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  • 1
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    Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Support Lymphangiogenic Parameters In Vitro (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-29
    Description: It is a common complication to develop a secondary lymphedema after surgery or radiation, for example after axillary lymph node dissection due to breast cancer and current therapies are mainly symptomatic. Since these surgical procedures result in both, loss of adipose tissue and loss of lymphatic nodes and vessels, tissue engineering could be a new promising approach, to create an adipose tissue substitute comprised with a lymphatic network. We have conducted co-culture experiments to investigate the effects of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) on human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in terms of gene expression profile, proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro. In this respect, both cell types were co-cultured either indirectly or directly with or without the recombinant growth factor VEGF-C. Indirect co-cultures were performed with the aid of a transwell chamber. In case of direct co-culture, immunomagnetic separation by CD31 magnetic beads allowed examination of the LEC population. Direct and indirect co-culture of ASCs induced mRNA expression of lymphatic marker genes, proliferation and migration by LECs without affecting tube formation. Thus, we have shown that co-culture of ASCs with LECs might be a feasible approach that could be used in cell-based tissue engineering therapies to heal or improve a secondary lymphedema. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    Transcriptomic Changes in Osteoblasts Following Endothelial Cell-Cocultivation Suggest a Role of Extracellular Matrix in Cellular Interaction (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-12
    Description: Vascularization is important for bone development, fracture healing and engineering of artificial bone tissue. In the context of bone tissue engineering, it was shown that coimplantation of human primary umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human osteoblasts (hOBs) results in the formation of functional blood vessels and enhanced bone regeneration. Implanted endothelial cells do not only contribute to blood vessel formation, but also support proliferation, cell survival and osteogenic differentiation of coimplanted hOBs. These effects are partially mediated by direct heterotypic cell contacts. In a previous report we could show that cocultivated hOBs strongly increase the expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) formation in HUVECs, suggesting that ECM may be involved in the intercellular communication between hOBs and HUVECs. The present study aimed at investigating whether comparable changes occur in hOBs. We therefore performed a microarray analysis of hOBs cultivated in direct contact with HUVECs, revealing 1004 differentially expressed genes. The differentially expressed genes could be assigned to the functional clusters ECM, proliferation, apoptosis and osteogenic differentiation. The microarray data could be confirmed by performing quantitative real time RT-PCR on selected genes. Furthermore, we could show that the ECM produced by HUVECs increased the expression of the osteogenic differentiation marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in hOBs. In summary, our data demonstrate that HUVECs provoke complex changes in gene expression patterns in cocultivated hOBs and that ECM plays and important role in this interaction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
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    An introduction to this special section: Chronostratigraphy (2013)
    Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)
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    Publication Date: 2013-02-06
    Description: In 1977, we saw the publication of AAPG Memoir 26, Seismic Stratigraphy—Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration . In this book, Peter Vail and his colleagues, in a series of papers, introduced the industry to the concepts of seismic sequences, the construction of chronostratigraphic charts, and how the seismic data could be used to estimate the global rise and fall of sea level. In this work, they also showed how the shape of the reflections and their lapping relationships could be used to predict depositional environment, which could be used to predict sediment type and facies.
    Print ISSN: 1070-485X
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-3789
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)
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  • 4
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    Signal recovery beyond conventional Nyquist: The sample rates used for seismic acquisition do not need to limit the maximum recoverable frequencies (2013)
    Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)
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    Publication Date: 2013-11-08
    Description: The seismic industry's conventional wisdom teaches that the temporal and spatial sample rates used when collecting seismic data place a hard limit on the maximum recoverable frequencies. This conventional wisdom is wrong. The data-collection Nyquist frequencies (time and space) do not need to limit the maximum frequencies in the final migrated stack volumes. This is not to say that the sampling theorem is wrong but that we as an industry have not optimally applied it since the advent of digital data collection and processing. Normal Neidell and Daniel Wisecup have previously told us of "the errors of our ways," but few have listened. What I present here is similar to Wisecup's method. The goal of this article is to provide simple examples that "even a geologist could explain to a teenager" as to why the sample rate does not necessarily limit the maximum recoverable frequency. It is directed at geophysics students (and their professors) so that they might have a new, enlightened "conventional wisdom" compared to us "seasoned" geophysicists. With this insight, they should demand more from their seismic data providers.
