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  • Articles  (156)
  • Ecology and Evolution  (5)
  • Nature  (5)
  • 170442
  • 328
  • Biology  (156)
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (135)
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  • Articles  (156)
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  • 1
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    Growth of host root establishes contact with parasitic angiosperm Boschniakia hookeri (1979)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
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    Suppression of proteolipid protein rescues Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Behavioral responses of Atlantic cod to sea temperature changes (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-19
    Description: Understanding responses of marine species to temperature variability is essential to predict impacts of future climate change in the oceans. Most ectotherms are expected to adjust their behavior to avoid extreme temperatures and minimize acute changes in body temperature. However, measuring such behavioral plasticity in the wild is challenging. Combining 4 years of telemetry-derived behavioral data on juvenile and adult (30–80 cm) Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ), and in situ ocean temperature measurements, we found a significant effect of sea temperature on cod depth use and activity level in coastal Skagerrak. During summer, cod were found in deeper waters when sea surface temperature increased. Further, this effect of temperature was stronger on larger cod. Diel vertical migration, which consists in a nighttime rise to shallow feeding habitats, was stronger among smaller cod. As surface temperature increased beyond ~15°C, their vertical migration was limited to deeper waters. In addition to larger diel vertical migrations, smaller cod were more active and travelled larger distances compared to larger specimens. Cold temperatures during winter tended, however, to reduce the magnitude of diel vertical migrations, as well as the activity level and distance moved by those smaller individuals. Our findings suggest that future and ongoing rises in sea surface temperature may increasingly deprive cod in this region from shallow feeding areas during summer, which may be detrimental for local populations of the species. Our study found a significant effect of sea temperature on cod depth use and activity level in coastal Skagerrak. Cod was found in deeper waters when sea surface temperature increased and this effect of temperature was stronger on larger cod. Our findings suggest that future and ongoing elevations in sea surface temperature may increasingly deprive cod in this region from shallow feeding areas during summer, which may be detrimental for local populations of the species.
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-7758
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 4
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    Genotype-environment associations support a mosaic hybrid zone between two tidal marsh birds (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-30
    Description: Local environmental features can shape hybrid zone dynamics when hybrids are bounded by ecotones or when patchily distributed habitat types lead to a corresponding mosaic of genotypes. We investigated the role of marsh-level characteristics in shaping a hybrid zone between two recently diverged avian taxa – Saltmarsh ( Ammodramus caudacutus ) and Nelson's ( A. nelsoni ) sparrows. These species occupy different niches where allopatric, with caudacutus restricted to coastal marshes and nelsoni found in a broader array of wetland and grassland habitats and co-occur in tidal marshes in sympatry. We determined the influence of habitat types on the distribution of pure and hybrid sparrows and assessed the degree of overlap in the ecological niche of each taxon. To do this, we sampled and genotyped 305 sparrows from 34 marshes across the hybrid zone and from adjacent regions. We used linear regression to test for associations between marsh characteristics and the distribution of pure and admixed sparrows. We found a positive correlation between genotype and environmental variables with a patchy distribution of genotypes and habitats across the hybrid zone. Ecological niche models suggest that the hybrid niche was more similar to that of A. nelsoni and habitat suitability was influenced strongly by distance from coastline. Our results support a mosaic model of hybrid zone maintenance, suggesting a role for local environmental features in shaping the distribution and frequency of pure species and hybrids across space. Ecological niche models and regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between local marsh characteristics and site-averaged genotypes across a hybrid zone between Ammodramus caudacutus and Ammodramus nelsoni . Fine scale spatial structuring of tidal marsh habitat and a corresponding patchy distribution of pure and hybrid genotypes supports a mosaic hybrid zone.
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-7758
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 5
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    Enamel proteome shows that Gigantopithecus was an early diverging pongine (2019)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Exceptional avian herbivores: multiple transitions toward herbivory in the bird order Anseriformes and its correlation with body mass (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-10-17
    Description: Herbivory is rare among birds and is usually thought to have evolved predominately among large, flightless birds due to energetic constraints or an association with increased body mass. Nearly all members of the bird order Anseriformes, which includes ducks, geese, and swans, are flighted and many are predominately herbivorous. However, it is unknown whether herbivory represents a derived state for the order and how many times a predominately herbivorous diet may have evolved. Compiling data from over 200 published diet studies to create a continuous character for herbivory, models of trait evolution support at least five independent transitions toward a predominately herbivorous diet in Anseriformes. Although a nonphylogenetic correlation test recovers a significant positive correlation between herbivory and body mass, this correlation is not significant when accounting for phylogeny. These results indicate a lack of support for the hypothesis that a larger body mass confers an advantage in the digestion of low-quality diets but does not exclude the possibility that shifts to a more abundant food source have driven shifts toward herbivory in other bird lineages. The exceptional number of transitions toward a more herbivorous diet in Anseriformes and lack of correlation with body mass prompts a reinterpretation of the relatively infrequent origination of herbivory among flighted birds. Herbivory is rare among birds and is usually thought to have evolved predominately among large, flightless birds due to energetic constraints or an association with increased body mass. Dietary data compiled from over 200 published studies show that the bird order Anseriformes, which includes ducks and geese, have undergone at least five independent transitions toward a predominately herbivorous diet. Additionally, phylogenetic analyses reveals no significant correlation between the extent of herbivory and body mass.
