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  • Articles  (777)
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  • Articles  (777)
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  • Wiley  (777)
  • American Chemical Society
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  • 1
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    Expression, functionality and localization of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonucleases in replicative and non-replicative forms of Trypanosoma cruzi (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-10-01
    Description: Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease. The parasite has to overcome oxidative damage by ROS/RNS all along its life cycle to survive and to establish a chronic infection. We propose that T. cruzi is able to survive, among other mechanisms of detoxification, by repair of its damaged DNA through activation of the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway. BER is highly conserved in eukaryotes with apurinic/apirimidinic endonucleases (APEs) playing a fundamental role. Previous results showed that T. cruzi exposed to hydrogen peroxide and peroxinitrite significantly decreases its viability when co-incubated with methoxyamine, an AP endonuclease inhibitor. In this work the localization, expression and functionality of two T. cruzi APEs (TcAP1, Homo sapiens APE1 orthologous and TcAP2, orthologous to Homo sapiens APE2 and to Schizosaccaromyces pombe Apn2p) were determined. These enzymes are present and active in the two replicative parasite forms (epimastigotes and amastigotes) as well as in the non-replicative, infective trypomastigotes. TcAP1 and TcAP2 are located in the nucleus of epimastigotes and their expression is constitutive. Epimastigote AP endonucleases as well as recombinant TcAP1 and TcAP2 are inhibited by methoxyamine. Overexpression of TcAP1 increases epimastigotes viability when they are exposed to acute ROS/RNS attack. This protective effect is more evident when parasites are submitted to persistent ROS/RNS exposition, mimicking nature conditions. Our results confirm that the BER pathway is involved in T. cruzi resistance to DNA oxidative damage and points to the participation of DNA AP endonucleases in parasite survival. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
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  • 2
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    Nanocrystalline Zeolite Tetraethylammonium-Beta Membrane for Preferential Sorption and Transport of CO2 over N2 (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: CO 2 /N 2 gas separation was performed over a nanocrystalline zeolite tetraethylammonium (TEA)-beta membrane prepared on a stainless-steel porous disc by repeated hydrothermal crystallization. Two to three consecutive hydrothermal syntheses were required to form a membrane comprised of a continuous and compact layer of zeolite beta nanocrystals on the support. The membrane TEA-BEA3 obtained by three consecutive syntheses, in which the membrane from two consecutive syntheses was used as support, exhibited the highest structural order. When the separation experiment was performed over this membrane without applying any external applied pressure, 100 % selectivity of CO 2 over N 2 was observed. The separation was driven by differences in chemical potentials of the molecules generated only by the adsorption-desorption behavior of the gases into the membrane. The novel zeolite TEA-beta membrane provided promising results for the separation of small gas molecules due to the combined influence of diffusion and sorption selectivity. Nanocrystalline zeolite tetraethylammonium (TEA)-beta membranes were prepared by repeated coating of zeolite nanocrystals via hydrothermal crystallization from a colloidal solution over a porous stain-less-steel disc support. When the separation experiment was performed without applying any external pressure, a CO 2 selectivity over N 2 of 100 % could be achieved.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 3
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    Effects of Aromatics on the Stability and Product Distribution of the Methanol to Olefin Process (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-09-28
    Description: Methanol to olefin process was investigated over a steam-treated Ca-ZSM-5 catalyst in a flow-type fixed bed reactor by adding aromatics to the methanol feed. As a comparison, the catalytic performance in the presence of nitrogen and water was also investigated. The experimental results exhibit that in the presence of aromatics, the total light olefin selectivity and the ethylene selectivity increased, while propylene selectivity increased with adding o- xylene and m -xylene to the methanol feed, but decreased with adding benzene, toluene, p -xylene and ethylbenzen to the methanol feed. The catalyst was characterized by temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, N 2 adsorption, and scanning electron microscope. The adsorption of water and aromatics on the catalyst was also studied. Based on the results, it is concluded that aromatics may be responsible for the formation of light olefins and be more favorable for ethylene than propylene in methanol conversion. The methanol to olefin process was investigated over a steam-treated Ca-ZSM-5 catalyst in a flow-type fixed bed reactor by adding aromatics to the methanol feed. High light-olefin selectivity was gained. Further experimental data suggested that aromatics enhanced the formation of light olefins in methanol conversion.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 4
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    Moisture Distribution in Fluidized Beds with Liquid Injection (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-08
    Description: Coupled discrete element method-computational fluid dynamics (DEM-CFD) simulations have been performed to study the fluid and particle dynamics in a fluidized-bed granulator on the scale of individual particles. Simulation of the gas and particle dynamics is combined with heat and mass transfer mechanisms, as the moisture distribution is a key parameter for the functionality of a fluidized-bed spray granulator. The model allows monitoring the moisture content and temperature of each individual particle as well as the temperature and humidity of the surrounding gas phase. A novel modeling approach is presented to describe the process dynamics of a fluidized bed in full detail for a reference time interval using coupled DEM-CFD simulations. The motion profile of gas and particles is extrapolated to larger time scales and used for the calculation of heat and mass transfer. Through this multiscale approach, a step forward is taken towards a physically based description of the microprocesses in granulation. Coupled discrete element method-computational fluid dynamics (DEM-CFD) simulations of the fluid and particle dynamics in a fluidized-bed granulator have been performed and combined with a model of heat and mass transfer. According to a novel multiscale modeling approach the process dynamics of a fluidized bed can be described in full detail for a reference time interval using DEM-CFD.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 5
