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  • Articles  (47)
  • 2010-2014  (42)
  • 1980-1984  (5)
  • 1920-1924
  • Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems (G3)  (10)
  • Journal of the American Ceramic Society  (10)
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  • 1
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    Low-Temperature Sintering of β-Spodumene Ceramics Using Li2O–GeO2 as a Sintering Additive (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-06
    Description: Low-temperature sintering of β-spodumene ceramics with low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) was attained using Li 2 O – GeO 2 sintering additive. Single-phase β-spodumene ceramics could be synthesized by heat treatment at 1000°C using highly pure and fine amorphous silica, α-alumina, and lithium carbonate powders mixture via the solid-state reaction route. The mixture was calcined at 950°C, finely pulverized, compacted, and finally sintered with or without the sintering additive at 800°C–1400°C for 2 h. The relative density reached 98% for the sample sintered with 3 mass% Li 2 O – GeO 2 additive at 1000°C. Its Young's modulus was 167 GPa and flexural strength was 115 MPa. Its CTE (from R.T. to 800°C) was 0.7 × 10 −6  K −1 and dielectric constant was 6.8 with loss tangent of 0.9% at 5 MHz. These properties were excellent or comparative compared with those previously reported for the samples sintered at around 1300°C–1400°C via melt-quenching routes. As a result, β-spodumene ceramics with single phase and sufficient properties were obtained at about 300°C lower sintering temperature by adding Li 2 O – GeO 2 sintering additive via the conventional solid-state reaction route. These results suggest that β-spodumene ceramics sintered with Li 2 O – GeO 2 sintering additive has a potential use as LTCC for multichip modules.
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
    Electronic ISSN: 1551-2916
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 2
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    Slumping and mass transport deposition in the Nankai fore arc: Evidence from IODP drilling and 3-D reflection seismic data (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-05-11
    Description: Multiple lines of evidence exist for a range of sediment mass movement processes within the shallow megasplay fault zone (MSFZ) area and the adjacent slope basin in the outer fore arc of the Nankai subduction zone, Japan. Diagnostic features observed in three-dimensional reflection seismic data and in cores of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) document a multifarious mass movement history spanning ∼2.87 million years. Various modes and scales of sediment remobilization can be related to the different morphotectonic settings in which they occurred. From this evidence, we decipher the tectonic control on slumping and mass transport deposition in the Nankai fore arc. Three periods of intensified mass wasting coincided with pulses of enhanced activity on the splay fault: (1) an initial phase of juvenile out-of-sequence thrusting ∼1.95 to 1.7 Ma, (2) a reactivation phase between ∼1.55 and 1.24 Ma, and (3) at about 1 Ma, during a phase of uplift of the fore-arc high and motion along the MSFZ. We suggest that slope oversteepening, extensional stress regimes, and lateral transmission of fluid overpressures may have preconditioned the slope sediments to fail. Individual mass-wasting events may have been triggered by dynamic loading from earthquake waves and/or transient pulses of pore pressure along the splay fault. Overall, our results provide insights into the complicated interplay between tectonic and submarine mass movement processes. We demonstrate that detailed knowledge about the spatial and temporal distribution of submarine mass movements can be integrated into a holistic reconstruction of tectonostratigraphic evolution of accretionary margins.
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-2027
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 3
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    Two-Dimensional Orientation in Bi4Ti3O12 Prepared Using Platelet Particles and a Magnetic Field (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-03-01
    Description: Tailoring the crystallographic orientation in piezoelectric ceramics is very useful for improving their properties. Orientation in ceramics can be controlled by templated grain growth, hot forging, etc. We have focused on using a strong magnetic field for the crystallographic orientation even in diamagnetic ceramics. In a previous study, although only a one-directional orientation could be controlled by these methods, it was difficult to control the multi-axis orientation in the ceramics. In this study, we demonstrated that alignments of the c -axis and the 〈100〉 axis in Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 piezoelectric ceramics were controlled by using a strong magnetic field as well as platelet particles. We also estimated the degree of orientation by an electron back scattering diffraction analysis. When the magnetic field was applied to the platelet particles, appropriately 80% of the grains were aligned with the tilt angle made by the c -axis and the vertical direction less than 10° and 73% of grains were oriented with the angle between the 〈100〉 axis and the magnetic field less than 10°.
