ALBERT

Beschreibung: In this work, we present a simple algorithm to calculate automatically the Fourier spectrum of a Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation Signal (SPWM). Modulated voltage signals of this kind are used in industry by speed drives to vary the speed of alternating current motors while maintaining a smooth torque. Nevertheless, the SPWM technique produces undesired harmonics, which yield stator heating and power losses. By monitoring these signals without human interaction, it is possible to identify the harmonic content of SPWM signals in a fast and continuous manner. The algorithm is based in the autocorrelation function, commonly used in radar and voice signal processing. Taking advantage of the symmetry properties of the autocorrelation, the algorithm is capable of estimating half of the period of the fundamental frequency; thus, allowing one to estimate the necessary number of samples to produce an accurate Fourier spectrum. To deal with the loss of samples, i.e., the scan backlog, the algorithm iteratively acquires and trims the discrete sequence of samples until the required number of samples reaches a stable value. The simulation shows that the algorithm is not affected by either the magnitude of the switching pulses or the acquisition noise.

Beschreibung: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), as most of cancers results from a complex interaction between genetic or non genetic factors. Exposures to xenobiotics endogenous or exogenous associated with a reduced individual ability in detoxifying activity, constitutes a risk of developing cancer. It is known that polymorphism of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) genes affects the detoxification of xenobiotics. Thus, we conducted a case-control study in which 92 patients (Mean age ± SD, 40.62 ± 12.7 years) with CML and 93 healthy unrelated controls (Mean age ± SD, 41.38 ± 13.4 years) have participated. GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes were determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Logistic regression was used to assess the possible link between GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes and CML as well as between combined genotypes and CML. GSTM1 null genotype frequency was slightly higher in patients than control (48.9% vs. 40.9%) but, it was not associated with CML (OR 95% CI, 1.4, 0.78-2.48; p = 0.271). Moreover, GSTT1 null genotype frequency showed a similar trend between patients and control (17.4% vs. 9.7%; OR 95% CI, 1.97, 0.82-4.71; p = 0.13). Surprisingly, GSTT1 null genotype was significantly associated with the risk of CML in males (OR 95% CI, 5, 1.25-20.1; p = 0.023). The combined GSTM1 present/GSTT1 null genotype was found to have a limited effect against the risk of CML (OR 95% CI, 0.3, 0.08-0.99; p = 0.049). Our findings have shown that GSTT1 null genotype might be a risk factor of CML in males. While, GSTT1 present genotype might be considered as protective against CML. However, further studies with a large sample size are needed to confirm our findings.

Beschreibung: Background: The respiratory function is affected by obesity due to an increased deposition of fat on the chest wall. The objective of this study was to investigate the strength of the inspiratory respiratory muscles of obese individuals and the possible influence of bariatric surgery on it by measuring the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP). Methods: Patients referred to a bariatric centre between the 3rd of October 2011 and the 3rd of May 2012 were screened preoperatively by a multidisciplinary team. Their MIP was measured at screening and 3, 6 and 9 months postoperative. In case of a preoperative MIP lower than 70% of predicted pressure training was provided supervised by a physiotherapist. Results: The mean age of 124 included patients was 42.9 ± 11.0 years and mean BMI was 43.1 ± 5.2 kg/m 2 . The mean predicted MIP preoperatively was 127 ± 31 in cm H 2 O and the mean measured MIP was 102 ± 24 in cm H 2 O. Three patients (2.4%) received training. Three months after surgery the MIP was 76 ± 26 cm H 2 O, after 6 months 82 ± 28 cm H 2 O and after 9 months 86 ± 28 cm H 2 O. All postoperative measurements were significant lower than preoperatively (P 

Beschreibung: In this paper, the a priori estimate method, the so-called energy inequalities method based on some functional analysis tools is developed for a Caputo time fractional 2 m th order diffusion wave equation with purely nonlocal conditions of integral type. Existence and uniqueness of the solution are proved. The proofs of the results are based on some a priori estimates and on some density arguments.

Beschreibung: Among all the malaria controlling measures, biological control of mosquito larvae may be the cheapest and easiest to implement. This study investigated baseline predation of immature mosquitoes by macroinvertebrate predators along the Mara River, determined the diversity of predators and mosquito larvae habitats and the range of their adaptive capacity to water physico-chemical parameters. Between July and August 2011, sampling sites (n=39) along the Mara River were selected and investigated for the presence of macroinvertebrate predators and mosquito larvae. The selected sampling sites were geocoded and each dipped 20 times using standard mosquito larvae dipper to sample mosquito larvae, while a D-frame dip net was used to capture the macroinvertebrate predators. Water physico-chemical parameters (dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, conductivity, salinity and turbidity) were taken in situ at access points, while hardness and alkalinity were measured titrimetically. The influence of macroinvertebrate predator occurrence was correlated with mosquito larvae and water quality parameters using Generalized Linear Model (GLM). Predators (n=297) belonging to 3 orders of Hemiptera (54.2%), Odonata (22.9%) and Coleoptera (22.9%), and mosquito larvae (n=4001) belonging to 10 species, which included An.gambiae s.l (44.9%), Culex spp. (34.8%) and An. coustani complex (13.8%), An. maculipalpis (3.6%), An. phaorensis (1.2%), An. funestus group (0.5%), An. azaniae (0.4%), An. hamoni (0.3%), An. christyi (0.3%), An. ardensis (0.08%), An. faini (0.07%), An. sergentii (0.05%) and 0.05% of Aedes mosquito larvae which were not identified to species level, due to lack of an appropriate key, were captured from different habitats along the Mara river. It was established that invasion of habitats by the macroinvertebrate predators were partially driven by the presence of mosquito larvae (p 〈 0.001), and the prevailing water physico-chemical parameters (DO, temperature, and turbidity, p

