting the atoms in isotopically enriched Si spheres. With respect to the previous determination, the spheres were etched and repolished to eliminate metal contaminations and to improve the roundness. In addition, all the input quantities—molar mass, lattice parameter, mass, and volume—were remeasured aiming at a smaller uncertainty. In order to make the values given in Andreas et al. [Metrologia 48 , S1 (2011)] and Azuma et al. [Metrologia 52 , 360 (2015)] usable for a least squares adjustment, we report about the estimate of their correlation.

Description: This paper contains new, representative reference equations for the viscosity of benzene. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that has been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. The correlation is valid from the triple point (278.647 K) to 675 K, and at pressures up to 300 MPa, with the exception of temperatures lower than 350 K where the pressure is restricted to 200 MPa. For the liquid phase, at temperatures from 288 to 373 K at pressures up to 80 MPa, we estimate the uncertainty (at a 95% confidence level) to be 1.8%, increasing to 3.4% at 200 MPa, and 5% at pressures up to the correlation maximum. For the liquid at temperatures from 373 to 523 K, the uncertainty is 2.7% at pressures from saturation to 50 MPa, rising to 3.6% at 300 MPa. For temperatures above 523 K, we estimate the uncertainty in the liquid phase to be 5%. The uncertainty for the low-density fluid phase at temperatures from 305 to 640 K and pressures to 0.3 MPa is estimated to be 0.2%.

Description: This paper contains new, representative reference equations for the thermal conductivity of o- xylene, m -xylene, p -xylene, and ethylbenzene. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that has been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. In the case of the dilute-gas thermal conductivity, a theoretically based correlation was adopted in order to extend the temperature range of the experimental data. Moreover, in the critical region, the experimentally observed enhancement of the thermal conductivity is well represented by theoretically based equations containing just one adjustable parameter. All four correlations are applicable for the temperature range from the triple point of each fluid to 700 K, and an upper pressure limit determined by the maximum density limit for the equation of state used to provide density. At the upper temperature limit of 700 K, the maximum pressure was 200 MPa for m -xylene and p -xylene, but 60 and 70 MPa for ethylbenzene and o -xylene, respectively. At lower temperatures, the maximum pressure is lower. The overall uncertainty (at the 95% confidence level) of the correlations of the thermal conductivity of o- , m -, p -xylene, and ethylbenzene, over their range of applicability, varies for each fluid. For o -xylene, we estimate the uncertainty for liquid and supercritical densities for temperatures from the triple point to 400 K to be 2.6%, and 4% at higher temperatures, and in the dilute-gas region we estimate the uncertainty to be 2%. For m -xylene, the estimated uncertainty for liquid and supercritical densities at temperatures from the triple point to 375 K is 3.6%, and 5% at higher temperatures, and 6% for the dilute gas. For p -xylene, the estimated uncertainty for liquid and supercritical densities at temperatures from the triple point to 700 K is 3.6%, and 2.5% for the dilute gas. Finally, for ethylbenzene the estimated uncertainty for liquid and supercritical densities at temperatures from the triple point to 400 K is 2.8%, and 2.5% in the dilute-gas region. Uncertainties in the critical region for all four fluids are much larger, since the thermal conductivity approaches infinity at the critical point and is very sensitive to small changes in density.

Description: A review of literature on enthalpies of formation and molar entropies for alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, hydroperoxides, and their associated radicals has been compiled and critically evaluated. By comparing literature values, the overall uncertainty in thermochemical properties of small hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons can be highlighted. In general, there is good agreement between heat of formation values in the literature for stable species; however, there is greater uncertainty in the values for radical species and for molar entropy values. Updated values for a group-additivity method for the estimation of thermochemical properties based on the evaluated literature data are proposed. The new values can be used to estimate thermochemical data for larger, combustion-relevant species for which no calculations or measurements currently exist, with increased confidence.

Description: This paper contains new, representative reference equations for the viscosity of benzene. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that has been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. The correlation is valid from the triple point (278.647 K) to 675 K, and at pressures up to 300 MPa, with the exception of temperatures lower than 350 K where the pressure is restricted to 200 MPa. For the liquid phase, at temperatures from 288 to 373 K at pressures up to 80 MPa, we estimate the uncertainty (at a 95% confidence level) to be 1.8%, increasing to 3.4% at 200 MPa, and 5% at pressures up to the correlation maximum. For the liquid at temperatures from 373 to 523 K, the uncertainty is 2.7% at pressures from saturation to 50 MPa, rising to 3.6% at 300 MPa. For temperatures above 523 K, we estimate the uncertainty in the liquid phase to be 5%. The uncertainty for the low-density fluid phase at temperatures from 305 to 640 K and pressures to 0.3 MPa is estimated to be 0.2%.