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
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    Preparation of Platelike NaNbO3 Particles by Single-Step Molten Salt Synthesis (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-04-15
    Description: This article reports single-step molten salt synthesis to prepare single-crystal, platelike NaNbO 3 particles without the Bi 2 O 3 byproduct. In the previous method of two-step molten salt synthesis, platelike Bi 2.5 Na 3.5 Nb 5 O 18 particles have been prepared by heating a mixture of Bi 2 O 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , and Nb 2 O 5 in molten NaCl ; the particles are then converted to platelike NaNbO 3 particles by reaction with Na 2 CO 3 in molten NaCl . The obtained NaNbO 3 particles are polycrystalline, and Bi 2 O 3 particles form as a byproduct. In the present method, single-crystal, platelike NaNbO 3 particles without the Bi 2 O 3 byproduct are obtained by heating mixtures of Bi 2 O 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , and Nb 2 O 5 with molar ratios of 5:7:10 (the composition of Bi 2.5 Na 3.5 Nb 5 O 18 ) and 5:5:8 (the composition of Bi 2.5 Na 2.5 Nb 4 O 15 ) in molten NaCl at 1225°C for 12 h. During heating, platelike Aurivillius ( Bi 2.5 Na 3.5 Nb 5 O 18 and Bi 2.5 Na 2.5 Nb 4 O 15 ) particles are formed first and these then react with NaCl to form platelike NaNbO 3 particles, BiCl 3 , and Na 2 O . BiCl 3 evaporates from the system and Na 2 O is washed out after heating. Thus, single-phase NaNbO 3 is obtained. Sluggish conversion from the Aurivillius phases to NaNbO 3 is responsible for the formation of single-crystal particles.
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 5
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    Variety and origin of magmas on Shatsky Rise, northwest Pacific Ocean (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-08-18
    Description: Shatsky Rise consists of thick (∼30 km maximum) basaltic crust with various geochemical compositions. Geochemistry data indicate that four magma types exist on the plateau; namely normal, low-Ti, high-Nb, and U1349 types. The normal type is the most abundant in volume and appears on all three large edifices of the plateau: Tamu, Ori, and Shirshov massifs. Composition of the normal type is similar to normal mid-ocean ridge basalt (N-MORB) composition, but with slight relative enrichment of the more incompatible elements. The low-Ti type is distinguished from the normal type basalt by slightly lower Ti content at a given MgO. Composition of the high-Nb type is characterized by distinctively high contents of incompatible trace elements. U1349 type basalts are composed of more primitive and depleted compositions compared with the others. The normal type basalts constitute ∼94% of the lava units of the oldest Tamu Massif and non-normal types (i.e., the other three types) basalts comprise ∼57% on the younger Ori Massif, implying that geochemical compositions may have become heterogeneous with time. Petrological examination demonstrates that compositions of the normal-, low-Ti-, and high-Nb-type basalts evolved through fractional crystallization of olivine, plagioclase, and augite in shallow magma chambers (
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-2027
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 6
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    Tailoring of Grain Size in Textured CaBi4Ti4O15 Ceramics Prepared by Templated Grain Growth Process (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-08-18
    Description: To examine the effect of grain size on piezoelectric constant d 33 , textured CaBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 (CBT) and Mn -doped CBT ceramics were prepared with a special emphasis on the control of the grain size. The textured ceramics were prepared using the templated grain growth method. First, the mechanism of microstructure development was examined to design the method to control the grain size. It was found that the morphological change in the matrix grains in the presence of platelike template grains was the major origin of microstructure development. This suggested that the grain size in textured ceramics was determined by the template grain size. Then, textured ceramics with various grain sizes were prepared using template powders with various grain sizes. Finally, the effect of grain size on the value of d 33 was evaluated. It was found that the grain size had a small effect on the value of d 33 for textured CBT and Mn -doped CBT ceramics.
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  • 7
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    Sources and physicochemical characteristics of fluids along a subduction-zone megathrust: A geochemical approach using syn-tectonic mineral veins in the Mugi mélange, Shimanto accretionary complex (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-07-12
    Description: The Mugi mélange in the Shimanto accretionary complex, southwest Japan, records faulting and fluid flow patterns at the updip limit of the seismogenic region of the Nankai subduction zone. To characterize the origin and behavior of syn-tectonic fluids, we investigated the carbon, oxygen, and strontium isotopic compositions, and rare earth element (REE) patterns of syn-tectonic calcite within veins along fault zones in the mélange, as well as the Sr isotopic compositions and REE patterns of surrounding host rocks. With the exception of intra-basalt veins formed prior to subduction, the δ13C values of veins range from −10‰ to −19‰, suggesting a mixed carbon source (i.e., marine carbonate and organic matter). The vein-forming fluids have positive oxygen isotopic compositions (+2‰ to +9‰ (SMOW)) and high 87Sr/86Sr values (0.70794–0.70850), suggesting that the source was rock-buffered fluids affected both by terrigenous sediments and altered oceanic crust. The veins found in filling the fault zone associated with tectonic underplating have different REE patterns to those of the other veins, implying a difference in physicochemical processes affecting the fault zone near the subduction megathrust.
