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  • 2010-2014  (600)
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  • 1
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    P-V-T relations of {gamma}-Ca3(PO4)2 tuite determined by in situ X-ray diffraction in a large-volume high-pressure apparatus (2013)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-02
    Description: Tuite, -Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , is regarded as an important phosphate mineral in the deep mantle playing a crucial role as a host for rare earth elements, large ion lithophile elements, and phosphorus. In this study we report the thermoelastic properties of synthetic -Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 at simultaneously high pressures and temperatures of up to 35.4 GPa and 1300 K, respectively, as determined by means of in situ energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction in a large-volume multi-anvil apparatus. The pressure-volume-temperature data obtained for -Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 were fitted by the high-temperature Birch-Murnaghan equation of state to yield V 0 = 447.4(4) Å 3 , K T0 = 100.8(18) GPa, K ' T0 = 5.74(13), ( K T / T ) P = –0.020(1) GPa/K, and α T = 3.26(18) x 10 –5 + 1.76(24) x 10 –8 T . In addition, fitting the present data to the Mie-Grüneisen-Debye equation of state gives 0 = 1.35(6), 0 = 944(136) K, and q = 0.37(29). Based on the thermoelastic properties obtained in our study, the density profiles of -Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 tuite along typical cold and hot slab geotherms were calculated and are compared with those of the coexisting silicate minerals in subducting mid-ocean ridge basalt.
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of America
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  • 2
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    Forced second-order consensus in directed networks with time delays (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-18
    Description: This paper investigates the forced second-order consensus problem in directed networks with time delays. First, a general forced consensus protocol is studied and some sufficient and necessary conditions on control parameters are obtained to guarantee the forced consensus; based on these conditions, several convenient methods for choosing parameters are provided. Then, by analysing the poles of the closed-loop system, the delay sensitivity of the protocol is investigated. The maximal upper bound of the allowable delays is provided. Simulation examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
    Print ISSN: 0265-0754
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-6887
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Phonons of the anomalous element cerium [Geology] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-08
    Description: Many physical and chemical properties of the light rare-earths and actinides are governed by the active role of f electrons, and despite intensive efforts the details of the mechanisms of phase stability and transformation are not fully understood. A prominent example which has attracted a lot of interest, both experimentally and theoretically over the years is the isostructural γ - α transition in cerium. We have determined by inelastic X-ray scattering, the complete phonon dispersion scheme of elemental cerium across the γ → α transition, and compared it with theoretical results using ab initio lattice dynamics. Several phonon branches show strong changes in the dispersion shape, indicating large modifications in the interactions between phonons and conduction electrons. This is reflected as well by the lattice Grüneisen parameters, particularly around the X point. We derive a vibrational entropy change , illustrating the importance of the lattice contribution to the transition. Additionally, we compare first principles calculations with the experiments to shed light on the mechanism underlying the isostructural volume collapse in cerium under pressure.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    Linkage maps from multiple genetic crosses and loci linked to growth-related virulent phenotype in Plasmodium yoelii [Microbiology] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-03
    Description: Plasmodium yoelii is an excellent model for studying malaria pathogenesis that is often intractable to investigate using human parasites; however, genetic studies of the parasite have been hindered by lack of genome-wide linkage resources. Here, we performed 14 genetic crosses between three pairs of P. yoelii clones/subspecies, isolated 75 independent recombinant progeny from the crosses, and constructed a high-resolution linkage map for this parasite. Microsatellite genotypes from the progeny formed 14 linkage groups belonging to the 14 parasite chromosomes, allowing assignment of sequence contigs to chromosomes. Growth-related virulent phenotypes from 25 progeny of one of the crosses were significantly associated with a major locus on chromosome 13 and with two secondary loci on chromosomes 7 and 10. The chromosome 10 and 13 loci are both linked to day 5 parasitemia, and their effects on parasite growth rate are independent but additive. The locus on chromosome 7 is associated with day 10 parasitemia. The chromosome 13 locus spans ∼220 kb of DNA containing 51 predicted genes, including the P. yoelii erythrocyte binding ligand, in which a C741Y substitution in the R6 domain is implicated in the change of growth rate. Similarly, the chromosome 10 locus spans ∼234 kb with 71 candidate genes, containing a member of the 235-kDa rhoptry proteins (Py235) that can bind to the erythrocyte surface membrane. Atypical virulent phenotypes among the progeny were also observed. This study provides critical tools and information for genetic investigations of virulence and biology of P. yoelii.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 5
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    Optical Control of Surface Anchoring and Reorientation of Liquid Crystals via a Plasmon-Enhanced Local Field (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-03
    Description: Author(s): J. Shan, W. Shi, L. Y. Liu, Y. R. Shen, and L. Xu Gold nanoparticles deposited on the windows of a liquid crystal (LC) cell were found to be able to reduce the surface anchoring energy of the LC, and hence the threshold for its reorientation phase transition, by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude when a cw pump light was used to excite the local plasmon re... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 147801] Published Tue Oct 02, 2012
    Keywords: Soft Matter, Biological, and Interdisciplinary Physics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 6
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    Investigating landslide-related cracks along the edge of two loess platforms in NW China (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-04-15
