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Ocean Chlorophyll as a Precursor of ENSO: An Earth System Modeling Study (2018)

Park, Jong-Yeon ; Dunne, John P. ; Stock, Charles A.

American Geophysical Union

In: Geophysical Research Letters. 2018; 45(4): 1939-1947. Published 2018 Feb 26. doi: 10.1002/2017gl076077.

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Publication Date: 2018-02-26

Description: Ocean chlorophyll concentration, a proxy for phytoplankton, is strongly influenced by internal ocean dynamics such as those associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Observations show that ocean chlorophyll responses to ENSO generally lead sea surface temperature (SST) responses in the equatorial Pacific. A long-term global Earth system model simulation incorporating marine biogeochemical processes also exhibits a preceding chlorophyll response. In contrast to simulated SST anomalies, which significantly lag the wind-driven subsurface heat response to ENSO, chlorophyll anomalies respond rapidly. Iron was found to be the key factor connecting the simulated surface chlorophyll anomalies to the subsurface ocean response. Westerly wind bursts decrease central Pacific chlorophyll by reducing iron supply through wind-driven thermocline deepening but increase western Pacific chlorophyll by enhancing the influx of coastal iron from the maritime continent. Our results mechanistically support the potential for chlorophyll-based indices to inform seasonal ENSO forecasts beyond previously identified SST-based indices. ©2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

Print ISSN: 0094-8276

Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

Published by American Geophysical Union

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Aerosol Effects on Lightning Characteristics: A Comparison of Polluted and Clean Regimes (2020)

Liu, Y. ; Guha, A. ; Said, R. ; [et al.]

American Geophysical Union

In: Geophysical Research Letters. 2020; 47(9): Published 2020 Apr 30. doi: 10.1029/2019gl086825.

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Publication Date: 2020-04-30

Print ISSN: 0094-8276

Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

Published by American Geophysical Union

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Gamma Ray Signatures of Neutrons From a Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flash (2017)

Bowers, G. S. ; Smith, D. M. ; Martinez-McKinney, G. F. ; [et al.]

American Geophysical Union

In: Geophysical Research Letters. 2017; 44(19): 10063-1007. Published 2017 Oct 13. doi: 10.1002/2017gl075071.

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Publication Date: 2017-10-13

Description: Following a lightning strike to a wind turbine in Japan, we have observed a large burst of neutrons lasting 100 ms with a ground fluence of ~1,000 n cm−2, thousands of times greater than the peak neutron flux associated with the largest ground level solar particle event ever observed. This is the first detection of an unequivocal signature of neutrons from a terrestrial gamma ray flash, consisting of a 2.223 MeV gamma-ray spectral line from a neutron-capture on hydrogen reaction occurring in our detector, and is shown to be consistent with the production of 1012–1013 photoneutrons from a downward terrestrial gamma ray flash (TGF) at 1.0 km, with a gamma ray brightness typical of upward TGFs observed by satellites. ©2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

Print ISSN: 0094-8276

Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

Published by American Geophysical Union

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