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-7758
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
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    Genomic population structure of freshwater-resident and anadromous ide (Leuciscus idus) in north-western Europe (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-23
    Description: Climate change experts largely agree that future climate change and associated rises in oceanic water levels over the upcoming decades, will affect marine salinity levels. The subsequent effects on fish communities in estuarine ecosystems however, are less clear. One species that is likely to become increasingly affected by changes in salinity is the ide ( Leuciscus idus ). The ide is a stenohaline freshwater fish that primarily inhabits rivers, with frequent anadromous behavior when sea salinity does not exceed 15%. Unlike most other anadromous Baltic Sea fish species, the ide has yet to be subjected to large-scale stocking programs, and thus provides an excellent opportunity for studying the natural population structure across the current salinity gradient in the Danish Belts. To explore this, we used Genotyping-by-Sequencing to determine genomic population structure of both freshwater resident and anadromous ide populations in the western Baltic Sea region, and relate the results to the current salinity gradient and the demographic history of ide in the region. The sample sites separate into four clusters, with all anadromous populations in one cluster and the freshwater resident populations in the remaining three. Results demonstrate high level of differentiation between sites hosting freshwater resident populations, but little differentiation among anadromous populations. Thus ide exhibit the genomic population structure of both a typical freshwater species, and a typical anadromous species. In addition to providing a first insight into the population structure of north-western European ide, our data also (1) provide indications of a single illegal introduction by man; (2) suggest limited genetic effects of heavy pollution in the past; and (3) indicate possible historical anadromous behavior in a now isolated freshwater population. Ide (Leuciscus idus) are stenohaline freshwater fish that primarily inhabits rivers, with frequent anadromous behavior when sea salinity does not exceed 15%. We used Genotyping-by-Sequencing to determine genomic population structure of both freshwater resident and anadromous ide populations in north-western Europe. In addition to providing a first insight into the population structure our results also demonstrate high level of differentiation between sites hosting freshwater resident populations, but little differentiation among anadromous populations. Thus ide exhibit the genomic population structure of both a typical freshwater species, and a typical anadromous species.
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-7758
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 8
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    XFEL structures of the human MT2 melatonin receptor reveal the basis of subtype selectivity (2019)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Active site remodelling accompanies thioester bond formation in the SUMO E1 (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-02-19
    Description: E1 enzymes activate ubiquitin (Ub) and ubiquitin-like (Ubl) proteins in two steps by carboxy-terminal adenylation and thioester bond formation to a conserved catalytic cysteine in the E1 Cys domain. The structural basis for these intermediates remains unknown. Here we report crystal structures for human SUMO E1 in complex with SUMO adenylate and tetrahedral intermediate analogues at 2.45 and 2.6 A, respectively. These structures show that side chain contacts to ATP.Mg are released after adenylation to facilitate a 130 degree rotation of the Cys domain during thioester bond formation that is accompanied by remodelling of key structural elements including the helix that contains the E1 catalytic cysteine, the crossover and re-entry loops, and refolding of two helices that are required for adenylation. These changes displace side chains required for adenylation with side chains required for thioester bond formation. Mutational and biochemical analyses indicate these mechanisms are conserved in other E1s.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2866016/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2866016/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olsen, Shaun K -- Capili, Allan D -- Lu, Xuequan -- Tan, Derek S -- Lima, Christopher D -- F32 GM075695/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM075695-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI068038/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI068038-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI068038-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM065872/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM065872-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR-15301/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 18;463(7283):906-12. doi: 10.1038/nature08765.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20164921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; *Biocatalysis ; Catalytic Domain/*physiology ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cysteine/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; SUMO-1 Protein/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins/metabolism ; Sulfides/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Ubiquitins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 10
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    Comprehensive mass-spectrometry-based proteome quantification of haploid versus diploid yeast (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-30
    Description: Mass spectrometry is a powerful technology for the analysis of large numbers of endogenous proteins. However, the analytical challenges associated with comprehensive identification and relative quantification of cellular proteomes have so far appeared to be insurmountable. Here, using advances in computational proteomics, instrument performance and sample preparation strategies, we compare protein levels of essentially all endogenous proteins in haploid yeast cells to their diploid counterparts. Our analysis spans more than four orders of magnitude in protein abundance with no discrimination against membrane or low level regulatory proteins. Stable-isotope labelling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) quantification was very accurate across the proteome, as demonstrated by one-to-one ratios of most yeast proteins. Key members of the pheromone pathway were specific to haploid yeast but others were unaltered, suggesting an efficient control mechanism of the mating response. Several retrotransposon-associated proteins were specific to haploid yeast. Gene ontology analysis pinpointed a significant change for cell wall components in agreement with geometrical considerations: diploid cells have twice the volume but not twice the surface area of haploid cells. Transcriptome levels agreed poorly with proteome changes overall. However, after filtering out low confidence microarray measurements, messenger RNA changes and SILAC ratios correlated very well for pheromone pathway components. Systems-wide, precise quantification directly at the protein level opens up new perspectives in post-genomics and systems biology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Godoy, Lyris M F -- Olsen, Jesper V -- Cox, Jurgen -- Nielsen, Michael L -- Hubner, Nina C -- Frohlich, Florian -- Walther, Tobias C -- Mann, Matthias -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 30;455(7217):1251-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07341. Epub 2008 Sep 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18820680" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Diploidy ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, Fungal/genetics ; *Haploidy ; Mass Spectrometry/*methods ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Open Reading Frames ; Proteome/*analysis/genetics ; Proteomics/*methods ; RNA, Fungal/analysis/genetics ; Retroelements/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*analysis/genetics ; Staining and Labeling ; Transcription, Genetic/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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