    Description: Cracks are widely developed along the edge of loess platforms in NW China. Field surveys reveal that these cracks can be grouped into shallow and deeply penetrating ones. The former occur at a small distance from platform edge, normally penetrate into the top unsaturated loess with the penetration depth being controlled by the joints in loess. The latter penetrate deeper into the saturated loess farther away from the platform edge. These cracks control the inflow and drainage of irrigation water. The shallow penetrating crack can fail as a slide or fall with a volume of up to hundreds of cubic meters. The deeply penetrating crack can fail as a flow-like landslide with a volume of thousands of cubic meters or more. A full-scale field test simulating irrigation on the platform surface was conducted. The two types of crack can be interconnected so that the water applied in the test finally flowed into the deep crack and was discharged from the platform. Analysis of soil stress states and the results of field test show that the deeply-penetrating cracks could have both positive as well as negative effects on slope stability. On the one hand, water can flow more freely in the cracks, and the loess could be saturated and triggered landslide. On the other hand, the water can drain more easily along the crack and slope stability could be enhanced as the groundwater level is suppressed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0197-9337
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-9837
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
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    The novel BH-3 mimetic apogossypolone induces Beclin-1- and ROS-mediated autophagy in human hepatocellular cells (2013)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-08
    Description: The novel BH-3 mimetic apogossypolone induces Beclin-1- and ROS-mediated autophagy in human hepatocellular cells Cell Death and Disease 4, e489 (February 2013). doi:10.1038/cddis.2013.17 Authors: P Cheng, Z Ni, X Dai, B Wang, W Ding, A Rae Smith, L Xu, D Wu, F He & J Lian
    Keywords: ApoG2ROSautophagyHCC
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 8
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    Genome-wide association study identifies novel loci associated with serum level of vitamin B12 in Chinese men (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-11
    Description: Vitamin B12 (VitB12 or cobalamin) is an essential cofactor in several metabolic pathways. Clinically, VitB12 deficiency is associated with pernicious anemia, neurodegenerative disorder, cardiovascular disease and gastrointestinal disease. Although previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified several genes, including FUT2 , CUBN , TCN1 and MUT , that may influence VitB12 levels in European populations, common genetic determinants of VitB12 remain largely unknown, especially in Asian populations. Here we performed a GWAS in 1999 healthy Chinese men and replicated the top findings in an independent Chinese sample with 1496 subjects. We identified four novel genomic loci that were significantly associated with serum level of VitB12 at a genome-wide significance level of 5.00 x 10 –8 . These four loci were MS4A3 (11q12.1; rs2298585; P = 2.64 x 10 –15 ), CLYBL (13q32; rs41281112; P = 9.23 x 10 –10 ), FUT6 (19p13.3; rs3760776; P = 3.68 x 10 –13 ) and 5q32 region (rs10515552; P = 3.94 x 10 –8 ). In addition, we also confirmed the association with the serum level of VitB12 for the previously reported FUT2 gene and identified one novel non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism in FUT2 gene in this Chinese population (19q13.33; rs1047781; P = 3.62 x 10 –36 ). The new loci identified offer new insights into the biochemical pathways involved in determining the serum level of VitB12 and provide opportunities to better delineate the role of VitB12 in health and disease.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    An Early Mesozoic transcontinental palaeoriver in South China: evidence from detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotopes (2012)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-12
    Description: Detrital zircon geochronology reveals that Late Triassic–Early Jurassic fluvial sandstones from the major basins of the South China Craton have similar age patterns and define four populations at 2.6–2.4 Ga, 2.0–1.7 Ga, 850–700 Ma and 480–210 Ma. The late Palaeoproterozoic group is predominant in all of the five samples, and yielded remarkable age peaks at c . 1.85 Ga. These zircons have Hf (t) values between –22.5 and +3.6, suggesting derivation from reworked Archaean crust and minor juvenile crustal additions in the late Palaeoproterozoic. These characteristics differ from those of the Yangtze Block but correlate well with those of samples from the eastern Cathaysia Block. Palaeocurrent analysis of the Early Mesozoic sandstones shows predominant west- and NW-directed palaeoflows, supporting derivation of the sediments from the Cathaysia Block. The remarkable similarities in provenance signatures and spatial changes of lithofacies of the Triassic–Jurassic around the South China Craton delineate an east–west-trending sedimentary zone extending from Korea to West China. Accumulation of these sediments was probably related to the development of an active continental margin produced by westward subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific Plate. A c . 2000 km long westerly draining transcontinental palaeoriver probably had existed in the Early Mesozoic and fed the basins in Korea, South China and West China. Supplementary material: Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe and laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry zircon U–Th–Pb and Hf isotope data are available at www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18514 .
    Print ISSN: 0016-7649
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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  • 10
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    Brain-state-independent neural representation of peripheral stimulation in rat olfactory bulb [Neuroscience] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-23
    Description: It is critical for normal brains to perceive the external world precisely and accurately under ever-changing operational conditions, yet the mechanisms underlying this fundamental brain function in the sensory systems are poorly understood. To address this issue in the olfactory system, we investigated the responses of olfactory bulbs to odor stimulations under different brain states manipulated by anesthesia levels. Our results revealed that in two brain states, where the spontaneous baseline activities differed about twofold based on the local field potential (LFP) signals, the levels of neural activities reached after the same odor stimulation had no significant difference. This phenomenon was independent of anesthetics (pentobarbital or chloral hydrate), stimulating odorants (ethyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl valerate, amyl acetate, n-heptanal, or 2-heptanone), odor concentrations, and recording sites (the mitral or granular cell layers) for LFPs in three frequency bands (12–32 Hz, 33–64 Hz, and 65–90 Hz) and for multiunit activities. Furthermore, the activity patterns of the same stimulation under these two brain states were highly similar at both LFP and multiunit levels. These converging results argue the existence of mechanisms in the olfactory bulbs that ensure the delivery of peripheral olfactory information to higher olfactory centers with high fidelity under different brain states.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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