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-2027
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 8
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    Spatial and temporal evolution of the megasplay fault in the Nankai Trough (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-03-23
    Description: The temporal and spatial evolution of a seismogenic megasplay fault in the Kumano area, Nankai Trough (southwest Japan), is revealed by detailed investigation of the three-dimensional structure of the shallow portions of the fault, combined with the results of drilling and dating of cores from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 316. The ENE striking eastern portion of the splay fault has remained active since the inception of faulting at ∼1.95 Ma. The recent shortening rate is ∼1 m/kyr, which represents ∼1.5%–2.5% of the total plate convergence rate of ∼40–65 m/kyr. The NE striking western portion of the splay fault exhibits a different mode of activity. Early stage activity (before 1.55 Ma) was similar to the eastern portion, but the fault was inactive between 1.55 and 1.24 Ma. The fault was reactivated for a short time at ∼1.24 Ma but again ceased activity after formation of the secondary branch and has been inactive since 1.24 Ma. Cessation of splay fault activity in the western domain after 1.55 Ma may be due to collision with a seamount and resulting bending of the accretionary prism in the splay fault footwall. Continuous activity of the eastern domain of the splay fault after 1.24 Ma may be related to geometrical favorability due to reorientation of the fault after the seamount passed beneath the imbricate thrust zone, leading to initiation of slightly oblique subduction.
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-2027
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 9
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    Geochemical characteristics and origin of the HIMU reservoir: A possible mantle plume source in the lower mantle (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-02-26
    Description: Combined Pb-Sr-Nd-Hf-Os isotopes, together with major and trace element compositions, were determined from clinopyroxene and olivine phenocrysts, along with whole rocks, for ocean island basalts with high μ (μ = 238U/204Pb) (HIMU) and enriched mantle isotopic characteristics from Cook-Austral Islands. Clinopyroxene and olivine separates record reliable isotopic information of the sources because of minimized in situ radiogenic ingrowth and their lower susceptibility to crustal contamination. Coherent isotopic systematics in multi-isotope spaces defined by the HIMU samples are best explained by recent mixing of melts derived from the HIMU reservoir and the local shallow mantle. The isotopic compositions of the HIMU reservoir are constrained to be low $\varepsilon$Nd (≤+4), low $\varepsilon$Hf (≤+3), and moderately radiogenic 187Os/188Os (0.14–0.15) in association with radiogenic Pb isotopes (206Pb/204Pb ≥ 21.5). Since ancient oceanic crust would have had exceptionally radiogenic 187Os/188Os, moderately high 187Os/188Os precludes recycled oceanic crust as the only contributor to the HIMU reservoir. Instead, mantle metasomatized with partial melts from subducted oceanic crust is a likely candidate for the HIMU reservoir. Moreover, partial melting of oceanic crust in equilibrium with Mg perovskite would fractionate U/Pb, Sm/Nd, and Lu/Hf, which are in accordance with the time-integrated U/Pb, Sm/Nd, and Lu/Hf deduced from Pb, Nd, and Hf isotopic compositions of the HIMU reservoir, respectively, with a formation age of 2–3 Ga. We thus propose that the HIMU reservoir was formed by hybridization of a subducted oceanic crust-derived melt with the ambient mantle and then stored for several billion years in the lower mantle.
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-2027
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 10
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    Low-Temperature Sintering of High-Strength β-Eucryptite Ceramics with Low Thermal Expansion Using Li2O–GeO2 as a Sintering Additive (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-19
    Description: Low-temperature sintering of high-strength β-eucryptite ceramics with low positive coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) was attained using Li 2 O–GeO 2 sintering additive. High-purity β-eucryptite could be synthesized using high-purity and fine amorphous silica, α-alumina, and lithium carbonate powder mixture at 950°C via the solid-state reaction route. Accordingly, the mixture was calcined at 900°C, pulverized, compacted, and sintered at 1020°C for 2 h with the sintering additive. The sintering temperature could be lowered by about 300°C, compared with the sintering temperature previously reported. The relative density of the sintered sample reached 99% of true density. Its flexural strength and indentation fracture toughness were 214 MPa and 2.5 MPa·m 1/2 , respectively. Its CTE (from room temperature to 800°C) was 1.2 × 10 –6 /K. Its dielectric constant was 5.5 with a loss tangent of 7.5 × 10 –3 . However, prolonged sintering time resulted in large negative CTE and mechanical weakness in the sintered samples. Microcracks were introduced with prolonged sintering time, which caused their large negative CTE with mechanical weakness.
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
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