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    Indirect Synthesis of Bis(2-PhInd)ZrCl2 Metallocene Catalyst, Kinetic Study and Modeling of Ethylene Polymerization (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-01-25
    Description: Bis(2-phenylindenyl)zirconium dichloride (bis(2-PhInd)ZrCl 2 ) catalyst was synthesized via the preparation of bis(2-phenylindenyl)zirconium dimethyl (bis(2-PhInd)ZrMe 2 ) followed by chlorination to obtain the catalyst. Performance of the catalyst for ethylene polymerization and its kinetic behavior were investigated. Activity of the catalyst increased as the [Al]:[Zr] molar ratio increased to 2333:1, followed by reduction at higher ratios. The maximum activity of the catalyst was obtained at a polymerization temperature of 60 °C. The rate-time profile of the reaction was of a decay type under all conditions. A general kinetic scheme was modified by considering a reversible reaction of latent site formation, and used to predict dynamic polymerization rate and viscosity average molecular weight of the resulting polymer. Kinetic constants were estimated by the Nelder-Mead numerical optimization algorithm. It was shown that any deviation from the general kinetic behavior can be captured by the addition of the reversible reaction of latent site formation. Simulation results were in satisfactory agreement with experimental data. Bis(2-PhInd)ZrCl2 catalyst was synthesized using an indirect method which has the advantage of preparing the catalyst at room temperature. For better identification of the catalyst behavior, the kinetic constants were estimated and evaluated by quantitative modeling of the polymerization mechanism.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 6
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    Atrazine Removal in Municipal Secondary Effluents by Fenton and Photo-Fenton Treatments (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-10-16
    Description: Alternative water sources, including effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTP) are necessary to meet increasing water demand. Advanced oxidation processes based on the Fenton reaction were applied to remove atrazine from the secondary effluents of a MWTP that uses activated sludge. Fenton, UV-A photo-Fenton, and UV-C photo-Fenton treatments were tested. Atrazine removal percentages were around 20 % for Fenton, 60 % for UV-A photo-Fenton and 70 % for UV-C photo-Fenton treatments, respectively. Organic matter mineralization by Fenton treatment was monitored and no significant reduction was observed. However, organic matter oxidation in terms of COD reduction of around 30 and 40 % were achieved by Fenton and photo-Fenton processes, respectively. The photo-Fenton process with UV-C is a useful technique for atrazine degradation, leading to higher degradation than with UV-A while also being more attractive in an economic point of view. Wastewater treatment plant effluents are increasingly used as non-potable water sources to meet increasing water demands, and therefore, efficient removal of pollutants is needed. Atrazine is used as a probe molecule for the comparison of Fenton, UV-A photo-Fenton, and UV-C photo-Fenton treatment. The study includes economical evaluations of all options.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 7
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    The TERE1 (UBIAD1) bladder tumor suppressor protein interacts with mitochondrial TBL2: regulation of trans-membrane potential, oxidative stress and SXR signaling to the nucleus (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-09
    Description: We originally discovered TERE1 as a potential tumor suppressor protein based upon reduced expression in bladder and prostate cancer specimens and growth inhibition of tumor cell lines/xenografts upon ectopic expression. Analysis of TERE1 (aka UBIAD1) has shown it is a prenyltransferase enzyme in the natural bio-synthetic pathways for both vitamin K-2 and COQ10 production and exhibits multiple subcellular localizations including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and golgi. Vitamin K-2 is involved in mitochondrial electron transport, SXR nuclear hormone receptor signaling and redox cycling: together these functions may form the basis for tumor suppressor function. To gain further insight into mechanisms of growth suppression and enzymatic regulation of TERE1 we isolated TERE1 associated proteins and identified the WD40 repeat, mitochondrial protein TBL2. We examined whether disease specific mutations in TERE1 affected interactions with TBL2 and the role of each protein in altering mitochondrial function, ROS/RNS production and SXR target gene regulation. Biochemical binding assays demonstrated a direct, high affinity interaction between TERE1 and TBL2 proteins; TERE1 was localized to both mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial membranes whereas TBL2 was predominantly mitochondrial; multiple independent single amino acid substitutions in TERE1 which cause a human hereditary corneal disease reduced binding to TBL2 strongly suggesting the relevance of this interaction. Ectopic TERE1 expression elevated mitochondrial trans-membrane potential, oxidative stress, NO production, and activated SXR targets. A TERE1-TBL2 complex likely functions in oxidative/nitrosative stress, lipid metabolism, and SXR signaling pathways in its role as a tumor suppressor. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
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  • 8
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    Nanocrystalline Zeolite Tetraethylammonium-Beta Membrane for Preferential Sorption and Transport of CO2over N2 (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-06
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 9
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    Indirect Synthesis of Bis(2-PhInd)ZrCl2 Metallocene Catalyst, Kinetic Study and Modeling of Ethylene Polymerization (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-01-24
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 10
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    Atrazine Removal in Municipal Secondary Effluents by Fenton and Photo-Fenton Treatments (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-15
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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