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Accompanying ions of ammonium sources and nitrate : ammonium ratios in tomato plants (2018)

Rafael Ferreira Barreto, Flávio José Rodrigues Cruz, Lucas Aparecido Gaion, Renato de Mello Prado, Rogério Falleiros Carvalho

Wiley

In: Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science

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Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-14

Beschreibung: The tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivar Micro-Tom (MT) is widely used in physiological studies, but the effects of nitrate ( ) and ammonium ( ) ratios ( : ratios) and, in particular, the effects of the accompanying ions in sources are unknown. To determine whether the accompanying ions in sources influence toxicity, the effects of : ratios on the physiology, electrolyte leakage index, nutrition, and dry weight were studied using hydroponics. The sources were ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl) or ammonium sulfate [(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ], and five : ratios were used: 100 : 0, 75 : 25, 50 : 50, 25 : 75, and 0 : 100. The source was calcium nitrate [Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ], and the nitrogen (N) concentration was 15 mmol L −1 . The results indicate that NH 4 Cl or (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 can be used in studies on toxicity because the accompanying ions did not influence the tomato plants. In addition, : ratios of 100 : 0 and 75 : 25 resulted in the highest dry weight of tomato plants, whereas ratios of 25 : 75 or 0 : 100 were toxic.

Print ISSN: 1436-8730

Digitale ISSN: 1522-2624

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

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High K+ supply avoids Na+ toxicity and improves photosynthesis by allowing favorable K+ : Na+ ratios through the inhibition of Na+ uptake and transport to the shoots of Jatropha curcas plants (2013)

Cicera Raquel Fernandes Rodrigues, Evandro Nascimento Silva, Sérgio Luiz Ferreira-Silva, Eduardo Luiz Voigt, Ricardo Almeida Viégas, Joaquim Albenisio Gomes Silveira

Wiley

In: Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science

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Publikationsdatum: 2013-01-27

Beschreibung: This study assessed the relationships between external K + supply and K + : Na + ratios associated with Na + toxicity in Jatropha curcas. Plants were exposed to increasing external K + concentrations (6.25, 12.5, 25, 37.5, and 50 mM), combined with 50 mM NaCl in a nutrient solution. Photosynthesis progressively increased as the external K + : Na + ratios increased up to 0.75. The increase of photosynthesis and plant dry matter correlated positively with K + : Na + in xylem and leaves. The transport rates of K + and Na + from roots to xylem and leaves were inversely correlated. These ions presented an antagonistic pattern of accumulation in all organs. Maximum rates of photosynthesis and plant growth occurred with leaf K + : Na + ratios that ranged from 1.0 to 2.0, indicating that this parameter in leaves might be a good indicator for a favorable K + homeostasis under salinity conditions. The higher K + affinity and selectivity compared with Na + in all organs associated with higher xylem flux and transport to shoots are essential for maintaining adequate K + : Na + ratios at the whole-plant level. These characteristics, combined with adequate K + concentrations, allow J. curcas to sustain high rates of photosynthesis and growth even under toxic NaCl levels.

Print ISSN: 1436-8730

Digitale ISSN: 1522-2624

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

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Copper and temperature modify microbial communities, ammonium and sulfate release in soil (2015)

Rui Ferreira, Helena Gaspar, Juan M. Gonzalez, Maria I. Clara, Margarida M. Santana

Wiley

In: Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-10-31

Beschreibung: Recent studies suggest an important role of thermophilic bacterial communities of the Phylum Firmicutes on soil C, N and S cycling, and a positive effect on crop productivity through the production of sulfate (SO ) and ammonium (NH ), essential plant nutrients. Copper (Cu) is commonly supplemented to soils as a fungicide in phytosanitary treatments although its consequences to the bacterial communities is frequently overlooked. Herein, we report on the influence of temperature and Cu on the microbial communities, namely those of the Phylum Firmicutes, from a soil collected at an olive orchard in S Portugal. Community fingerprints and band identification through sequencing was combined with measurement of SO and NH production at different supplemented amounts of Cu and at moderate and high temperatures (30°C and 50°C, respectively). Both temperature and Cu induced changes in these communities, selecting for specific bacteria. Temperature induced the dominance of Brevibacillus , and Cu addition to soil caused a reduction of SO release by soil bacteria. Ammonium production during bacterial growth at moderate and high temperatures was not affected by Cu addition. A Cu-tolerant thermophilic isolate, belonging to the Bacillus genus, showed significant inhibition by high Cu concentrations and a reduction of NH release during growth; genera Brevibacillus and Bacillus have been previously reported as high NH and SO producers of the Firmicutes phylum. Results indicate that Cu treatments select specific tolerant bacterial strains which could influence natural soil fertilization in Cu-treated orchards.

Print ISSN: 1436-8730

Digitale ISSN: 1522-2624

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Publiziert von Wiley

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