Beschreibung: Mathematical learning from digital libraries and the web is a challenging problem for people with visual impairments and blindness. In this paper, we focus on developing the mathematical learning skills of braille users with a new assistive technology developed to retrieve semantically mathematical information from the web. This kind of research is still in the study phase. This paper presents an overview of assistive technologies for braille users followed by a description of the proposed system, which works in four phases. In the first phase, we translate a query math formula in braille into MathML code, and then we extract the structural and semantic meaning from the MathML expressions using multilevel presentation. In the classification phase, we choose a multilevel similarity measure based on K-Nearest Neighbors to evaluate the relevance between expressions. Finally, the query result is converted to braille math expressions. Experiments based on our database show that the new system provides more efficient results in responding to user queries.

Beschreibung: Symmetry, Vol. 10, Pages 213: Medical Diagnosis Based on Single-Valued Neutrosophic Probabilistic Rough Multisets over Two Universes Symmetry doi: 10.3390/sym10060213 Authors: Chao Zhang Deyu Li Said Broumi Arun Kumar Sangaiah In real-world diagnostic procedures, due to the limitation of human cognitive competence, a medical expert may not conveniently use some crisp numbers to express the diagnostic information, and plenty of research has indicated that generalized fuzzy numbers play a significant role in describing complex diagnostic information. To deal with medical diagnosis problems based on generalized fuzzy sets (FSs), the notion of single-valued neutrosophic multisets (SVNMs) is firstly used to express the diagnostic information in this article. Then the model of probabilistic rough sets (PRSs) over two universes is applied to analyze SVNMs, and the concepts of single-valued neutrosophic rough multisets (SVNRMs) over two universes and probabilistic rough single-valued neutrosophic multisets (PRSVNMs) over two universes are introduced. Based on SVNRMs over two universes and PRSVNMs over two universes, single-valued neutrosophic probabilistic rough multisets (SVNPRMs) over two universes are further established. Next, a three-way decisions model by virtue of SVNPRMs over two universes in the context of medical diagnosis is constructed. Finally, a practical case study along with a comparative study are carried out to reveal the accuracy and reliability of the constructed three-way decisions model.

Beschreibung: Symmetry, Vol. 10, Pages 190: Some Results on the Graph Theory for Complex Neutrosophic Sets Symmetry doi: 10.3390/sym10060190 Authors: Shio Gai Quek Said Broumi Ganeshsree Selvachandran Assia Bakali Mohamed Talea Florentin Smarandache Fuzzy graph theory plays an important role in the study of the symmetry and asymmetry properties of fuzzy graphs. With this in mind, in this paper, we introduce new neutrosophic graphs called complex neutrosophic graphs of type 1 (abbr. CNG1). We then present a matrix representation for it and study some properties of this new concept. The concept of CNG1 is an extension of the generalized fuzzy graphs of type 1 (GFG1) and generalized single-valued neutrosophic graphs of type 1 (GSVNG1). The utility of the CNG1 introduced here are applied to a multi-attribute decision making problem related to Internet server selection.

Beschreibung: Symmetry, Vol. 10, Pages 236: An Extended Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) with Maximizing Deviation Method Based on Integrated Weight Measure for Single-Valued Neutrosophic Sets Symmetry doi: 10.3390/sym10070236 Authors: Ganeshsree Selvachandran Shio Gai Quek Florentin Smarandache Said Broumi A single-valued neutrosophic set (SVNS) is a special case of a neutrosophic set which is characterized by a truth, indeterminacy, and falsity membership function, each of which lies in the standard interval of [0, 1]. This paper presents a modified Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) with maximizing deviation method based on the single-valued neutrosophic set (SVNS) model. An integrated weight measure approach that takes into consideration both the objective and subjective weights of the attributes is used. The maximizing deviation method is used to compute the objective weight of the attributes, and the non-linear weighted comprehensive method is used to determine the combined weights for each attributes. The use of the maximizing deviation method allows our proposed method to handle situations in which information pertaining to the weight coefficients of the attributes are completely unknown or only partially known. The proposed method is then applied to a multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) problem. Lastly, a comprehensive comparative studies is presented, in which the performance of our proposed algorithm is compared and contrasted with other recent approaches involving SVNSs in literature.