    Print ISSN: 1070-485X
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-3789
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)
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  • 5
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    Transcription of extracellular matrix components and proangiogenic factors is increased in endothelial cells after cocultivation with primary human osteoblasts (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-01-18
    Description: The most promising strategies in bone engineering have concentrated on providing sufficient vascularization to support the newly forming tissue. In this context, recent research in the field has focused on studying the complex interactions between bone-forming and endothelial cells. Our previous work has demonstrated that direct contact cocultivation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with primary human osteoblasts (hOBs) induces the osteogenic phenotype and survival of hOBs. In order to investigate the mechanisms that lead to this effect, we performed microarray gene expression profiling on HUVECs following cocultivation with hOBs. Our data reveal profound transcriptomic changes that are dependent on direct cell contact between these cell populations. Pathway analysis using the MetaCore™ platform and literature research suggested a striking upregulation of transcripts related to extracellular matrix and cell-matrix interactions. Upregulation of a number of major angiogenetic factors confirms previous observations that HUVECs enter a proangiogenic state upon cocultivation with osteoblasts. Interestingly, the downregulated transcripts clustered predominantly around cell cycle-related processes. The microarray data was confirmed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR on selected genes. Taken together, this study provides a platform for further inquiries in complex interactions between endothelial cells and osteoblasts. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
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    Overexpression of Hif-1Alpha in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Affects Cell-Autonomous Angiogenic and Osteogenic Parameters (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-10
    Description: Reconstruction of large bone defects still represents a major medical challenge. In recent years tissue engineering has developed techniques based on adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that could represent an attractive therapeutical option to treat large bone defects in the future. It has been demonstrated in various animal models that ex vivo expanded MSCs are capable of promoting the regeneration of skeletal defects after implantation. However, for the efficient regeneration of bone in tissue engineering applications, a rapid vascularization of implanted grafts is essential to ensure the survival of cells in the early post-implantational phase. A promising strategy to enhance vascularization of MSC-containing implants could consist of overexpression of the angiogenic master transcription factor Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (Hif-1) in the MSCs in order to induce angiogenesis and support osteogenesis. In the present study, we overexpressed Hif-1α in MSCs by using recombinant adenoviruses and investigated cell-autonomous effects. Overexpression of Hif-1α enhanced proliferation, migration, cell survival and expression of pro-angiogenic genes. Other parameters such as expression of the osteogenic markers BMP-2 and RunX2 were decreased. Hif-1α overexpression had no effect on invasion, senescence and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Our experiments revealed multifarious effects of Hif-1α overexpression on cell-autonomous parameters. Therefore, Hif-1α overexpression may represent a therapeutic option to improve cellular functions of MSCs to treat critical sized bone defects. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
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    Calmodulin Regulated Spectrin Associated Protein 1 mRNA is Directly Regulated by miR-126 in Primary Human Osteoblasts (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-12-14
    Description: Vascularization is essential for bone development, fracture healing and bone tissue engineering. We have previously described that coculture of primary human osteoblasts (hOBs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) improves differentiation of both cell types. Investigating the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in this system, we found that miR-126 is highly upregulated in hOBs following coculturing with HUVECs. In this study we performed miR-126 gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments in hOBs followed by microarray analysis in order to identify targets of miR-126. The transcript cluster IDs were sieved by applying cut-off criteria and by selecting transcripts which were upregulated following miR-126 downregulation and vice versa. This yielded a list of 19 genes, amongst which the biologically most relevant ones were validated by RT-qPCR. The calmodulin regulated spectrin associated protein 1 (CAMSAP1) mRNA was confirmed to be differentially regulated by miR-126. Using the luciferase reporter assay it was demonstrated that CAMSAP1 is directly targeted by miR-126. In this study, we show that miR-126 and CAMSAP1 directly interact in hOBs. This finding has potential implications for tissue engineering applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 8
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    Introduction to this special section: Time-frequency applications (2015)
    Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-01
    Description: This special section augments a 2014 SEG postconvention workshop titled "Latest developments in time-frequency analysis." That workshop concentrated on specific methods used to perform spectral decomposition, whereas most of the special-section articles discuss how spectral-decomposition results can be used to produce better geologic interpretations.
    Print ISSN: 1070-485X
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-3789
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)
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  • 9
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    Instantaneous frequency spectra (2015)
    Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-01
    Description: The goal of performing spectral decomposition is to determine the frequency spectra of the seismic signal as a function of traveltime. In conventional short-window Fourier methods and in continuous-wavelet transforms, there is a trade-off between temporal resolution and frequency resolution. By using a new method, spectral decomposition can be obtained at the time resolution of the input trace, which is independent of frequency. Furthermore, this decomposition has a constant frequency resolution on the order of a few hertz. However, there still might be some trade-offs. To perform this decomposition, a sliding calculation window is required, the length of which has some effect on the results. Long windows produce higher-frequency resolution, as is typical in performing Fourier transforms. However, higher resolution does not necessarily mean more accurate results. Different window lengths can produce different-looking (sometimes significantly different) spectral tuning curves because of the interrelationship of the reflections contained in the window. Guidelines for the sensitivity to the calculation window length have not yet been determined. This new spectral-decomposition approach is illustrated using four simple synthetic models and a line from a widely used data set.
    Print ISSN: 1070-485X
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-3789
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)
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  • 10
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    Introduction to this special section: Advancements in 3D seismic processing (2018)
    Society of Exploration Geophysicists
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    Publication Date: 2018-01-01
    Print ISSN: 1070-485X
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-3789
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society of Exploration Geophysicists
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